Type Of Energy Sources

There are many type of sources to produce electricity in the world . But energy from natural sources like sun , water , coal and from wind is renewable . Hydroelectric is one renewable source used extensively at present compared to other potential sources, like tidel energy, fuel cells, thermo-electric power etc. As solar power generation is appear to be more promising let us explain this source

Introduction
Solar Energy Generating System (SEGS) is the largest solar energy generating facility in the world. It is very cheap and free from pollution. The earth receives nearly 4,000 trillion KWh of energy from the sun. At atmosphere solar power energy around the sun is 1017 W.

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And the world need only 1013 w. It mean that the sun give nearly 1000 times more energy than we actually need.

What is solar power energy!

Solar power is energy from the sun. Solar energy can be used by employing either SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTOR or PHOTOVOLTIC CELL (PV CELLS). The solar energy panels are used to collect and absorb the solar energy radiated by the sun. The solar energy knocks electrons loose from their atoms, allowing the electrons to flow through the material to produce electricity.

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They don't convert solar energy into electricity directly. Some external devices are used to convert the solar energy into electrical energy.

STAND-ALONE PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM:

The stand-alone photovoltaic power system is defined as an autonomous system that supplies power without being connected to the grid.

PROBLEMS IN WORKING OF SAPS:

Two problems raised in SAPS that are1- In case of shadow being cast by an object or a cloud over the voltage generator this may varies the solar cell module. This may affect the load conditions

2- A major problem of the batteries in SAPS due to poor functioning of the battery charges ,this include over charging . Which result in increasing running cost , due to replacement of batteries before their expected lifetime.

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PIC BASED VOLTAGE REGULATOR:

The above problems can be over come by "VOLTAGE REGULATOR which is used in between the photovoltaic panels and battery.

ADVANTAGES Of SAPS:
It involves no moving parts hence is simple compact and there is no maintain.

Voltage regulator use to supplies constant power to the batteries and helps in increasing the system efficiency.

CONCLUSION
The existing circuit does not have short protection and open circuit protection. If these two protection schemes are provided then the device will become more reliable.

Types Of Power Generation

Basically there are two types of power generations those are 1. Conventional energy sources.

2. Non-conventional energy sources.

Solar power generation is belongs to nonconventional energy sources

What is Non-conventional energy sources???

Those not derived from petroleum or coal, such as solar energy, wind energy.

What is photovoltic cell???

The word "photovoltaic" is combinations of the Greek word for 'light' and name of the physicist Aleksandra Volta. Thus photovoltaic means "light to electricity.

Working Principle Of Photovoltaic Cells:

Photovoltaic cells employ a solid-state diode structure having a large area on a silicon wafer. The surface layer is very thin transparent, so that light can reach the junction region of the silicon sandwich. In that region the photons are absorbed, releasing charges from their atomic bonds. These charges migrate to the terminals, raising the potential. A single cell has an open circuit with the voltage of approximately 0.6-1.0 volts and short circuit current of a few milliamps.

Type Of Solar power.

1- Light from the sun. 2- Heat from the sun 1- first is to generate electricity directly(photovoltaic technologies). 2- second is use to heat from the sun to increase the temperature of a working fluid to generate electricity(solar thermal technologies)

Acknowledgement
The element most commonly used in the fabrication of solar cell is silicon. A solar cell or pv cell is simply a diode of large area that is forward biased with a photovoltage. Standard sunlight condition on a clear day are assumed to be 1000W of solar energy per square meter ( 1000 W-m^-2 or 1 KW-m^-2) this condition is called ONE SUNor PEAK SUN. If cell operating less than one sun then output of the cell is reduced .

Uses of solar power

Heating of water Lighting a house Cooking Power cars and other forms of transportation Production of electricity for the masses

Advantages of solar energy

Electric bills dramatically drop No power outages No pollunats Solar energy is free - it needs no fuel and produces no waste or pollution. In sunny countries, solar power can be used where there is no easy way to get electricity to a remote place. Handy for low-power uses such as solar powered garden lights and battery chargers, or for helping your home energy bills.

Disadvantages of solar energy

Doesn't work at night. Very expensive to build solar power stations, although the cost is coming down as technology improves. Can be unreliable unless you're in a very sunny climate.

Technology development treads

Integration of solar energy in buildings. Solar lights. Solar city demo in boding. Solar energy sea water desalination. Solar drying technique and its application. Medium and high temperature utilization.

The house of the future

Top Five Solar Plant In The World

1- Olmedilla Photovoltaic Park, Spain. 2. Puertollano Photovoltaic Park, Spain. 3. Moura photovoltaic power station, Portugal. 4. Waldpolenz Solar Park, Germany. 5. Arnedo Solar Plant, Spain.

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