STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING MATERIALS

Amorphous Material SELECTED MATERIALS Glass Plastics Bitumen

Crystalline Materials Metals Clay Brick

Fibrous Materials Wood

DEPENDENT PROPERTIES -Direction

Non-directional Largely nondirectional Lower than for crystalline materials Higher than for amorphous materials

Directional

-Thermal Conductivity

Low

-Strength

Tougher than crystalline materials

More brittle than amorphous materials

High tensile strength in the grain direction

MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

TIMBER-BASED PRODUCTS

TIMBER-BASED PRODUCTS

PROPERTIES
Made of wood/wood scraps that are cut up/reduced in size to make timber-based products Organic in composition, fibrous in structure & similar to mineral-bonded panels in production & use

SURFACE CUT END

Veneered: PLYWOOD

CHIPBOARD

FIBREBOARD

USES
Directional panels or beams are used for load bearing structures or reinforcement Non-directional timber products-used for furniture, build-in units, cladding and insulation

Cladding

STANDARD SIZES AND THICKNESSES OF HARDWOOD PLYWOOD

1.20x2.40m 4x8ft

8ft, 10ft,12ft

CONCRETE

CONCRETE

PROPERTIES
As liquid stone, shares similar properties with natural stone, it is valued for its strength as artificial stone Concrete loses volume when worked and needs a secondary load bearing system

Made from inorganic materials and non-homogeneous Stone that can be molded, produced in any shape Mixture of cement, aggregates & water
cement water Aggregates(gravel) Binder Setting Determine density, strength, thermal conductivity &heat storage capacity

Has a high thermal conductivity & heat storage capacities

Concrete with: WOODEN PLANK

EXPOSED AGGREGATE

FIBERGLASS CONCRETE

CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS

USES
Pressure-loaded shell load bearing structures

Can absorb tensile forces only in combination with steel/other materials

suitable freely shaped construction elements

PLASTER AND SCREEDS

PLASTER AND SCREEDS

PROPERTIES(SCREED)
Composed mainly of inorganic materials Cement screed-possible to walk on after 7 days, but needs 28days to reach its defined strength Anhydrite and asphalt screeds can be walked on considerably sooner

PROPERTIES(PLASTER)
Provides homogeneous surfaces that can also be decorative Open-pored structure Can remove any moisture that may have penetrated the material underneath it Weakest layer of the wall structure
Types

Loam plaster
Moisture sensitive plaster

Used only as an undercoat and for interior work

Used also in interiors but is suitable for creative work and for fine stucco Able to diffuse vapor range from soft-air hardening to hard hydraulic lime plasters Produced with the use of aggregates

Lime plaster

Renovation, fireproofing, acoustic, thermal insulation plaster

USES
protects the materials underneath from moisture, frost and fire and act as loaddistributing elements Rendering as wall and ceiling cladding with multiple textures

METALS

METALS

PROPERTIES
High density, high compressive and tensile strength High melting point, Metallic sheen and elasticity luster, good thermal and electrical conductivity, and the capability of being permanently shaped or deformed at room temperature

IRON
is the most useful metal we have. When it is pure it has a silvery color, is very tenacious, which means that it is tough; it is malleable, that is it can be hammered without cracking, is ductile in that it can be drawn out into wire without breaking.

TIN
This is a white metal that looks very much like silver, malleable that it can be hammered out into very thin sheets and which you know so well as tin-foil. Tin is largely used in making alloys such as soft solder, typemetal, pewter, etc. It has a very low melting point.

ZINC
Zinc. - This is a bluish white metal and though it is sometimes found in a pure state it is usually found in combination with other elements. Zinc is easy to cut and when mixed with copper it forms the alloy we know as brass.

LEAD
Lead. - This is the softest metal known and it has a bluish-gray color. It is very heavy and melts at a low temperature.

LEAD
USES In ammunition. As oxides in glass and ceramics. In metal casting. As sheet lead. As covering for cable. As caulking lead. In brass and bronze billets. In bearing metals. Used for roofs, particularly for parts that would be very laborious or expensive to make

COPPER
PROPERTIES is a reddish metal with a face-centered cubic crystalline structure. It is malleable, ductile, and an extremely good conductor of both heat and electricity. It is softer than iron but harder than zinc and can be polished to a bright finish. has low chemical reactivity. In moist air it slowly forms a greenish surface film ( usually a mixture of carbonate, sulfate, hydroxide, and oxide ) called patina; this coating protects the metal from further attack. dissolves in hot concentrated hydrochloric or sulfuric acid but is little affected by cold solutions of these acids; it also dissolves in nitric acid. Salt water corrodes copper, forming a chloride.

COPPER
USES copper is employed in the manufacture of electrical apparatus and wire. is also used extensively as roofing, in making copper utensils, and for coins and metalwork. Copper tubing is used in plumbing, and, because of its high heat conductivity, in heatexchanging devices such as refrigerator and air-conditioner coils. Powdered copper is sometimes used as a pigment in paints.