RESEARCH OVERVIEW

Presented by; Razali Hassan Ph.D with Material provided by; Prof Dr Wahid Razzaly
UTHM Kursus Metodologi Penyelidikan
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List 3 most haunting problems in Research Methodology.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Time Management How to design the research What to write in RM What is RM Supervisor Expectation Writing Style (LR) Method to be adopted Originality Depth What is Quality RM?
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Research Overview
Learning Outcomes: Understanding Scenario of Research. Applying the Research Processes. Developing a Quality Research Proposal.

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RESEARCH MAPPING
Eksperimental Criteria Aim Descriptive Concept Based on METHOD INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH TYPE Correlation Ex Post Facto Historical Based on AIM Fundamental Applied

RESEARCH

Data Analysis RESEARCH PROCESSES

Problem Formulation

Literature Review Data Collection

Methodology
Design

Measurement Sampling Instrument Validity & Reliability Pilot Study Variables

Definitions of Philosophy
the critical examination of the grounds for fundamental beliefs and an analysis of the basic concepts employed in the expression of such beliefs
Encyclopedia Britannica

Research Definitions
Research is a systematic way of asking questions, a systematic method of inquiry.
Drew C. J., Hardman M. L. and Hart A. W. (1996)

Research is a systematic search for information-a process of inquiry in which the researcher carefully poses a questions and proceeds systematically to gather, analyze, interpret, and communicate the information necessary to answer the question
Graziano A. M. and M. L. Raulin (2000)

Types of Research

General Methodology

Quantitative Method

Mixed Method / Triangulation

Data

Qualitative Method

Practicality

Question

Methodology Comparison
Quantitative
Explanation, prediction Test theories Known variables Large sample Standardized instruments Deductive

Qualitative
Explanation, description Build theories Unknown variables Small sample Observations, interviews Inductive
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Research Purpose
Descriptive research to examine the descriptions of two or more variables and make decisions about their differences or relationships.

Comparative research

to create accurate pictures of one or more variables.

Experimental research

to draw conclusions about the influence of one or more variables in making changes to another variable. They seek to answer if . . . then questions.
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Concept of Design

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SCIENTIFIC METHOD1/6
Ask a Question: The scientific method starts when you ask a question about something that you observe: How, What, When, Who, Which, Why, or Where?

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SCIENTIFIC METHOD2/6
Do Background Research: Rather than starting from scratch in putting together a plan for answering your question, you want to be a savvy scientist using library and Internet research to help you find the best way to do things and insure that you don't repeat mistakes from the past.
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SCIENTIFIC METHOD3/6
Construct a Hypothesis: A hypothesis is an educated guess about how things work: "If _____[I do this] _____, then _____[this]_____ will happen."

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SCIENTIFIC METHOD4/6
Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment: Your experiment tests whether your hypothesis is true or false. It is important for your experiment to be a fair test. You conduct a fair test by making sure that you change only one factor at a time while keeping all other conditions the same.
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SCIENTIFIC METHOD5/6
Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion: Once your experiment is complete, you collect your measurements and analyze them to see if your hypothesis is true or false.

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SCIENTIFIC METHOD6/6
Communicate Your Results: by publishing their final report in a scientific journal or by presenting their results on a poster at a scientific meeting.

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RESEARCH PROCESS
Methodology

Literature Review

Data Collection

Data Analysis Problem Statement

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Problem Formulation
HOW? personal experience deduction from theory related literature current issues practical situations Expert advice
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Literature Review
What?

is an evaluative report of information found in the literature related to your selected area of study is more than the search for information, and goes beyond being a descriptive annotated bibliography. is a summary of what has been published on a topic by scholars and researchers in a particular field.

How?
Up to date High quality . . . .

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Literature Review
Why?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. To identify gaps in the literature To avoid reinventing the wheel To carry on from where others have already reached. To identify other people working in the same fields. To increase knowledge of your subject area To provide the intellectual context. To identify opposing views. To put your work into perspective. To demonstrate that you can access previous work in an area To identify information and ideas that may be relevant To identify methods that could be relevant to your project. To show where the research fits into the existing body of knowledge To enable the researcher to learn from previous theory on the subject To illustrate how the subject has been studied previously To highlight flaws in previous research. To show that the work is adding to the understanding and knowledge of the field To help refine, refocus or even change the topic To set your topic in a theoretical context To make a connection between theory and your research topic To helps tie your research project to what others have said and done before you A thorough review of the literature enables you to become an expert in the area and more knowledgeable. 22

Methodology
Method Chosen Sampling Instruments
Validity Reliability Piloting

Data Collection Procedure Data Analysis Duration / Schedules Problems encountered

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Data Analysis
Data Analysis
Descriptive - Sample Inferential population

Data Presentation
Tabulation Graphical

Tools ..
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Conclusion & Discussion

Brief on problem statement, procedure, results Discus results and implications based on LR Conclude, synthesise and evaluation Recommendations
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RESEACH and CLIMBING

"People who are unable to motivate themselves must be content with mediocrity, no matter how impressive their other talents." - Andrew Carnegie
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Petua Pelajar PhD

Ibn Sinna

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DISCUSSION

"Seek your destiny and you will achieve your goals".

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The Challenges

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