WATER TREATMET TO TAKE CARE

Click to edit Master subtitle style CORROSSION

q q

ERROSION SCALING

9/26/12

RAW WATER IMPURITIES

Ionic & dissolvedCa++ Non Ionic & UndissolvedGaseous HCO3 Turbidity, Silt, Mud Click to edit Master subtitle style CO2 Mg + CO3Dirt, Colour, Organic matter ( tannin) H2S Na+ OHSilica, Micro Organisms O2 K+ SO4- Bacteria, OilN2 NH4+ ClCl2 Fe2+2,Fe2+3 NO39/26/12 Mn+3 PO4- --

TREATMENT STAGES
q

CLARIFICATION: Removing suspended

solids & turbidity

Click to edit MasterTo remove residual FILTRATION: subtitle style
q

turbidity
q

DM Plant: To remove salts & silica

9/26/12

BOILER WATER QUALITY CONTROL

SALTS RESPONSIBLE FOR SCALING: Permanent Hardness SO4- , CL- , NO3- . Ca++, mg++. Click to edit Master subtitle style Temporary hardness HCO3-,CO3- -, Ca++, mg ++.

9/26/12

BOILER WATER QUALITY CONTROL

Values of Thermal conductivity of scales Click to edit Master subtitle style Steel- 15 Kcal/ m2h per deg c. Caso4- 1 2 Kcal/ m2h per deg c. Caco3- 0.5-1 kcal/m2h per deg c. Sio2-- 0.2-0.5 kcal/m2h per deg c

9/26/12

BOILER WATER QUALITY CONTROL

Values of Thermal conductivity of scales Click to edit Master subtitle style Steel- 15 Kcal/ m2h per deg c. Caso4- 1 2 Kcal/ m2h per deg c. Caco3- 0.5-1 kcal/m2h per deg c. Sio2-- 0.2-0.5 kcal/m2h per deg c

9/26/12

BOILER WATER QUALITY CONTROL

Phosphate treatment for scale control

Click to edit Master subtitle style

q

By maintaining pH precipitaes

By formaing PO4 salts that

9/26/12

pH Maintain

BOILER WATER QUALITY CONTROL

pH Variation with temp

Temp (DegC) pH 0 7.9 Click to edit Master subtitle style 25 (test temp) 7.0 100 6.12 200 5.6 400 5.4

9/26/12

pH Maintain
q

BOILER WATER QUALITY CONTROL

pH at BFP discharge is maintained at 8.5 to 9.2 10.5

pH edit Master subtitle style Click toat steam drum is maintained at 9.5 to
q q

At Max temp of 480 deg C pH comes to arround 7.0

9/26/12

pH Maintain
q

BOILER WATER QUALITY CONTROL

TSP tends to increase pH by following: Na3PO4+H2O NaOH+Na2HPO4 pH never goes beyond 11.9 Little chance of carryover of NaOHadvantage over Caustic Soda Still to avoid chance drum pH<11

At pH >11.9 reaction reverses Click to edit Master subtitle style

q q q

9/26/12

BOILER WATER QUALITY CONTROL TH Removal

q

TSP forms sludge by following : 3MgSO4+3Na3PO4Mg3(PO4)2+3Na2SO4 3CaCl2+3Na3PO4Ca3(PO4)2+6NaCl

Click to edit Master subtitle style q At ph>9.5 this Mg & Ca Phosphate is colloidal in nature & precipitates
q

9.5<pH<11

9/26/12

BOILER WATER QUALITY CONTROL

THINGS RESPONSIBLE FOR CORROSION: O2: Reacts directly with Fe to form rust q 4Fe3O4+O26Fe2O3 (Haematite)Fe3O4 Click to edit Master subtitle style +4H2 q Low pH caused from the presence of CO2: CO2 + H2OH2CO3 ( Carbonic acid) Eats away metal .
q

9/26/12

Hydrazine as Oxygen Scavenger q N2H4 +O2 N2+ 2H2O . q Hydrazine- its decomposition Click to edit Master subtitle style time & PH depends upon temp. value (1700 c & 9-10 PH) . q Alternate Scavenger Sodium Sulphite-Requires high blowdown

BOILER WATER QUALITY CONTROL

9/26/12

BOILER WATER QUALITY CONTROL

Hydrazine as CO2 remover q H2CO3 +2NH3 (NH4) 2CO3+ 2H2O .
Click to edit Master subtitle style
q

But as solubility of CO2 <O2, CO2 is generally removed in Dea.

9/26/12

BOILER WATER QUALITY CONTROL Hydrazine maintains pH too

Hydrazine itself has pH 9 q pH maintain from BFP suction to Eco O/L by Hydrazine q Click steam drum by TSP In to edit Master subtitle style q From drum SH O/L to Dea again by Hydrazine q At 300 Deg C :2N2H4 4NH3+ N2 . q Ammonia Carried over with steam maintains pH
q

9/26/12

BOILER WATER QUALITY CONTROL

Hydrazine restores protective layer N2H4 + 6Fe2O3 (Haematite)
Click to edit Master subtitle style 2

4Fe3O4 (Magnetite)+2H2O+N2 .

9/26/12

BOILER WATER QUALITY CONTROL

Drawbacks of Hydrazine
q

If N2H4 >0.5 ppm NH3+H2ONH4 OH NH4 OH+Cu Cu(NH3)4+ Click to edit Master subtitle style H2O 2 q Cu(NH3)4 is soluble will cause tube leakages where Cu is present q When Cu deposits in boiler, galvanic reaction will take place bewteen Fe & Cu resulting corrosion q To maintain pH excess N2H4 should never be used

9/26/12