English Grammar

Parts of Speech

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Eight Parts of Speech

Nouns

Interjections

Adjectives

Conjunctions

Word that names

A

Person

Place
A Thing

An Idea

Kinds of Nouns
Common Nouns
boy girl

Proper Nouns
John Mary

Singular Nouns
boy girl

Plural Nouns
boys girls

VERB
A verb tells what the noun does or is An action verb tells you that She dances.

A linking or state of being verb tells you that The monster is ugly.

Every sentence must have

a
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Kinds of Verbs

Action verbs express mental or physical action.

He rode the horse to victory.

PRONOUN

A pronoun is a short word that takes the place of a noun.

Pronouns can be: Subjects : He or She Objects: Him or Her Possessive: His or Hers Indefinite: nobody or all Demonstrative: this or those

The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns. It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.
Indefinite Pronouns
anybody each either none someone, one, etc.

ADJECTIVE

Adjectives are descriptive

words used to modify or tell more about nouns and

Presenting a blue car, a red car and a light brown car

pronouns

Without colorful and precise adjectives, language would be pretty blah!

ADVERB
An adverb

modifies and describes a

verb,. Adverbs frames questions like how, where and when: Yesterday, she ran quickly to home. The most commonly used adverb in English is very. Many adverbs end in ly E.g.: quickly, carefully, & slowly

Interrogative Adverbs
introduce questions

How did you break your leg?

How often do you run? Where did you put the mouse trap?

Answers the questions:

He ran quickly. She left yesterday. We went there. It was too hot! To what degree or how much?

PREPOSITION

A preposition shows a position relationship between two or more nouns or pronouns.

She walked through the door into

the room.

Some Common Prepositions

aboard about above across after against along among around at before behind below beneath beside between beyond by down during except for from in into like of off on over past since through throughout to toward under underneath until up upon with within without

CONJUNCTION
A conjunction is a short joining word, such as and, or, but, for, so & yet. The main function of a conjunction is to join words, phrases and clauses together: E.g.. Slowly and carefully A red hat and a white shirt He had no ticket, but he went anyway.

The Conjunction
A conjunction is a word that joins words
or groups of words.

or

but

The Interjection
is an exclamatory word that expresses emotion
Goodness! What a cute baby!

Wow! Look at that Sunset.

INTERJECTION
An interjection is a word (or words) of shock or surprise. It is usually used by itself and is followed by an exclamation point. Examples are: Wow!, Cool!, Awesome! and so on

Watch out! Whered this rocket come from???

English Grammar
Tenses
Tense expresses the time of an event or action.
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Types of Present Tenses

Simple present tense

Present perfect tense

Present continuous tense Present perfect continuous tense

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1) Simple Present Tense

It indicates exactly when an action or event takes place in the present.
They talk everyday

S S

V V

See how the sun shines.

I have an idea.

S V

1) Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense

also have general true fact in which we should always add S

The sun rises in the east

S V The water boils at 100 degree Celsius S V The earth is round. S V

2) Present Perfect Tense

It indicates an event that began in the past and continues up to the present and the action which has been completed.
They have arrived.

S
The

sun has set S V

I have

thought this idea before. V

3) Present Continuous Tense

Present

continuous tense have two parts:

The present tense of the verb to be (am; is ; are) The present participle of the main verb (Verb + ing).

Examples:

They are talking to each other. S V + ing The sun is shining. S V + ing
I am playing a computer. S V + ing He is thinking..
S V + ing

4) Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present

perfect continuous tense have two parts:

The present perfect of the verb to be (have/has been) + The present participle of the main verb (Verb + ing).

4) Present Perfect Continuous Tense

It shows that the action began in the past and continuing up to the present time.
They have been

waiting for two hours V

She has been studying grammar for an hour. S V

Types of Past Tenses

Simple past tense

Past perfect tense

Past continuous tense Past perfect continuous tense

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1) Simple Past Tense

It indicates exactly when an action or event takes place in the past and ends with ed.
They talked yesterday

V
I studied last night

S
I had an idea.

S V

2) Past Perfect Tense

It denote an event which had been completed in the past before another action starts.
Ram had left before madan reached the place.

I had finished my studies when ali came to see me

3) Past Continuous Tense

Past continuous tense have

two parts:

The past tense of the verb to be (was / were)

The base of the main verb (Verb + ing).

Examples:

They were talking to each other. S V + ing The sun was shining. S V + ing

I was playing computer yesterday. S V + ing He was thinking..

S V + ing

4) Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past

perfect continuous tense have two parts:

The past perfect of the verb to be (had been) and The present participle (Verb + ing).

4) Past Perfect Continuous Tense

It shows that the action had begun prior to the past time

They had been Dancing

for two hours

She had been studying grammar for an hour. S V

Types of Future Tenses

Simple future tense

Future perfect tense

Future continuous tense Future perfect continuous

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Simple Future Tense

Simple Future tense denotes the action that will take place in the future. It has 2 different forms in English:

will or shall and be going to

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Form: Will
Subject Will Verb

I
Note: When using the word not, always put it between the will and the verb.

will
will

open
finish

the door.
before me.

You

He
She

will not
will

be
help

at school tomorrow.
you.

It
They

will
will not

be
do

there tomorrow.
their homework.

We
The will always comes first when asking a question.

will not leave

yet.

Will
Will

you
they

not arrive
want

on time?
dinner?

When to use the will form

Use will to express a voluntary action. I will give you the phone number. Will you help me with my homework? The phone rings. I will get it. Use will when there is no plan. We will see what happens. I think I will go to gym tomorrow. Use will when making promises. I will call you when I arrive. I promise I will not tell anyone about the secret. Do not worry. I will be careful.

Form: Be going to
Subject am/is/are Going to Verb

I
You

am
are

not going to
going to

open
meet

the door.
Ram tonight.

He
She

is
is

going to
not going to

be
clean

at school tomorrow.
the floor.

It
They

is
are

going to
not going to going to

be
make

there tomorrow.
dinner.

We

are

make

some sandwiches.

Are Is

You

When asking a question going to meet

Ram tonight? his homework?

he

not

going to

do

will or be going to
We can use either of those forms when making a

prediction.
This year will be an interesting year. This year is going to be an interesting year. Barack Obama will be the next president. Barack Obama is going to be the next president.

2) Future Perfect Tense

It denote an event which will be completed in the future

Ram shall have reached the place before Hari.

S
I shall have

done my homework before you come. V

3) Future Continuous Tense

Future continuous tense have

two parts:

The simple future of the verb to be (will be)

The present participle of the verb (Verb + ing).

Examples:

They will be talking to each other. S V + ing

I will be playing computer tomorrow. S V + ing

He will be thinking deeply..

S V + ing

4) Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Future perfect continuous tense have

two parts:

The future perfect of the verb to be (will have been) and The present participle of the main verb (Verb + ing).

4) Future Perfect Continuous Tense

It shows that the action whether finished or unfinished

They will have been Dancing

for two hours

She will have been learning grammar for an hour. S V

end of slide show

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