EDUCATION IN INDIA : KEY PROBLEMS AND REMEDIES

A PRESENTATION ON

PRESENTED BY Mayank Ganatra (1225014) Amol Date (1225015) Jyoten Panditpautra (1225016) Suvarna Ghule (1225017) Ashwin Tank (1225018) Kshitij Godbole (1225019) Yogi Bhimani (1225020)

OVERVIEW
As we all know that what role does Education play in our lives and what is its importance. The presentation throws light on Indian Education System It includes a brief overview on education, different levels of education, policies of the government, problem that the Indian Education system is facing, the loopholes in the education system, the initiatives taken by the government to improve education system and at the end the conclusion.

INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS EDUCATION ?
Education in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people sustain from one generation to the next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts. In its narrow, technical sense, education is the formal process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills, customs and values from one generation to another, e.g. instruction in schools. EDUCATION IN INDIA Education in India is provided by the public sector as well as the private sector, with control and funding coming from three levels: central, state, and local. Education in India falls under the control of both the Union Government and the states, with some responsibilities lying with the Union and the states having autonomy for others. The various articles of the Indian Constitution provide for education as a fundamental right. Most universities in India are controlled by the Union or the State Government.

EDUCATION IN INDIA
India having a good growth in literacy still faces stern challenges :1. 2. 3. 4. 25% of its population is still illiterate Only 15% of Indian students reach high school Just 7%, of the 15% who make it to high school, graduate. The quality of education whether at primary or higher education is significantly poor as compared with major developing nations. 5. 25% of teaching positions nationwide are vacant. 6. 57% of college professors lack either a master's or PhD degree. 7. As of 2011, there are 1522 degree-granting engineering colleges in India with an annual student intake of 582,000, plus 1,244 polytechnics with an annual intake of 265,000. However, these institutions face shortage of faculty and concerns have been raised over the quality of education. India has the largest student population in the world with over 13.5cr pupils in primary education. Educating such a large population is not only an expensive task but also a very difficult one. This task is being handled primarily by the government through its school infrastructure and large Budgetary outlays.

LEVELS OF EDUCATION IN INDIA

Levels of education in India are as follows :1. Primary Education 2. Secondary Education 3. Under-Graduate Education 4. Post Graduate Education

EDUCATIONAL POLICIES IN INDIA

NATIONAL POLICY ON EDUCATION The National Policy on Education (NEP) is a policy formulated by the Government of India to promote education amongst India's people. The policy covers elementary education to colleges in both rural and urban India. i. It emphasizes three aspects in relation to elementary education: universal access and enrolment, ii. Universal retention of children up to 14 years of age, and iii. A substantial improvement in the quality of education to enable all children to achieve.

EDUCATIONAL POLICIES IN INDIA

RIGHT TO EDUCATION The landmark passing of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act 2009 marks a historic moment for the children of India. For the first time in Indias history, children will be guaranteed their right to quality elementary education by the state with the help of families and communities. Few countries in the world have such a national provision to ensure child-centered, child-friendly education to help all children develop to their fullest potential. There were an estimated eight million six to 14year-olds in India out-of-school in 2009.

EDUCATIONAL POLICIES IN INDIA

THE NATIONAL POLICY FOR CHILDREN 1974 The National Policy for Children 1974 was founded on the conviction that child development programmes are necessary to ensure equality of opportunity to these children. It provides the framework for assigning priorities to different needs of children, and for responding to them in an integrated manner. Other policies, programmes and schemes for child development have been formulated, keeping in mind the objectives of this National Policy. (i) All children shall be covered by a comprehensive health programme. (ii) Programmes shall be implemented to provide nutrition services with the object of removing deficiencies in the diet of children. (iii) Programmes will be undertaken for the general improvement of the health.

PROBLEMS AND ISSUES OF EDUCATION IN INDIA

Today Indian education is suffering from many problems. There are many and many schools, colleges, university in India likes IIMs, IITs, AIIM and Many other university, college and institute where science, medical, business, computer, engineering, media etc. and a lot of carrier builder offered in India although there is a big education problem is that many of students could not get a higher education in case of money problem.
Indian Education Census Data 2011
Persons Males Females

Total

No. of literates 560,687,797

Literacy rate 64.8% 361,870,817 58.7%

336,533,716
75.3% 223,551,641 70.7% 112,982,075 86.3%

224,154,081
53.7% 138,319,176 46.1% 85,834,905 72.9%

Rural

No. of literates Literacy rate

Urban

No. of literates 198,816,980 Literacy rate 79.9%

PROBLEMS AND ISSUES OF EDUCATION IN INDIA

1.

Workforce QualityInsufficient and Inappropriate workforce is available. Teachers with very less or no professional experiences and training are present or the no. of teachers are less for the no. of students .

2.

Funding & Infrastructure Due to insufficient funding the infrastructure of the institutions remain in a bad state . The basic facilities are not available to the students.

PROBLEMS AND ISSUES OF EDUCATION IN INDIA

3. Curriculum The curriculum in India concentrates on theory based study and less of practical and co-curricular studies causing the students to be stressed. 4. Participation - At the lower secondary level (grades nine and 10), enrolment rate is 52%, while at the senior secondary level (grades 11 and 12), it is 28%. While the enrollment rate in pre-school is merely 18%, there is a 48% drop-out rate in elementary education. 5. Controversy There are various institutes in India having a controversial record including no. of fake institutions. In 2010 , The University Grant Commission found 39 fake institutions operating in India.

