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Pre Questions
What is your first language? How do you learn your first language?
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Definition
is the process which human acquire language to be comprehence in using words or sentences to communicate
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Theory of L1 Acquisition
a) Behavior Approach b) Nativist Approach c) Functional Approach
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Behavior Approach
This theory was popular in 1950s and 1960s by B.F. Skinner. This theory explains that children learns their first language from other human behaviour. There are four steps: - Stimulus (lang. Input) Organism(the learners) Response (imitation)
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Four steps for a child acquires his/her first language : Imitation Reinforcement Repetition Habituation For reinforcement, there are two possible effects: Positive reinforcement (a prise) and negative reinforcement (correction) For habituation ,there are also two possible effects : Good habit and bad habit
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Disadvantage:
Not linear. What about imitation, creativity, & interaction?
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Nativist Approach
That childrens ability to learn their first language is innate (Chomsky,1965) Learning first language through nativist approach : Innate predispositions (LAD) Systematic Creative construction Universal grammar
Chomskys term for the abstract principles that comprise a childs innate knowledge Free Powerpoint Templates of language and that guide LA Page 10
Disadvantage:
no explanation on function of meaning constructed from social interaction
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Functional Approach
Functionalists (Bloom, 1971; Piaget)
Children can learn a language successfully for the reason that they realize language could help do things. Constructivist Social interaction Cognition and language Functions of language Discourse: looking for cues
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Nature or Nurture??
Nature : human is born with basic communicatory devices but Tabula rasa (the mind in its hypothetical primary blank or empty state before receiving outside impressions) Nurture : by using the devices a human is born with one can be acculturated and learn to communicate with those around them
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Universals
Closely related to the innateness controversy is the claim that language is universally acquired in the same manner, and moreover that the deep structure of language at its deepest level may be common to all languages.
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Imitation
It is common informal observation that children are good imitator. Imitation is one of the important strategies a child use in the acquisition of language.
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Input
The speech that young children hear is primarily the speech heard in the home, and much of that speech is parental speech or the speech of older siblings.
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Discourse
In order for successful first language acquisition to take place, interaction, rather than exposure, is required; children do not learn language from over hearing the conversations of others.
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Series Method
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1. Learners are taught directly (No Translation) 2. Learners are taught conceptually (No grammer rules and explanation)
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Maximilian Berlitz Second language learning should be more like first language learning
Direct Method
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