Jean-Franois Lyotard

a French philosopher and literary theorist. He is well known for his articulation of postmodernism after the late 1970s and the analysis of the impact of post modernity on the human condition. His work is characterised by a persistent opposition to universals, meta-narratives, and generality

 Lyotard summarises postmodern as an incredulity

towards meta-narratives. Lyotard argues that we have ceased to believe that meta-narratives are adequate to represent and contain us all. We have been introduced to new beliefs, ideas and aspirations, which means post modernity is being defined by the lack of micro-narratives.

The postmodern condition

Jean-Franois Lyotard wrote a book in 1979 called

The postmodern condition in which he stated that the method of legitimation traditionally used by science, a philosophical discourse that references a metanarrative, becomes obsolete in a postmodern society.

The postmodern condition

Lyotard states that postmodern scientific

knowledge cannot be based on performativity, because efficiency must be calculated based on a stable system. This means that nature and society are not stable systems so they can never be controlled. But their successes and progress is made through new innovations. So knowledge in the postmodern world is about change, adapting to it, and generating new ideas, not on an established rigid scientific method.

Jean Baudrillard

Introduction:
Jean Baudrillard

Jean Baudrillard July 27th 1929 March 6th 2007 Jean Baudrillard was a French sociologist, philosopher, cultural theorist, political commentator, and photographer. His work is frequently associated with postmodernism and specifically poststructuralism.

His theory
ON POSTMODERNISM

Jean Baudrillards theory relates to the

idea that we no longer have a distinction between reality as the way we determine reality has changed Instead we live in a hyperreality worldwhere reality has been replaced by simulacra and therefore signs and simulations become our society In the postmodern world media texts challenge ideas of truth and reality, as a result any media text such as films and music videos can never accurately portray reality or truth.

Hyperreali ty
Examples

The most common example Baudrillard

uses to describe hyperreality is Disney Land. For example Main Street and full sized houses have been created to look "absolutely realistic," taking visitors' imagination to a "fantastic past. This false reality creates an illusion and makes it more desirable for people to buy this reality. Therefore we no longer want whats real we want the simulation of real. Other examples include: Professional sports athletes are perceived as super, invincible versions of human beings, A newly made building or item designed to look old, or to recreate or reproduce an older artifact, by simulating the feel of age or aging

USING BAUDRILLARDS THEORY Taylor Swifts song of Were Never In a Music Video

Getting Back Together relates to Baudrillards theory as in one section of the music video she is dancing with animals which links to the fantasy theme. She is also seen in a big house in a rich neighbourhood which portrays the perfect lifestyle that we see frequently in the media. Therefore, this is simulating the idea of reality when realistically it is just representing an interpretation of the truth. As a result, it illustrates the way we are determining reality is changing.