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Hardware Fundamentals
Description
the power supply unit located inside the system unit by simply finding the input where the power cord is plugged in. Without opening your computer, If you were remove the power supply, it would look like a metal box with a fan inside and some cables attached to it.
Motherboard Description
Composed of electronic circuitries Found inside the system unit Mounted in stand off The widest part of inside the system unit All devices attached on it
Types of motherboard
(the types of motherboard usually varies on the type of power supply)
1. AT (Advance Technology)
Motherboard power supply connector 12 pins only
2. ATX (Advance Technology Extended) Motherboard power supply connector 20 or 24 pins (note: the 4 pins is separated from 20 pins)
Function of motherboard
The main circuit board Accommodate all hardware attached(some hardware need software installation) It serve as the bus of all processing. It provide socket, slots, controller, ports pins for all devices.
How it works?
CPU (Processor)
CPU Description
is usually small and square with many short, rounded, metallic connectors on its underside. Some older CPUs have pins instead metallic connectors.
2.
CPU manufacturer
Intel (Integrated Electronics)
Function of CPU
responsible for interpreting and executing most of the commands from the computer's hardware and software. Also known as brain of computer system
Executing: once the processor knows the meaning of the bits by the decoder, it goes then to the execute phase. In this phase, the processor makes the necessary operation as denoted by the decoder. Write Back: once the processor done the operation, it writes it back to the memory in the place denoted by the instruction. This result may be fed to other instructions in the same program.
Description
hard drive is usually the size of a paperback book but much heavier. a device for storing and retrieving digital information, primarily computer data. It consists of one or more rigid (hence "hard") rapidly rotating discs (platters) coated with magnetic material, and with magnetic heads arranged to write data to the surfaces and read it from them.
IDE : Integrated Drive Electronics. IDE drives are also known as PATA drives( Parallel advance technology attachment )
Function
a device that is used to store large amounts of data in a computer system. A non-volatile, information retain even when they do not have power. hard disk drives also contain all of a computer's operating data, including the operating system. In configurations with multiple hard drives, they are also useful in backing up data for retrieval purposes.
Description
An optical drive is about the size of a thick soft cover book. The front of the drive has a small Open/Close button that ejects and retracts the drive bay door. The back end of the optical drive contains a port for a cable that connects to the motherboard and connection for power from the power supply.
IDE : Integrated Drive Electronics. IDE drives are also known as PATA drives( Parallel advance technology attachment )
Function
Most optical drives can play and/or record onto a large number of different disc formats(music, documents, video and software).
Parts
Memory Chip
Memory Description
Desktop memory is long, thin and resembles a short ruler. The bottom of the memory module has one or more notches to guide for proper installation and is lined with numerous, usually gold-plated connectors.
Types of memory
There are lots, too many to name. Some of the popular ones are: EDO (Obsolete)SDRAM (MostlyObsolete) RAMBUS (Obsolete) - Data transfers fast, but takes a long time to find. Only used on P4 systems. DDR/DDR2/DDR3 - Current technology. Basically a pumped up version of SDRAM DDR2
SRAM Static random access memory, SRAM, is used in PCs, workstations, routers and many other devices. SRAM does not need to be periodically refreshed with power to retain its information, like dynamic random access memory (see below).
DRAM Dynamic random access memory is different from SRAM in that the chip must be periodically recharged with power to keep the information on it from fading, leading to higher power consumption than SRAM. A new version of DRAM called single data rate synchronous DRAM, SDR DRAM, led to faster computing and higher memory capacities.
DDR SDRAM
Double Data Rate synchronous dynamic random access memory, or DDR SDRAM, is found in many modern computers. It performs twice as fast as single data rate SDRAM. It first appeared in the year 2000. RAM has a specific data capacity, measured in megabytes or gigabytes, as well as an overall operating speed. DDR SDRAM has capacities of up to 1 gigabyte, good for most average computing. But its maximum speed of 333 MHz is slower than many other types of RAM now found on the market.
DDR2 SDRAM
DDR2 SDRAM is twice as fast as DDR SDRAM because computer engineers found a way to double the rate at which information could be added and subtracted from memory.
Types of DDR2 DDR2-533 DDR2-667 DDR2-800 DDR2-1066
DDR3 SDRAM
DDR3 SDRAM is twice as fast as DDR2 and is considered the top of the line for consumer performance. DDR3 came out in 2007 and runs at the fastest consumer sped for RAM, 1066 MHz. You'll find it in the new 27" iMac, for example.
Types of DDR3 DDR3-800 DDR3-1066 DDR3-1333 DDR3-1600
DDR4 SDRAM
DDR4 SDRAM will succeed DDR3, and should come out in 2012, with starting speeds of 1600 GHz, which is faster than any RAM out there now. Speeds could rise to 3.2 GHz, blindingly fast for RAM.
Flash memory
Flash memory is a type of RAM that holds memory even when electricity is powered off. It's used often in memory cards and USB flash drives. Flash is a special type of electrically erasable and programmable memory that offers fast read access times and tougher durability that a hard disc.
Video Card
2. AGP Card AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is much better compare to PCI.
3. PCIE Card
(Peripheral Components Interconnect express)
Description
An expansion card that has network ports Commonly PCI card and build-in in motherboard, ( for laptop, notebook, iPod, cell phones, etc.) and USB.
Types of NIC
1. Wired LAN Card
Usually used UTP, Coaxial and Fiber optic
NIC Ports
BNC Port (Bayonet NeillConcelman)
Function of AVR
Designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level A device or circuit that maintains a load voltage nearly constant over a range of variations of input voltage and load current. it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages.
function
is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source, typically mains power, fails UPS is typically used to protect computers, data centers, telecommunication equipment or other electrical equipment where an unexpected power disruption could cause injuries, fatalities, serious business disruption or data loss