SHIKSHAPEETH CDD PRESENTS

SHIKSHAPEETH COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY

Distrust in Statistics.
Statistics can prove anything. There are three type of lies lies, damned lies and statistics wicked in the order of their naming. The main reasons for such views are a) Figures are convincing, and therefore people are easily led to believe them. b) Ignorance of limitation of statistics. c) Lack of test of accuracy. d) Contradiction of data from actual circumstances. e) Lack of specific ability to arrive at correct and appropriate results. f) Can easily be manipulated.

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Functions and importance/utility of Statistics.

Statistical methods are used not only in the social, economic and political fields but in every field of science and knowledge. Statistical analysis has become more significant in global relations and in the age of fast developing information technology. Following are some of the important functions of Statistics : a) To provide numerical facts. b) To simplify complex facts. c) To enlarge human knowledge and experience. d) Helps in formulation of policies. e) To provide comparison.

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Functions and importance/utility of Statistics.

f) To establish mutual relations. g) Helps in forecasting. h) Test the accuracy of scientific theories. i) To study extensively and intensively.
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Functions and importance/utility of Statistics.

The use of statistics has become almost essential in order to clearly understand and solve a problem. Statistics proves to be much useful in unfamiliar fields of application and complex situations such as : a) Planning b) Administration c) Economics d) Trade & Commerce e) Production management f) Quality control g) Helpful in inspection h) Insurance business i) Railways & transport Co

SHIKSHAPEETH COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY

Problems with Census Data

Category mismatch Changes in category definition The time period during which secondary data were collected Using data that are too old

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Limitations of statistics
(1) Statistics laws are true on average. Statistics are aggregates of facts. So single observation is not a statistics, it deals with groups and aggregates only. (2) Statistical methods are best applicable on quantitative data. (3) Statistical cannot be applied to heterogeneous data. (4) It sufficient care is not exercised in collecting, analyzing and interpretation the data, statistical results might be misleading. (5) Only a person who has an expert knowledge of statistics can handle statistical data efficiently. (6) Some errors are possible in statistical decisions. Particularly the inferential statistics involves certain errors. We do not know whether an error has been committed or
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Census Investigation
census is conducted in an attempted to get an answer from all people in a geographical area. A census is a statistical enumeration and analysis of a certain population, be it humans, animals

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Planning and execution of statistics investigation

Establish a study program, target direction and rough planning of the sequence of multiple trials in a row
Planning of a single trial within such a program Create study protocol that contains
Goals and the hypothesis to be checked Trial design Criteria for including or excluding patients Treatment (drug, dosage, etc.) Statistical evaluation methods

Planning and execution of statistics investigation

(Overall planning A ) (Design and selection of samples B ) (Design of questionnaires C ) (Collection of raw data D ) (Compilation and analysis of statistics and dissemination of survey results E )

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AVERAGE
Average refers to the sum of numbers divided by n. Also called the mean average.Sums of data divided by the number of items in the data will give the mean average. The mean average is used quite regularly to determine final math marks over a term or semester. Averages are often used in sports: batting averages which means number of hits to number of times at bat. Gas mileage is determined by using averages.
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Function of Mean
The arithmetic average is the most popularly used measure of central tendency. There are many reasons for its popularity. (i) The first condition that an average should be rigidly defined is fulfilled by the arithmetic average. (ii) The second function that an average should be based on all the observations of a series is also found in this average.
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Features of Good Average

1. Simplicity: The fundamental feature of the average is that it should be easy calculate and simple to follow. 2. Representation: Average should represent the entire mass of data.

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 3. Rigidly Defined: Averages should be rigidly defined. If it is so, instability in its value will be no more and would always be a definite figure. 4. Algebraic Treatment: Averages are always capable of further algebraic treatment.

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 5. Clear and Stable Definition: A good average should have a clear and stable definition. 6. Absolute Number: A good average should be an absolute number. 7. Effect of fluctuations of Sampling:
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IT IS A PRESENTATION BY SHIKSHAPEETH CDD

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