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resulting negative effect on a persons health. Addiction is the habitual use of a drug produced chemical changes in the users body. Drug Addiction (four important characteristics)
Compulsive desire 2. Need to increase the dosage 3. Harmful effects to the individual 4. Harm to society
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Substance dependence
1. Developing tolerance to the substance 2. Experiencing withdrawal 3. Taking in larger amounts 4. Expressing a persistent desire to cut down 5. Spending great deal of time obtaining 6. Giving up or reducing important activities 7. Continual usage even with recognition of a problem
Diagnosed with at least 3 or more symptoms
All income and education levels All ethnic groups All ages Young people are at a higher risk Males (Twice as likely) Troubled adolescent Thrill-seeker Dysfunctional families Peer group or family that accepts Low Socio-economical status Dating young
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Experiment Escape Reliance Magnification of residence (i.e. the need for escape
Psychological risks
Difficulty in controlling impulses Strong need for excitement Feelings of rejection Hostility Aggression Anxiety Mental illness Dual (co-occurring disorders)
Social Factors
Growing up in a family with drug abuse Peer group Poverty
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Intoxication
Side effects
Unknown drug constituents Risks associated with injection drug use
Legal consequences
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Opioids (narcotics)
Natural or synthetic (laboratory-made) Opium, morphine, heroin, methadone, codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, meperidine, and fentanly Effects on the body: induced euphoria Methods of administration Injection, snorting, sniffing or smoking Symptoms of overdose: respiratory depression, coma,
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coordination, induce drowsiness Medical uses: Treat insomnia and anxiety disorders; control seizures From use to abuse (Club Drugs) Overdosing may result in respiratory complications
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system
Cocaine Methods of use (snort or injection) Effects (euphoria sensation for ~5 to 20 minutes) Use during pregnancy (consequences include: miscarriage, premature labor, stillbirth, and low-birth-weight baby)
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Amphetamines Effects (increase in alertness) Dependence (may lead to the development of a temporary state of paranoid psychosis or delusion)
Ritalin (used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity
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Cannabis Sativa
THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)
Short term effects and uses: euphoria, increases in
sensation, relaxed attitude Long-term effects and uses: respiratory damage such as impaired lung function and chronic bronchial irritation
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thoughts LSD, Mascaline, DMT, MDMA, Ketamine, PCP (angel dust), and certain mushrooms Altered states of consciousness Flashbacks are perceptual distortions and bizarre thoughts that occur after the drug has been entirely eliminated from the body.
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anesthetics, slow down the bodies functions Volatile solvents Nitrates Anesthetics Methods of use
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Medication-assisted treatment Drug substitution Treatment centers Self-help groups and peer counseling
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Tobacco
Use of Tobacco
71 Million Americans, including 13.7 million college-aged Americans. 2008, nearly 21% of Americans age 18 describe themselves as current smokers.
Nicotine Addiction Powerful psychoactive drug Reaches Brain via bloodstream in seconds Most physically addictive of the psychoactive drugs. Loss of control Tolerance and Withdrawal
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Children and teenagers make-up 90% of all new smokers in this country. Thousands of children and adolescents (12-17) start smoking everyday. Average age
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A parent or sibling uses tobacco Peers use tobacco Child comes from blue-collar family Child comes from low-income home Single parent. Performs poorly in school Child drops out of school Has positive attitudes towards tobacco
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Health Hazards
Contains hundreds of damaging chemical substances,
including acetone (nail polish remover), ammonia, hexamine (lighter fluid), and toluene (industrial solvent). Unfiltered cigarettes = 5 billion particles per cubic mm 50,000 times more than polluted urban air Condensed particles in the cigarette produce the tar (brown, sticky mass)
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Cocarcinogens
Combine with other chemicals to cause cancer (e.g., formaldehyde)
Poisonous substances
Arsenic (e.g., insectides and weed killers) Hydrogen cyanide (e.g., flammable liquid used in dye)
Carbon monoxide
400 times greater than is considered safe in industrial workplaces Displaces oxygen in red blood cells
Additives
Nearly 600 chemicals
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Ulcers Impotence Reproductive health problems Dental diseases Diminished physical senses Injuries Cosmetic concerns Economic costs
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Cumulative Effects
Males before 15 yrs. old are half as likely to live to 75 versus those who did not smoke Females with similar habits reduce life expectancy by more than 10 years Female smokers spend 17% more sick days in bed than nonsmokers Both men and women show a greater rate of acute and chronic diseases
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ETS as a class A carcinogen Department of Health and Human Services National Toxicology Program - known human carcinogen Surgeon General 2006 there is no safe level of exposure to ETS; even brief exposure can cause serious harm.
