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Water expands when it freezes Hard water can be hard on your system
Definition
Solar water heating or solar hot water is water heated by the use of solar energy. Solar heating systems are generally composed of solar thermal collectors, a fluid system to move the heat from the collector to its point of usage. The system may use electricity for pumping the fluid, and have a reservoir or tank for heat storage and subsequent use. The systems may be used to heat water for a wide variety of uses, including home, business and industrial uses. Heating swimming pools, underfloor heating or energy input for space heating or cooling are more specific examples
The solar radiation happens in two forms. Direct solar radiation is the radiation happens from the sun directly. The diffused solar radiation, which is scattered by the atmosphere or is reflected from the surrounding area in a random form.
As key components in building solar water heaters, solar heat collectors accept solar irradiation and deliver energy to water in the solar heat application system. Considering solar collector types, solar water heaters are classified into plate solar heaters and evacuated Tube.
Types of Collectors
Flat Plate
Proven Technology Durable Temperature operating range perfect for SDHW & space heating Collectors shed snow Repairable Competitively priced
Types of Collectors
Evacuated Tube
Moderately high temperature collector Collector design varies by manufacturer Some tubes have moving parts Glass tubes are fragile Do not shed snow and frost as well as flat plate collectors
Indirect or closed loop systems use a heat exchanger that separates the potable water from the fluid, known as the "heat-transfer fluid" (HTF), that circulates through the collector.
Indirect system with heat exchanger in tank
Passive systems rely on heat-driven convection or heat pipes to circulate water or heating fluid in the system. Passive solar water heating systems cost less and have extremely low or no maintenance, but the efficiency of a passive system is significantly lower than that of an active system, and overheating and freezing are major concerns.
Drain back
Advantages
can withstand moderate freezing conditions not affected by hard water uses distilled water as the heat transfer fluid most efficient and no fluid degradation virtually maintenance free can be part of a combination system versatile installation options using flat plate collectors can be damaged under severe freezing or snowy conditions require careful pipe installation require a high-head pump and a vertical distance between the collectors and the reservoir of less than 25 feet Drainback system with drainback reservoir. In these schematics
the controller and pump are driven by mains electricity
Disadvantages
Antifreeze
Advantages
Disadvantages
not affected by freezing conditions not susceptible to mineral buildup from hard water no limit to the distance between collectors and storage can be PV powered has most installation options proven technology virtually maintenance free most systems have only one or two moving parts can be part of a combination space heating/domestic water heating system
cost slightly more than other systems slight loss of efficiency due to heat transfer fluid fluid degradation under extended stagnation
system.
Changes in ambient temperature and solar radiation between summer and winter. The changes in ambient temperature during the day-night cycle. The possibility of the potable water or collector fluid overheating. The possibility of the potable water or collector fluid freezing.
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Restaurants serving food and drinks with seating / serving area of more than 100 sq.m and above Lodging establishments and Tourist Homes
3 rooms
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b) Solar photovoltaic lighting systems shall be installed in multi unit residential buildings (with more than five units for lighting the set back areas and drive ways)
A typical solar water heating system will offset between 3/4 ton and 1 ton of CO2 per year - the equivalent of driving over 1,300 miles (@22mpg)
Solar water heaters are one piece of the puzzle in reducing greenhouse gas emissions Natural gas, just like oil, is a limited resource that is being depleated
Life Cycle Costing Overall cost of comparable systems Solar water heaters have no operating costs Add initial cost plus operating expenses Compare final cost after a period of time
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