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Age-sex structure of population the number or proportion of the total population which falls in each category by age and sex (either single years or age groupings)

An age and sex structure represents the number of people of a given age and sex in society and is built from the input of births at age zero and from deaths and migration at every age
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Population by Age and Sex 2001

Persons 1 2 Males 3 Females 4

All ages
0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80+ Age not stated

1028610328
110447164 128316790 124846858 100215890 89764132 83422393 74274044 70574085 55738297 47408976 36587559 27653347 27516779 19806955 14708644 6551225 8038718 2738472

532156772
57119612 66734833 65632877 53939991 46321150 41557546 37361916 36038727 29878715 24867886 19851608 13583022 13586347 9472103 7527688 3263209 3918980 1500562

496453556
53327552 61581957 59213981 46275899 43442982 41864847 36912128 34535358 25859582 22541090 16735951 14070325 13930432 10334852 7180956 3288016 4119738 1237910

Age-sex structure is the product of past trends in fertility, mortality and migration and influences in turn the current levels of birth, death and migration rates

The age-sex structure determines potential for future growth of specific age groups, as well as the total population
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The age structure has significant government policy implications

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Population pyramid a graph illustrating age-sex composition of a population Single-year or five-year age groupings are stacked successively atop each other, beginning from the youngest age Either number or percent of the total population is used on a horizontal scale. Male population is plotted on the left and female population on the right side of the graph. This creates a pyramid like a figure which visually reveals unique aspects of the age-sex structure

The overall shape of the pyramid indicates the potential for future growth. The three representations of population age-sex structure provide an overall example of what a pyramid for different levels of population growth would look like rapid growth, slow growth, zero growth / negative growth.

Three Patterns of Population Change, 2000

According to a scale of Polish demographer E.Rosset: the beginning of the process of demographic aging is marked by 8-10 percent of persons aged 60 and over; when this indicator reaches 16-18 percent, one can speak about a high level of demographic aging

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On a global level, the increase in the proportion of the elderly (60+) started only after 1956 from a level of around or below 8.1 percent and is expected to reach around 14 percent by 2025 and 21 percent in 2050 By 2030 a quarter of the population of the Developed World will be over 65 years old By 2030 more than a third of the population of Europe will be over 60 years, nearly half of the population will be over 50 years of age.

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 Old and the young will represent an equal share of the worlds population by mid-century The proportion of persons aged 60 years and older is expected to double between 2000 and 2050, from 10 to 21 per cent, whereas the proportion of children is projected to drop by a third, from 30 to 21 per cent

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Major

transformations of the population age structure have altered the ratio between the retired and the working population and will continue to do so This process is reflected in the variations of dependency ratios

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The old age dependency ratio - the number of people aged 65 and over, expressed as a percentage of population aged 15-64

Child dependency ratio- the number of children in age group 0-14, expressed as a percentage of population aged 15-64.
Overall dependency = old age dependency+ child dependency
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Gradual Decline in child dependency ratio- fertility decline Ultimately leading to increase in old age dependency in the long run In between the two- the countries with agestructural transitions have demographic window of opportunities resulting from favorable working age population.
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