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Mainstream smoke
Smoke exhaled by smokers Smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe.
Sidestream smoke
85% of smoke in a room is second hand Twice the tar and nicotine Three times the benzo(a)pyrene Three times the ammonia
Smoke from a cigar can be even more dangerous
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ETS Effects
Develop cough, headaches, nasal discomfort, eye irritation, breathlessness and sinus problems Allergies will be exacerbated Causes 3,000 deaths due to lung cancer Contributes to about 35,000 overall deaths each year. 20% increase in the progression of atherosclerosis. Contributes to increased asthma attacks
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http://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=0hySFt8O11A
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Cancer Survivor
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Bronchitis, pneumonia,& respiratory infections More complications from asthma Increased chance of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) Low-birth weight Bronchitis
Chemicals from smoking show up in breast milk Children inhale three times more pollutants per unit of body weight than adults.
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43 states filed suit against tobacco companies to recoup public health care expenditures Tobacco companies have to pay $206 billion over 25 years. Limits or bans certain types of advertising, promotions, and lobbying.
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50.2 % of all adults who have smoked have quit. The Benefits of Quitting Options for quitting Smoking cessation programs 1-800-QUITNOW
http://www.videojug.com/interview/the-benefits-of-quitting-smoking-2
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Alcohol
Two times the percentage concentration 7calories per gram 1 drink 14-17 grams or 100-120 calories
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Absorption
20% is rapidly absorbed from the stomach 75% is absorbed in the upper small intestines Remain is absorbed along the GI track Absorption Carbonation Food in the stomach slows the absorption Eventually all the alcohol ingested will be absorbed
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bloodstream. Easily moves through most biological membranes Main site for metabolism is the Liver. 2-20% of ingested alcohol is not metabolized.
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awake or asleep
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than 40 times more likely to be involved in a crash. Greater than 0.14% the risk of fatal crash is estimated to be 380 times higher.
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Two people who were with him were also killed when, according to police, a minivan ran a red light at a Fullerton intersection and broadsided the gray Mitsubishi they were in. The driver of the minivan, Andrew Thomas Gallo, 22, of Riverside, was arrested on suspicion of drunken driving, hit and run and manslaughter.
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Responsible for the most common form of liver cancer Breast cancer
Hepatitis speeds the growth of this cancer Increase risk when 2-3 drinks per day
Brain Damage
Cognitive impairments Memory loss, dementia, and compromised problem-solving Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (brain damage) Alcoholics average life expectancy is about 15 years less than non-alcoholics
Mortality
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Full-blown FAS occurs in up to 15 out of every 10,000 live births in the U.S. Under weight, flat nasal bridge, and long upper lip. Small and have heart defects. Physical and mental growth is slowed. Remain mentally impaired. Fine motor skill problems, coordination, learning and behavioral problems (ADS). Alcohol-related neurodevelopment disorder (ARND).
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than heavy users. 35 years old and younger, your odds of dying increase in proportion to the amount consumed Moderate drinking = one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men.
May lower coronary heart disease. Raising blood levels of HDL. May lower risks of diabetes, arterial blockages, Alzheimers
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defines:
National Survey on Drug Use and Health defines: Having five drinks in row for a man or four in a
Pattern of alcohol use that brings a persons BAC up to 0.08 or above (typically four drinks for a male or three for a women) within two hours. a women within two hours.
row for
times more likely than non-binge drinkers to engage in unplanned or unprotected sex Healthy People 2010 Reduce the rate of binge drinking to 20% among college students
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Alcoholism
Patterns and Prevalence 1. Regular daily intake of large amounts 2. Regular heavy drinking limited to weekends 3. Long periods of sobriety interspersed with binges or daily heavy drinking 4. Heavy drinking limited to periods of stress Health Effects DTs (delirium tremens) paranoia Social and Psychological effects Causes of Alcoholism
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTPjlN7VR7c
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Treatment Programs
Not one program works for everyone.
AA. 12-step program Employee Assistance. Inpatient hospital rehabilitation Pharmacological treatments. Disulfiram (Antabuse) Inhibits the metabolic breakdown Naltrexone (ReVia, Depade) Reduces the craving for alcohol and decreases its pleasant effects. Injectable Naltrexone (Vivtrol) single monthly shot Acamprosate (Campral) Acts on brain pathways related to alcohol abuse.
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teens or twenties) Other men (remain controlled drinkers until later in life) Women (alcoholism often occurs later in life) African Americans (alcohol abuse usually found in African Americans) Latinos (drinking patterns vary) Asian Americans (low rate of alcohol abuse) American Indians and Alaska Natives (excessive drinking varies from tribe to tribe)
http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=5024746n
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