Telecommunications and Networks

Industry Trends

More vendors, carriers, alliances, and network services, accelerated by deregulation & Internet growth

Technology Trends

Extensive Internet, interconnected local & global digital networks, improved transmission channels

Application More electronic commerce, enterprise collaborati Trends online business operations and strategic advantage in markets

Major Strategic capabilities

Overcome Geographic Barriers: Capture information about business transactions from remote locations. Overcome Time Barriers: Provide information to remote locations immediately after it is requested. Overcome Cost Barriers: Reduce the cost of more traditional means of communications.

Overcome Structural Barriers: Support linkages for competitive advantage.

Surf and E-mail

Download and Computer

E-Commerce

Popular Uses of the Internet

Transfer Protocol (FTP) and Telnet

Internet Chat and Discussion Forums

Search Engines

Increase Customer Loyalty & Retention

Reduce the Cost of Doing Business

Develop New Web-based Products

Generate New Revenue Sources

Deriving Business Value from e-Commerce Applications

Develop New Markets & Channels

Attract New Customers

Telecommunications Processors 2 3 2

5 Telecommunications Software

PCs, NCs, and Other Terminals

Telecommunications Channels and Media

Computers

Types of Networks
Local Area Networks (LANs) Wide Area Networks (WANs) Intranet Extranet Internet

*Limited distance (usually within 10 KM) *Privately Owned *Usually use a broadcast medium *LANs defined by Physical technology:
*

e.g. Coaxial cable, Fiber Optics, Virtual

- defines physical and data link layer * type and wiring of broadcast medium * protocol for sharing broadcast medium *LANs Topology: - Bus - Ring - Star - Mesh

PC

PC

PC

Shared Database and Software Packages

Network Server

Shared Printer

PC

PC

Internetwork Processor to Other Networks

Ontario California Norway

Manitoba

Belgium

Wide Area Network

British Columbia Pennsylvania

Japan

Chile

Dominican Republic

The Internet Router Extranet Fire wall Intranet Server

Fire wall

Router Intranet Server Host System

Intranet and Extranet

The use of Internet Technology to build a

private corporate network - Intranet The extension of Intranet to cover the Business partners of an Corporation Extranet Use of high security and access control such as firewalls

How the Intranet Works

Acts as a reservoir of company info like provident fund rules, HR policies etc. Intranets are internal networks that let you access information by simple browsing as on the World Wide Web Lets you share Information with colleagues spread over various locations, simultaneously

Are an interaction platform for the employees to discuss projects, share ideas

Helps improve workflow and increase productivity

Enhances project Management and reporting systems

Intranet Applications
Publishing Corporate Documents Mail Workgroup Collaboration Software Distribution

Access Into Searchable Directories Corporate/ Department/ Individual Pages

User Interface

Intranet Application

Other Information and Uses

Internal Applications on Intranet

Product Information Project Information Access to Data Warehouse Product Support Databases Training and Registration Newswire Clippings Software Libraries Phone Directory Conference Room Reservations Libraries Subscription Services

Policies and Procedures Engineering Groups Information Historical Information Employee and Group Information Sharing Design Drawings Technology Centers Sales Support Centers Competitive Analysis Strategies Financial-Management Query Corporate Newsletters

Internal Applications on Intranet

Knowledge Preservation Official Travel Guide Manufacturing Information Employee Info-bases Employee Property Management Policies and Procedures Jobs Benefits Literature Ordering Stock Quote Information Catalogs Performance Tracking Surveillance Application Front-end Whiteboard Conferencing Travel Plans Art Libraries Directions Maps Indexing Engines

What are extranets?

An extranet is a private network that uses the Internet protocols and the public telecommunication system to securely share part of a business's information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses An extranet can be viewed as part of a company's intranet that is extended to users outside the company
Company A

Intranet

Company B

Extranet

Company C

Applications of Extranets
Exchange large volumes of data using Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Share product catalogs exclusively with wholesalers or those "in the trade" Share inventory status, order status and such other business information Collaborate with other companies on joint development efforts Jointly develop and use training programs with other companies Provide or access services provided by one company to a group of other companies, such as an online banking application managed by one company on behalf of affiliated banks Share news of common interest exclusively with partner companies

Host Systems/ Superservers

Client Systems

Servers

Client
Network Server

Host System Superserver

Central database control Heavy duty processing

User Interface Application Processing

Application Control Distributed Database

NetPC
Application Server DB Server

Browser-based User Interface

DBMS Web OS Application Software

The International Standards Organizations (ISO) seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Application Layer

Application or Process Layer

Presentation Layer Session Layer

Host-to-Host Transport Layer Internet Protocol (IP) Network Interface Physical Layer

Transport Layer
Network Layer

Data Link Layer

Physical Layer

Application Layer. This layer provides communications services for end user applications.
Presentation Layer. This layer provides appropriate data transmission formats and codes.

Session Layer. This layer supports the accomplishment of telecommunications sessions.

Transport Layer. This layer supports the organization and transfer of data between nodes in the network. Network Layer. This layer provides appropriate routing by establishing connections among network links. Data Link Layer. This layer supports error free organization and transmission of data in the network. Physical Layer. This layer provides physical access to the telecommunications media in the network.

7: Application layer
*

E.g., terminal emulation, file transfer Handles encryption, compression, other translation of messages Establishes and terminates connections between applications Divides messages into packets;assembles packets into messages Finds routes for packets; transmits them to next node Breaks packets into frames; sends frames between nodes Sends bits over wires

6: Presentation layer
*

5: Session layer
*

4: Transport layer
*

3: Network layer
*

2: Link layer
*

1: Physical layer
*

TCP/IP
IP is lowest layer (equivalent to the OSI network layer) - moves a packet from one host to another - connectionless protocol (no guarantee of reliable delivery) - each packet contains a 32-bit address of the destination host - each host has its own unique address - Internet is running out of addresses - partly because addresses allocated inefficiently - eventually move to more than 32-bit addresses TCP (equivalent to OSI transport layer) -establishes a reliable connection between processes on two hosts -TCP makes up for unreliability of IP by resending lost blocks

UDP