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In the last lecture we discussed: An isothermal flash separations The derivation and solution of the Rachford Rice equation Newtons iterative procedure to solve for the roots of the RR equation A numerical example to demonstrate this approach.
This lecture will cover: An example of using the Rachford Rice Procedure with a simple spreadsheet Bubble point and Dew Point temperature and pressure calculations An example of a dew point temperature calculation
F, zi, TF, PF Q
V, yi, TV, PV
Liquid out
L, xi, TL, PL Common Specifications: TV,PV Isothermal Flash V/F=0, PL Bubble-Point Temperature V/F=1, PV Dew-Point Temperature V/F=0, TL Bubble-Point Pressure V/F=1, TV Dew-Point Pressure Q=0, PV Adiabatic Flash Q, PV Nonadiabatic flash V/F, PV Percent Vaporization Flash
Lecture 6: Bubble and Dew Point
Last lecture
F, zi, TF, PF Q
V, yi, TV, PV
Liquid out
Step 4:
Steps 5 and 6:
Zi Ki 1
Yi
Ki Zi Ki 1
Step 7:
Step 8:
Lecture 6: Bubble and Dew Point
Determine L Determine Q
L F F
F, zi, TF, PF Q
L, xi, TL, PL At the bubble point there is equilibrium between the vapor and liquid phases, but the system is completely liquid and thus the vapor fraction is zero.
f ( )
f (0) Zi K i 1 0
i
Zi K i 1 0 i K i 1
Zi Ki 1
i
4
F, zi, TF, PF Q
L, xi, TL, PL At the bubble point there is equilibrium between the vapor and liquid phases, but the system is completely liquid and thus the vapor fraction is zero.
f ( )
f (0) Zi K i 1 0
i
Zi K i 1 0 i K i 1
Zi Ki 1
i
5
F, zi, TF, PF Q
V, yi, TV, PV
Liquid out
L=0, xi, TL, PL At the dew point there is equilibrium between the vapor and liquid phases, but the system is completely vapor and thus the vapor fraction is one.
f ( ) Z K 1 f (1) i i 0 Ki i
Lecture 6: Bubble and Dew Point
Zi K i 1 0 i K i 1
Zi 1 i Ki
6
F, zi, TF, PF Q
V, yi, TV, PV
Liquid out
L=0, xi, TL, PL At the dew point there is equilibrium between the vapor and liquid phases, but the system is completely vapor and thus the vapor fraction is one.
f ( ) Z K 1 f (1) i i 0 Ki i
Lecture 6: Bubble and Dew Point
Zi K i 1 0 i K i 1
Zi 1 i Ki
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Zi Ki 1
i
Z i 1
i Ki
Dew Point
Bubble Point or Dew Point Temperature Procedure: Step 1: Guess a temperature. Step 2: Use the given product pressure and guess temperature to determine the K-values from the DePriester chart. Step 3: Calculate the Rachford Rice expression appropriate to the equilibrium condition. Step 4: Guess a new higher temperature if K values must be higher. Otherwise, guess a lower temperature. Step 5: Repeat Steps 3 and 4 until the Rachford Rice equation is satisfied. Bubble Point or Dew Point Pressure Procedure: Step 1: Guess a pressure. Step 2: Use the given product temperature and guess pressure to determine the K-values from the DePriester chart. Step 3: Calculate the Rachford Rice expression appropriate to the equilibrium condition. Step 4: Guess a new lower pressure if K values must be higher. Otherwise, guess a higher pressure. Step 5: Repeat Steps 3 and 4 until the Rachford Rice equation is satisfied.
Lecture 6: Bubble and Dew Point
Example: Rachford-Rice
A flash chamber operating 80 degrees C and 500kPa is separating 1000 kg moles/hr of a feed that is 10 mole %ethane, 5 mole %propane, 15 % n-butane, 10 % n-pentane, 12 mole % isopentane, 8 mole %n-hexane, 30 mole %heptane and 10% nonane.
x1 (ethane) = 0.033 x2 (propane) = 0.029 x3 (n-butane) = 0.128 x4 (n-pentane) = 0.123 x5 (isopentane) = 0.105 x6 (n-hexane) = 0.093 x7 (heptane) = 0.365 x8 (nonane) = 0.125
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Zi i Ki
Zi i Ki
x1 (n-butane) = x2 (n-pentane) = x3 (n-hexane) = x4 (heptane) =
Zi i Ki
Zi i Ki
V/F= T=
12
Zi Ki
i
V/F= P=
Zi Ki
i
x1 (n-butane) = 0.15 x2 (n-pentane) = 0.20 x3 (n-hexane) = 0.25 x4 (heptane) = 0.4
Zi Ki
i
y1 (n-butane) = y2 (n-pentane) = y3 (n-hexane) = y4 (heptane) =
Zi Ki
i
13
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Summary
This lecture covered: Using a simple spreadsheet to apply the Rachford Rice Procedure Bubble point and Dew Point temperature and pressure calculations An example of a dew point temperature calculation
Next Lecture will cover: Ternary Liquid-Liquid extractions. Ternary phase diagrams. A procedure to determine the product compositions and flow rates of a liquid-liquid extraction separation.
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