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Module #251M101
Objectives
To Introduce the concept of Hydraulics systems To outline the applications and advantages of hydraulic systems To introduce hydraulics components Explain the principle of Hydraulics circuitry Explain maintenance of hydraulics systems
Definition
Hydraulics is the study of the behavior of fluids. Hydraulic Power Transmission is a method used to transmit energy by pushing on a Confined Liquid.
Confined refers to having limiting boundaries for motion Pressure will refer to a force per unit of area
Advantages
Package (Size/Weight) -vs- (Power) Minimal Maintenance Simple Operation Variable Speed Reversible Overload Protection Can Be Stalled
Liquid Behavior
1. CANNOT BE COMPRESSED ! 3. LUBRICATES
Conservation of Energy
1. Moving the small piston 10 displaces 10 cu. in. of liquid 1 sq. in. x 10 in. = 10 cu. in. 2. 10 cu. in. of liquid will move the larger piston only 1 in. 10 sq. in. x 1 in. = 10 cu. in.
10 lbs.
1 sq in Area
10 lbs.
1 sq in Area
3. The energy transfer here equals 10 lbs. x 10 in. = 100 in. lbs.
4. The energy transfer here is also 1 in. x 100 lbs. = 100 in. lbs.
RESERVOIR
PUMP
RELIEF VALVE
RESERVOIR
PUMP
RELIEF VALVE
RESERVOIR
PUMP
RELIEF VALVE
RESERVOIR
PUMP
RELIEF VALVE
Components
RESERVOIR STRAINER or FILTER HYDRAULIC FLUID PUMP ACTUATOR GAUGE PRESSURE CONTROL DEVICE FLOW DIRECTION CONTROL DEVICE HEAT EXCHANGER PLUMBING
Fluid
Transmit Power Lubricate Parts Seal Clearances Dissipate Heat Requirements
Viscosity
Reservoir
Hold Fluid Transfer Heat Deaerator Settling Basin Components Steel/Aluminum Plate Inside Coating Drainage Plug Oil Level Indicator Breather Filler Opening Cleanout Plates (>10 gal) Baffles Connections/Fittings
Contamination
Solid, Liquid or Gas
Solution Entrainment Emulsion
Failures
MOF (catastrophic) Intermittent (annoyance) Degradation (lost performance)
Sources
Built-in Environmental Internal
Contamination Control
Minimization During Service Making Connections Component Repair Care During Filling Flushing System
Strainer
IN-TANK DESIGN
Filter
RETURN FILTER
PRESSURE FILTER
Heat Exchanger
Louvered Airflow Control Electric or Hydraulic Fan Fluid-to-Air Exchanger Fluid-to-Fluid Exchanger
Actuators
Converts Fluid Energy Into Mechanical Energy
Ram-Type Actuators
SUPPLY and/or RETURN
BARREL
PISTON
ROD
Motor
Reservoir Pump
Pump
Convert Mechanical Energy to Fluid Energy Horsepower
HHP = (GPM)(psi)(0.000583)
Efficiency
VE% = Actual / Theoretical
DISCHARGE
Forces as a result of system pressure are shared at opposing angles to balance the rotor/drive shaft loading. As a result friction is reduced allowing higher system pressure capabilities. SUPPLY
Changing Direction
Clockwise Rotation Counter-Clockwise Rotation
Changing the position of the cam ring in relation to the inlet and outlet porting will change the direction of rotation.
Gear-Type Pump
Outlet Drive Gear Driven Gear
Inlet
1. These two teeth are subjected to pressure and tend to rotate gears in direction of arrow
2. Segments of two meshing teeth tend to oppose rotation thus net torque is a function of only one tooth.
Pressure Compensated
Pressure Relieving
Normally Closed Limits Pressure Direct Acting Pilot Operated Cracking Pressure Full Flo Pressure Override Pressure
Direct Acting
Adjustment Knob Adjustment Stem Sealing Section Top Grommet Spring Seat Assy. Stem Assy.
Flow to tank
2. When pressure here is less than the valve setting, valve remains closed.
Piston Plunger
Inlet
Plunger Seat
Valve Body
Return
Normally CLOSED
Initial CRACKING
Fully RELIEVING
Remote Adjustment
Pilot flow can take this path
VENT
Remote valve limits pressure from its minimum up to the limit set by the pilot section of the main valve
FREE FLOW
NO FLOW
Groove between the lands completes the flow passage between the two ports.