Power Supply

Chapter 12

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Chapter Objectives
Define Power Supply

Differentiate between Regulated and unregulated

Power Supply Differentiate between Linear and Switched Mode Power Supply List the blocks of Power Supply Explain the working of Switched Mode Power Supply Troubleshoot SMPS

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Recall
Transistor is a three terminal electronic device used

for amplifying weak input signals A transistor consists of two PN-junction diodes that are connected back to back There are different types of transistors : Bipolar junction transistors (BJT) Field effect transistors (FET) phototransistors

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Concept of Power Supply

Power Supply is a system that converts high voltage

AC to desired DC voltage.
A computer power supply unit converts high power

AC into multiple DC voltages.

Low voltage DC power is usually integrated with

computers

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Regulated Power Supply

Used with electrical equipments for maintaining a

constant voltage even when the input voltage is fluctuating Combination of four circuits: Transformer Bridge rectifier Filter Voltage regulator

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Question for GD Time Limit-2mins

What are the four main circuits used in a regulated

power supply?

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Transformer
Used to transfer alternating signal from one circuit to

another
The principle on which transformer action is based on

is called as electromagnetic mutual inductance.

Can be used to step-up or step-down the signals

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Question for GD Time Limit 2mins

What is transformer?

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Bridge Rectifier
Converts the transformer secondary AC voltage into

pulsating DC voltage
Consists of four diodes arranged so that current can

flow in only one direction through the load

To get a smooth and constant supply voltage, the

rectifier circuit is followed immediately by a filter

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Filter
Used to convert the pulsating DC provided by the

rectifier into the steady DC voltage required for electronic circuits

Types of Filter

Capacitor Filter
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Choke Input Filter

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Capacitor Input Filter

Question for GD Time Limit-2mins

What is the difference between Rectifier and Filter?

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Capacitor Filter
Consists of a capacitor

placed across the rectifier output and in parallel with the load RL Extremely popular because of: Low cost Small size Little weight Good characteristics Commonly used in transistor radio battery eliminators
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Hands on
Perform practical on Capacitor Filter

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Choke Input Filter

Consists of a choke L connected in series with the

rectifier output and a filter capacitor C across the load

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Hands on
Perform Practical on Choke Filter

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Capacitor Input Filter or Filter

Consists of a filter capacitor C1 connected across the

rectifier output, a choke L in series and another filter capacitor C2 connected across the load

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Question for GD Time Limit-2mins

What is the difference between capacitor filter and

Capacitor input filter.

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Regulator
Maintains the output

voltage of an ordinary power supply constant irrespective of load variations or changes in input AC voltage Basic types: Series voltage regulator Shunt voltage regulator
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Unregulated Power supply

In Unregulated Power supply, the output voltage may

vary with the input voltage and the load current.

An Unregulated power supply is a combination of four

circuits which are as follows:

Transformer Rectifier Filter Resistor

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Linear Power Supply

Linear Power Supply uses transformer to convert AC

voltage to a lower voltage A rectifier to convert the AC voltage to DC voltage. A capacitor is used to smooth the pulsating current from rectifier Linear regulator is used to control ripple and noise. Battery is a linear power supply.

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Question for GD Time Limit-2mins

What is the difference between regulated and

unregulated power supply and Linear power supply?

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Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS)

Controls the energy flow by using power

semiconductors
Switched mode power supplies are also smaller in

size and lighter in weight.

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Hands on
Check various output voltages of SMPS and output of

LPS

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Use of SMPS -I
Step-Down SMPS can be used to step down the

fluctuating DC input voltage to generate a steady output voltage

Step-Up SMPS can be used to step up the fluctuating

DC input voltage to generate a steady output voltage

Can be used to invert the input DC voltage Can be used to generate multiple DC outputs
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Use of SMPS - II
Can be used in computers, television receivers and

battery chargers
Can be used in supplying variable DC voltage to the

armature of DC motor in a fluctuating speed drive

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Question for GD Time Limit-2mins

Mention the internal part of SMPS

1._________ 2._________ 3._________ 4._________ 5._________

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Building blocks of power supply I

Block diagram of SMPS is given below.

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Building blocks of power supply-II

Blocks of SMPS consist of following sections:

Primary Rectifier It consists of a combination of 4 diodes or rectifier device having 4 terminals. It converts the AC in to pulsating DC Primary Filter Converts the pulsating DC into almost DC.

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Building blocks of power supply III

Switching Transistor Consist of pair of rectangular power transistors. Secondary Transformer Secondary transformer is a main bigger transformer with transformer number LPW050002800.

Secondary Rectifier Consists of two groups of diodes, secondary positive rectifier and secondary negative rectifier
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Building blocks of power supply IV

Secondary Filter Consists of inductors and electrolytic capacitors Pulse width modulator This component modulates the duty cycle of the output signal and directs it as an input to the driver transistor and driver transformer

Driver Transistor and Driver Transformer The power transistor and driver transistor is coupled using driver transformer.
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Building blocks of power supply -V

Output Section Output section of the power supply consists of two 6 pin connectors for the motherboard in AT Power supply, four 4 pin connectors for HDD, FDD, and CD ROM drive Power Good Signal This is either designed around IC 339 or simply with a BC147 transistor.

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Question for GD Time Limit-2mins

What is the use of SMPS

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Hands on
Testing transistors of a SMPS

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Working of SMPS - I
Working of SMPS having different stages as given

below:

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Working of SMPS - II
First stage is to convert AC input to DC which is

known as rectification The inverter converts DC to AC by using power Oscillator Output transformer stage converts the voltage up or down to the required output level on its secondary winding Then rectified output is smoothened by filter consisting of inductors and capacitors.

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Hands on
Perform practical to check voltages at various points

in a SMPS

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Troubleshoot SMPS - I
The main reason for a SMPS to fail is due to

overloading or due to the fluctuation which may occur in the current SMPS failures are due to : Blown out fuse Rectifier diode in the secondary circuit being shorted due to overloading Capacitor of the SMPS dried up Faulty connection that may be caused due to broken or improper soldering and due to fluctuation in voltage.
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Troubleshoot SMPS -II

Some of the general troubleshooting approaches are:

Open the SMPS and check the filter capacitor voltage and discharge the capacitor Check for loose contacts, blown fuses, burst out filter capacitor and switching and power start transistors Check resistors, transistors and diodes for open circuit or short circuit Replace the parts that you find out to be defective

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Summary - I
DC power supply in which the output voltage is

maintained at a constant level is called as a regulated DC power supply

Four circuits which form a regulated power supply are

transformer, bridge rectifier, filter and voltage regulator

Transformer is used for transferring alternating signal

from one circuit to another

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Summary - II
Bridge rectifier converts the transformer secondary

AC voltage into pulsating DC voltage

Filter is used for converting pulsating DC into steady

DC voltage
Device which maintains the output voltage of an

ordinary power supply constant irrespective of load variations or changes in input AC voltage is known as a voltage regulator

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Summary - III
Linear Power Supply uses transformer to convert AC

voltage to a lower voltage and a rectifier to convert the AC voltage to DC voltage.

Device in which the flow of energy is controlled by

using power semiconductors which are constantly switching on and off with high frequency is called as switch mode power supply or SMPS
SMPS failures occur because of the blown out fuse or

when the capacitor of the SMPS is being dried up

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Mind Map
Draw a mind map to summarize this chapter

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