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CCS-532 Ref: Chapter 1 & 2: Dorf, R. C. & Bishop, R. H. , Modern Control Systems Chapter 1 & 2: Nise, N. S. Control System Engineering
Systems
What is Control?
Manual versus Automatic Control
Control is the process of causing a system variable (e.temperature, position) to conform to some desired value or trajectory, called reference value or trajectory Example: driving a car implies controlling the vehicle to follow the desired path and arrive safely at a planned destination
If you drive the car yourself, you are performing a manual control of the car. If you design a machine (or use a computer) to do it, then you build an automatic control system
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Response of a position controls Systems showing effects of hi and low controller gain on the output response.
Example 2: Antenna Positioning Control System Original system: the antenna with electric motor drive systems.
Figure 1.8
The search for extraterrestrial life is being carried out with radio antennas like the one pictured here. A radio antenna is an example of a system with position controls.
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
Peter Menzel.
Figure 1.9
a. system concept; b. detailed layout; c. schematic;
Performance
Robustness
Design (Synthesis) Design a new system or compensate (modify) an existing system for
1. Stability guarantee
Analysis and Design in the Course Modeling Laplace transforms and transfer functions, state-space model
Time-domain method Time-domain performance specifications Stability, transient and steady-state responses Complex-domain method Root locus method for analysis and design of control systems Frequency-domain method Frequency-domain performance specifications Nyquist plots and Bode diagrams for analysis and design of control systems Analysis and design methods based on state-space models
Additional considerations:
4. Robustness (insensitivity to parameter variation) 5. Cost of control
6. System reliability
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. Nise Copyright 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. Nise Copyright 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Figure 1.3
Rover was built to work in contaminated areas at Three Mile Island in Middleton, PA, where a nuclear accident occurred in 1979. The remote controlled robots long arm can be seen at the front of the vehicle.
Photo Hank Morgan/Rainbow/PNI.
Figure 1.4
a. Video laser disc player;
(a)
b. objective lens reading pits on a laser disc; c. optical path for play back showing tracking mirror rotated by a control system to keep the laser beam positioned on the pits.
(b)
(c)
Figure 1.7 Computer hard disk drive, showing disks and read/write head
a. open-loop system;
b. closed-loop system
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Table 1.1
Test waveforms used in control systems
J. Ayers, 1988.
1997, ASME.
1997, ASME.