A serious disruption of normal life triggered by a human-induced hazard causing human, material, economic and environmental losses, which

exceed the ability of those affected to cope.

 July 17, 1944: Port Chicago Disasters A munitions explosion that killed 320 people occurred at the Port Chicago Naval magazine in Port Chicago, California. August 9, 1965: Little Rock AFB in Searcy, Arkansas. 53 contract workers were killed during a fire at a Titan Missile silo. The cause of the fire was determined to be a welding rod damaging a hydraulic hose allowing hydraulic vapors to leak and spread throughout silo.

May 1962: The Centralia,Pennsylyvania coal mine fire began, forcing the gradual evacuation of the Centralia borough. The fire continues to burn in the abandoned borough in 2011, 49 years later.

June 3, 1979:Ixtoc I oil spill, The Ixtoc I exploratory oil well suffered a blowout resulting in the third largest oil spill and the second largest accidental spill in history.

May 2, 1878: The Washburn A Mill in Minneapolis was destroyed by a flour dust explosion , killing 18. The mill was rebuilt with updated technology. The explosion led to new safety standards in the milling industry. September 3, 1991: 1991 Hamlet Chicken processing plant fire in Hamlet , North Carolina , where locked doors trapped workers in a burning processing plant, causing 25 deaths.

January 10, 1860: Pemberton Mill was a large factory in Lawrence, Massachusetts that collapsed without warning. An estimated 145 workers were killed and 166 injured. March 20, 1905: Grover Shoe factory Disaster was a boiler explosion , building collapse and fire that killed 58 people and injured 150 in Brockton, Massachusetts.

 March 10, 1906: Couriers Mine disaster in Couriers, France. 1,099 workers died, including children, in the worst mine accident ever in Europe.

October 14, 1913:Sengheddy Colliery disaster , the worst Mining accident in the United Kingdom, 439 workers died.

1) The main cause of disasters in industry is because of employment of uneducated / illiterate people which sometimes results in huge lose of money and lives or 2) These accidents are mainly caused by fires, explosions etc. 3) Bhopal Saga: Causes and Consequences of the World's Largest Industrial Disaster . 4) It applies to industrial accidents capable of causing Tran boundary effects designate one point of contact for the purpose of industrial accident .

Improve fire resistance and warning systems. Improve fire fighting and pollution dispersion capabilities. Develop emergency relief and evacuation planning for employees and nearby settlements. Incident response training should be provided to the employees of the industry. Maintain a wind flow diagram of the region. Limit storage capacity of the toxic substances. Insurance for industries and safety legislation.

The onset of an industrial / chemical accident can be rapid and /or sudden with no warning depending on the nature of occurrence. Release of chemicals may be because of human errors, technological failure.

 BY :

SHARMILA KRISHNASWAMY X B SOCIAL SCIENCE PROJECT JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA, SHIVARAGUDDA, MANDYA