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A noun (or a substantive) (Arabic: = a name") is a name or an attribute of a person (Muhammad / Ahmad), place (Makkah), thing (House), or quality

ty (Honour).

Hazaa -
A type of preposition This = used for masculine This = used for feminine These = used for both

Dual

These two = used for feminine

These two = used for feminine

Hazaa -
use a Masculine Word e.g. use a Feminine Word e.g. use any plural Word

Why is feminine? Answer: It has a at the end. So every word with at the end is a feminine word!

Maa

The word maa can mean several things in Arabic.: It can be an interrogative pronoun meaning "what?" It can be a relative pronoun meaning "what..." It can be a negative word meaning "not."

Maa

Interrogative Pronoun What ... ? what is your name? Relative Pronoun What ... what you did was outrageous Negative Word not you can not do that Indefinite ever whatever you do, I'll find out about it

Maa In conclusion:

has many meanings depending on where it comes in a sentence and in what context. In our example it is the interrogative pronoun.

Hamza Istafihaam -

can come before a noun or verb (preposition) If before a noun it would mean: is this? Or is this a.?

Or if before a verb then: did..?

M-an - and

in Arabic means who

in Arabic means and

Lesson 2 -

means That So would mean what is that?

Lesson 3 - Sentences

We are now joining 2 words together to create a simple sentence


This sentence will be called: Jumlah Ismiyah (A noun sentence) It is called Ismiyah (noun) because the first word in these sentences begin with a noun

Lesson 3 - Sentences

So if the sentence begins with a verb, it would be called: Jumlah Faliyah (A verb Sentence) Conclusion: There can only ever be 2 types of sentances: Ismiyah and Faliyah! (Noun or verb Sentence)

An Example
Doesnt matter what second word is. Noun / verb. Still a Jumlah Ismiyah.

The door is open.


1st word, Door is a noun = Ism. So this sentence is: Jumlah Ismiyah

Lets break this down.

First word: (The Door) Notice at the start? This is the definite Article. = The Door

An Example

The door is open. Second Word: ( Open) Notice there is no at the start? So we can use A definite Subject (The Door) and a non-definite predicate (open) together!

An Example

The door is open. Finally all Nouns (ism) end in 2 pesh (Dhammah), also known as Tanween. When there is a at the beginning of a word, then the tanween will no longer be there and a single harkaat would replace it: One pesh

Lesson 3 - Continued

Lesson 4
In todays lesson we will see for the first time what changes the Harakaat of the last letter in a word! New Huroof today: In On He She Where

Continued
These Huroof change the word after it: In On
There Huroof do not change the word after it: He She Where

Continued
Puts a Kasrah (Zer) on the last letter of next word: In On Doesnt affect anything: He She Where

An example
In the Masjid On the Table He is Ahmad She is Aisha Where is Muhammad

An example

Why has this got one kasra? And not two?

Why has this got two dhammah? And not one?

Why has this got one dhammah? And not two?

Lesson 4 continued

Genitive case

Nominative case

Lesson 4 Key Facts


In this lesson we learnt the use of prepositions
Some change the ending of a word (last harakaat, also known as Iraab e.g. Zabr, Zer, Pesh) and some do not change anything

The ones that change the Iraab are:


Zer Iraab Zer Iraab

Lesson 4 Key Facts

A word in its normal state (nominative case) i.e. Normal ending with a Pesh or 2 Pesh, is called A word preceded by a preposition is said to be in a genitive case i.e. Not a normal ending, but ending with a Zer. This state is called

Lesson 4 Key Facts


Nominative case


Genitive case

Lesson 4 Key Facts


because


Nominative case


because Genitive case

Lesson 4 Key Facts


Conclusion:

A word with no preposition and/or ends in one pesh or two pesh is called: A word with a preposition before it and/or ends in one Zer or two Zer is called:

Lesson 4 Key Facts

We also learnt some new pronouns: Me (Same for both masculine and feminine) You (one male) From To

1. 2. 3. 4.

Lesson 4 Key Facts


Verbs
Last lesson we were introduced to out first Verbs (doing word).
1.
2.

Kha-ra-ja He Exited Zha-ha-ba He Went

Notice: He? This particular verb can only be used for a single person who is male and not present

Lesson 4 Key Facts


So the verb Kha-ra-ja would grammatically be described as: Single Male Not present In Arabic this would be termed as follows: Waahid Muzakar Ghaaib
(learn these 3 terms by heart please)

Lesson 4 Key Facts

Lesson 4 Key Facts

Lesson 4 Key Facts


Lesson 4 Key Facts

Lesson 5
Possession Muhammads Book
1.

The book belongs to Muhammad. So first lets write the Arabic for each word

2.

Lesson 5
Possession
Muhammads Book or Book of Muhammad

Lesson 5
Possession

Muhammads Book =

Lesson 5
Possession Muhammads Book

What can you see different in this? Notice the Iraab? One pesh + Two Zer?

Lesson 5
Possession Muhammads Book

Lets break this down: Firstly what state is Kitaab in? What state is Muhammad in?

Lesson 5
Possession Muhammads Book
1.

Why does Kitaab have only one pesh? There is no Alif Laam.? Why does Muhammad have a Two Zer? There is no Preposition

2.

Lesson 5
Possession Muhammads Book

This is because of a Grammar Law in Arabic, which is:

The Possessed object can not take a Tanween and also cant take a .It is definite by position. Does not need definite article.

Lesson 5
Possession Muhammads Book

This is because of a Grammar Law in Arabic, which is:

The possessor is always Majroor by default. This indicates it is possessed.

Lesson 5
Possession Muhammads Book

Mudhaf Ilaihi

Mudhaaf

Lesson 5

( al-idhaafah) is a relationship between two nouns with a hidden particle of Jarr (like fee, min, alaa or ilaa)

The first noun is called ( Mudhaaf) and the second noun is called (Mudhaaf ilaih).

Lesson 5
Important facts about al-Idaafah:
1. 2.

3.

4.

5.

The mudaaf cannot take alif-laam The mudaaf cannot take tanween (whereas the mudaaf ilayhi can) The default state for the mudaaf is that it takes a (single) dhammah The mudaaf ilayhi will [99% of the time] always take a kasrah A preposition has been omitted - Hidden

Lesson 5
New Words: Vocative particle O

A noun following has only one Dhammah.


Under. A noun following is because it is Mudhaaf Ilaihi.

Lesson 5

New Word: there

Lesson 5

New Word: Under

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