PROBLEMS AND ISSUES OF EDUCATION IN INDIA

There other numerous problems like:1. For hardly very few seats in college lakhs of students give the exams and hardly a small percentage gets selected . 2. Many of the students who have performed really well till their higher secondary education cannot pursue further studies because financial constraints from families . 3. The private schools have a decided fee structure till the 12th grade . This structure is generally expensive for the poor people and hence they admit their students in government schools where there are many problems of workforce etc. 4. The girl child does not get education in rural India saying that girls are not for education and hence are not admitted to schools

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
The government has been trying its best to promote education in India . Various initiatives take have been listed below :1. Sarva Shikshan Abhiyan (SSA) - The SSA (education for all) is the prime initiative undertaken by the Central Government of India to improve the overall literacy levels and quality of education in the country. It targets to produce more number of schools , new classes , better quality of education by training teachers etc. The table below shows the improvement in the education standards by the implementation of SSA and their action plan.

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
2. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas - India faces discrimination in the field of education based on the gender of the child. The parents are more interested in getting their male children educated rather than the female children. This has led to a lower literacy rate among females compared to males. Such disparity at the higher level has been declining but at a slower pace. The government is trying to reduce this anomaly and has set up approximately 800 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas. Also, as part of the SSA, an additional 410 such vidyalayas are to be set up in educationally backward areas.

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
3. Mid Day Meal Scheme in this scheme the students are provided with mid day meals so as to promote and encourage the children to come to schools . This act is in progress since 1925 . The grain support is provided by the government .this act has helped in substantial growth of literacy rates in India. 4. Funding by implementation of educational cess - The government has imposed an Education cess on income tax to fund its various programs, which target to improve the quality and reach of education in India. This cess is used to fund programs like the SSA. Collection of Education cess will also help in keeping the cost of education in India low at all levels including schools and colleges, as subsidies and aids are provided to a large number of these institutions to improve accessibility for the lower and middle class families to educate their children.

SUGGESTIVE REMEDIES
There are numerous problems in education which can be resolved or reduced using the following methods :1. Public-Private-Partnership - In view of huge requirements of infrastructure and manpower in the field of Education and backlogs in the implementation of the SSA, the government is exploring new ways to achieve its targets, such as the public-private partnership (PPP) route. The first step is to improve the quality of education by getting content and certain school infrastructure designed and implemented by private companies. In this way the teachers can be trained , funds can be increased etc. 2. Role of Private Educators- There are approximately 50,000 private schools in India. A majority of these schools are present in the urban pockets and cater to more affluent classes. The parents whose children are studying at these schools expect a higher standard of education and have comparatively higher expectations from these schools in terms of infrastructure, facilities and courseware. There are approximately 50,000 private schools in India. A majority of these schools are present in the urban pockets and cater to more affluent classes. The parents whose children are studying at these schools expect a higher standard of education and have comparatively higher expectations from these schools in terms of infrastructure, facilities and courseware.

SUGGESTIVE REMEDIES
3. Quality of education requires teacher training - Most teachers do not have a pre-service training qualification and begin teaching in schools without any orientation In India, as many as 54% of the Primary schools (4.17lakh) have only one or two teachers. The number of primary schools with three or less teachers is a staggering 71.5% (5.49lakh). Most of the governments teacher training programs have been designed for mono-grade teaching situations.
Hence it is really important to train teachers to improve the quality of education . Companies like Educomp also provide professional training to these teachers as a part of their joint ventures. 4. Demand of education in regional languages - As per the Right to Education Bill 2005, it is the intent of the government to provide education to children in their mother tongue or the appropriate regional languages. The motivation of the government is due to the fact that the child would understand instructions easily in his/her mother tongue and thus, the quality of education would be better.

NEED FOR MULTIMEDIA-BASED EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS

One of the innovative ways to teach students is through the use of multimedia. Multimedia helps the child to understand the instructions and courseware better thereby enhancing the quality of instructions by explaining the content graphically wherever needed. Companies like Educomp and Everonn provide various products that enhance the capabilities of teachers and help students understand the courseware better, leading to a significant improvement in the quality of education imparted. Out of the 50,000 private schools in India, 1012,000 charge a fee of over Rs1,000 per month per student. These schools are the immediately addressable market for such courseware.

NEED FOR MULTIMEDIA-BASED EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS

CONCLUSION
The future of the nation depends upon the literacy rate which ultimately depends on the Education so Education in India needs to be taken seriously, in order to make India compete with other nations and stand out as a winner. In the Report we found that there were many problems which were responsible for poor literacy rates. To overcome these initiatives were taken by the government to create awareness of the importance of education. The government also focused on the education of the girl child as girls were not educated then. The government also introduced the Mid day meal scheme which provided afternoon meals to students of the government school. Many steps were initiated by the government to improve education in India but still there are some loopholes in the education system. So better policies should be formulated, initiatives must be taken and the problem must be overcome . This can happen by creating awareness amongst people.