1.

3 Understanding Scalar & Vector Quantities

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Chapter 1 Introduction To Physics

1.3 Understanding Scalar & Vector Quantities
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Learning Outcomes
Define scalar and vector quantities Give examples of scalar and vector quantities

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Physical Quantities
Scalar Magnitude no direction
Length, mass, time electric current, temperature, area, distance, speed, energy,density,power

vector Magnitude direction

Displacement, velocity, force, Acceleration, Momentum, weight, impulse, pressure

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Conduct simple activity (pg 10)

O 8m A 14 m
16 m

Physics Lab Plan

Idea : distance & displacement ; speed & velocity

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Distance = total length of the path travelled Displacement = distance travelled from its initial position to its final position
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Total Displacement, time, distanc d/m t/s e, s/m A 8 8 from O to A 2.40

speed/ m s-1 3.33

velocity/ m s-1 3.33 from O to A 3.03 1.83 0.00

B 22 C 30 O 44

16 from O to B 5.28 14 from O to C 0 from O to O 7.65

4.17 3.92

10.32 4.26

Displacement = distance travelled from its initial position to its final position
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Total Displacement, time, distanc d/m t/s e, s/m A 8 ___ from O to 7.51 A B 22 C 30 O 44 ___ from O to B

speed/ m s-1 1.07

velocity/ m s-1 1.07 from O to A 1.03 0.63 0.00

15.51 1.42

___ from O to 22.05 1.36 C ___ from O to O 25.50 1.73

Displacement = distance travelled from its initial position to its final position
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Total Displacement time, distance , d/m t/s , s/m A 9.0 9 from O to 3.13 A B 15.5 11.1 from O to B 5.34

speed/ m s-1 2.87

velocity/ m s-1 2.87 from O to A 2.08 from O to B 0.79 from O to C 0.00 from O to O

2.90

C 24.5

6.5 from O to 8.24 C

2.97

O 31.0

0 from O to O 10.67 2.90

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Scalar Quantities

Vector Quantities

e.g: distance, Displacement speed , velocity

Has Has magnitude but magnitude no direction and direction
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Addition Scalar & Vector Quantities

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Adding Scalar Quantity

Can be added, subtracted, multiplied and divided like ordinary numbers. e.g: (a) 3 kg of sand is added to 1 kg cement, resulting mixture has a mass of 4 kg (b) 5 liters of water are poured from a pail that has 8 liters of water in it. The resulting volume is 3 liters No direction is involved!
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Scalar Quantities

5 kg

10 kg

Total mass

= 5 + 10 = 15 kg

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Adding Vector Quantity

An arrow is used to represent the magnitude and direction of a vector quantity.

Same direction = sum Opposite direction = minus

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eg. 1

50 N Total Force*

30 N = 50 + 30 = 80 N (80 N due west//to the left)

*=resultant force//net force

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eg. 2

50 N Total Force

10 N = 50 - 10 = 40 N (40 N due west//to the left)

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eg. 3

50 N
Total Force = = 50 - 50 0N

50 N

(object is not moving//at rest//stationary)

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How much is the resultant force?

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Adding Vector Quantity

An arrow is used to represent the magnitude and direction of a vector quantity. e.g : velocity of airplane = 100 km/h wind velocity = 20 km/h
(a) If same direction,

Resulting velocity of airplane= 100 + 20 = 120 km/h (a) If opposite direction, resulting velocity of airplane = 100 -20 = 80 km/h
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Special Case: Non-parallel vectors

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Case 1

Two vectors acting at a point can be replaced by a single vector with the same effect.
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Case 2

Resultant Vector

Two vectors acting at a point can be replaced by a single vector with the same effect.
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Homework

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1. Jeremy walked 3 m due east, and then 4 m due north. (a) What is his total distance? 3m+4m=7m (b) What is his displacement? 5m
5m

4m

3m

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2. Every morning Amirul walks to Badruls house which is situated 80m to the east of Amiruls house. They then walks towards their school which is 60m to the south of Badruls house. What is the distance traveled by Amirul and his displacement from his house?

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