Joshua Hernandez 4CEF

The importance of road traffic signs have been recognized world wide because of increasing incidence of road accidents due to volume of traffic and bad habits of motor vehicle drivers.

Objectives 1. To lead to a safest road traffic 2. To facilitate this traffic 3. To indicate or to remind some particular traffic rules 4. To inform the drivers how to use the highway

Categories of Signaling Devices 1. Road traffic signs 2. Road traffic signals 3. Pavement markings 4. Guide posts and delineators

Categories of Road Signs 1. Danger Warning Signs 2. Intersection Signs 3. Prescription Signs 4. General Information Signs 5. Direction Signs 6. Agglomeration Signs 7. Railway Crossing Signs 8. Temporary Signs 9. Special Instruction Signs

1. Valorization Principle - to use only the needed and useful signs. 2. Concentration Principle - some road signs must be seen at the same time, by night and day. 3. Legibility Principle - indications or analogical messages should be reduced.

Used to warn traffic of potentially hazardous conditions on or adjacent to the highway. Triangular in shape.

1. General Rule When the vehicle approaches an intersection from different roads, the driver on the left should yield the right of way to the vehicle on the right except as otherwise hereinafter provided.

2. Priority Road Any vehicle on this type of road has always the right of way against the vehicle coming from the right or from the left, except as otherwise provided.

3. Non-Priority Road The driver of any vehicle entering a highway from a private road shall yield the right of way to all vehicles approaching entering or in the intersection.

Informs the drivers about traffic rules and regulation that could be offense if desregarded. 1. Prohibitive Sign white background,red ring, prohibitive red bar.

Obligation Sign circular in shape, dark blue background, white border.

End of Prescription Sign circular in shape and represents the same bar sign obligation symbol.

1. Advance direction sign

2. Intersection direction sign

3. Confirmatory sign

Gives the driver miscellaneous information useful in his driving and general knowledge. Square in shape, dark blue background, white symbols.

1.

2.

Defined as all power operated traffic control devices, except flashers, signs and marking for directing or warning motorist cyclist or pedestrians. Pre- Timed Signals where traffic time intervals are divided to various traffic movements. Traffic Activated where time intervals are controlled as whole or in party traffic demands.

Signal Control a solid-state mini processor for intersections control mist be available. The mini processor receives inputs from detectors, and interpret their meanings. Synchronized Movement under traffic volume, coordinated signals at various intervals estimated from 750m to more than 1km is effective in making smooth flow or traffic.

 1.

Four types of systems of coordination Simultaneous Coordination - makes all color indications along the street alike at same time. Alternative Coordination all signal changes their indication at the same time, but adjacent signals along the street show different colors. Limited Progressive System retains a common cycle length providing separate GO at each intersection to motor traffic progression. Flexible Progressive System provided with a master control that commands the controller for the individual signals.

2.

3.

4.

Specific Use of Colors a) White used where vehicles may cross the markings like 1. Lane lines 5. Stop lines 2. Pavement edge lines 6. Cross walk 3. Channeling lines 7. Parking space limit 4. Turn markings 8. Words and symbol

b) Yellow Lines delineates the separation of traffic flows line 1. Center line of two highways 2. Double centerline for multiple-lane roadway 3. No passing barriers 4. Channeling a center lane 5. Obstruction must be passed to the right

c) Dashed Lines for directional line such as center strips on two lane highways and lane lines. 1-2 stripes 3m long 9m gap is recommended for rural roads.

Other Markings a raised reflector less than 1 inch in height illuminated by vehicle headlight is widely used. White color is used for lane marking, blue color to outline bicycle lanes and red to facing vehicles travelling in wrong direction to the freeway entrance or exit ramps.

Broken Line Typical Modulation

Ballotini for Reflective Road Paint - Consists of beads of good quality, optically clean free glass with not less than 90% spherical and free from flaws.

Reflective Pavement Stud - Is either Flush Surface or Raised Profile type.

Adhesive when Raised Profile type reflector is specified an approved epoxy adhesive is used. Cement Mortar shall consists of one part Portland cement to two parts fine aggregates mixed with water.

Advance Marking

Are set to guide the drivers and to pinpoint a particular or linear danger.

1.

Types of Guideposts or Beacons Curve guide post 2. Intersection guide post

3. Hazard Maker

4. Nose Marker

5. Delineators are light reflecting device mounted on posts at the side of the roadway in series to guide the driver along the proper alignment

Raised bars are sometimes called jiggle bars used as channel device at the nose of traffic island to keep vehicles out certain paved areas. Rumble Strips installed across the roadways to alert the motorist as they approach a dangerous situation like stop signs. Distance Marker usually made of reinforce concrete indicating the number of km distance form and to a specific place.

Rumble strips

Distance Maker

Generally designed to prevent a car from leaving the highway or from colliding against an obstacle by deflecting it so that it continuous to move at reduced velocity along the guardrail and in the normal direction.

For light vehicle the impact angle of 30degress at a speed of 80km/hr For 10tons truck with the impact angle of 20degress at 70km.hr

Prior to the existence of freeways and expressways, arterial streets were the main way of traffic. Arterial and local street operations make use of street marking signs and signal controlled in several ways by either fixed setting or computerized system.

1.
2. 3. 4.

Basic consideration in planning arterial roads Selection of convenient route Studies of traffic volume Origin and destinations Accident experienced

One Way Street are those where traffic moves in one direction only. Advantages of one way 1. Bigger Capacity move vehicles are accommodated by same street system. 2. Fewer Stops and Increasing Speed fewer delay at intersections. 3. Improved Pedestrian Movement one crosswalk is totally free from turning vehicles. 4. Reduced Accidents 5. Elimination of Headlight Glare ease of movement for emergency and less attention to traffic.

The most important traffic control device for street operations are STOP and YIELD signs and the Traffic Signals.

Freeways are designed for high speed, free flowing, low accident facilities and operate without hindrances from traffic control. This type of roadway operated well because of their isolation from the surrounding with widely spaced access and barred pedestrians.

Highway and street lightning are generally incorporated in the design to illuminate the roadway to provide seeing by silhouette. Object is darker than the background, discernment is by silhouette Object is lighter than its background, seeing is reverse silhouette.

Parking on the street substantially reduces the capacity of the road Creates congestion and confusions. Increases travel time and accident of vehicles.

Maximum Volume traffic flow is likely to continue without breakdown and serious compositions. Number of Vehicles Values for capacity cannot be determined exactly due to the many variable that affects traffic flows. One direction against two direction traffic is one direction flows independently from that of the other. A given time period traffic volume and capacity are stated in vehicles per hour but traffic flow does not vary uniformly with time, volume and capacities.

Commonly accepted as measure of restrictive effects of increased volume.

Level A free flow speed control by drivers desire B - stable flow speed is restricted ,no maneuver restriction C - stable flow speed and maneuver are restricted D approaches unstable flow tolerable speed, restriction to flow E volume near capacity speed in neighborhood is 45km/hr F forced flow low operating speed