INFANT FEEDING

PRINCIPLES
The infant should get sufficient fluid The infant should get adequate food The food should have a balanced composition

TYPES OF ONFANT FEEDING

Breast feeding Artificial feeding

BREAST FEEDING

COMPOSITION OF BREAST MILK Carbohydrates Protein Fats Vitamins and minerals Water and electrolytes immunoglobulins

ADVANTAGES
Hygienic Convenient Easy digestion Anti infective properties Anti allergic Mental growth and IQ Uterine involution

CONTRAINDICATION
Breast cancer due to need of treatment Mother on anti cancer drugs IV drug abuse HIV positive mother Galactosemia Active pulmonary TB Puerperial psychosis

MANAGEMENT OF BREAST FEEDING

FIRST FEED: - Half an hour after vaginal delivery - within 4 hours after LSCS EXCLUSIVE BREAST FEEDIND DEMAND FEEDING

TECHNIQUE

BURPING / BREAKING THE WIND

DIFFICULTIES IN BREAST FEEDING

DUE TO MOTHER - reluctance or dislikes to breast feeding - infants attachment to breast - anxiety and stress - following operative delivery - inadequate breast milk secretion - breast ailments

 DUE TO INFANT - low birth weight infant - temporary illness - over distension of stomach - congenital malformations

 DUE TO NIPPLE ABNORMALITIES - long nipples - short nipples - inverted or flat nipples - cracked nipples

ARTIFICIAL FEEDING
When the baby is fed by any preparation other than human milk, it is called artificial feeding

INDICATIONS
Contra indications of breast feeding Inadequate quantity of breast milk Changing life style

Humanisation of Cows milk

Cows milk Sugar Cream Boiled water 250 ml 4 teaspoon 6 teaspoon 250 ml

 Infant formulas come in powder, liquid concentrate, and ready-to-feed forms. Cow's milk formula is the "typical" most commonly used type (e.g.: Similac, Enfamil). Soy protein based formulas are frequently used for infants allergic to cow's milk (e.g.: Isomil, ProSobee). Partially hydrolyzed formulas (e.g.: Good Start and Gentlease brands) are marketed as having improved digestibility. Extensively hydrolyzed formulas (e.g.: Alimentum, Nutramigen, and Pregestimil) are considered "hypoallergenic".

 Amino acid based formulas (e.g.: Neocate, EleCare, and Nutramigen AA) are more expensive, but are reported least likely to cause allergic reactions

Recent and future potential new ingredients

Probiotics Recently, probiotics have become a new ingredient in many of our foods, and studies have been completed regarding the use of probiotics in infant formula Prebiotics Prebiotics are undigestible carbohydrates that promote the growth of probiotic bacteria in the gut.

 Lysozyme and lactoferrin Lysozyme is an enzyme that is responsible for protecting the body by damaging bacterial cell walls. Lactoferrin is a globular, multifunctional protein that has antimicrobial activity. Compared to human milk, cows milk has a signifactly lower levels of lysozyme and lactoferrin; therefore, the industry has an increasing interest in adding them into infant formulas

HEALTH RISKS OF ARTIFICIAL FEEDING

Acute otitis media Gastroenteritis Lower respiratory tract infection Atopic dermatitis Asthma Obesity Diabetes mellitus Sudden infantile death syndrome Low I.Q