Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities

6.2 Types of Reactions

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Types of Reactions
Chemical reactions can be classified as combination reactions decomposition reactions single replacement reactions double replacement reactions

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Combination Reaction
In a combination reaction, two or more elements (or simple compounds) combine to form one product

2Mg(s) + O2(g) 2Na(s) + Cl2(g) SO3(g) + H2O(l)

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

2MgO(s) 2NaCl(s) H2SO4(aq)

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 3

Formation of MgO

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Decomposition Reaction
In a decomposition reaction, one substance splits into two or more simpler substances

2HgO(s)
2KClO3(s)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

2Hg(l) + O2(g)
2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 5

Decomposition of HgO

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Check
Classify the following reactions as: 1) combination or 2) decomposition

___A. H2(g) + Br2(g)

___B. Al2(CO3)3(s) ___C. 4Al(s) + 3C(s)

2HBr(l)
Al2O3(s) + 3CO2(g) Al4C3(s)

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution
Classify the following reactions as: 1) combination or 2) decomposition 1 A. H2(g) + Br2(g) 2 B. Al2(CO3)3(s) 1 C. 4Al(s) + 3C(s) 2HBr(l) Al2O3(s) + 3CO2(g) Al4C3(s)

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Single Replacement Reaction

In a single replacement reaction, one element takes the place of a different element in a reacting compound

Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq)

ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Zn and HCl Combine in a Single Replacement Reaction

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

10

Double Replacement Reaction

In a double replacement, two elements in the reactants exchange places

AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)
ZnS(s) + 2HCl(aq)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
ZnCl2(aq) + H2S(g)
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 11

Example of Double Replacement

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

12

Learning Check
Classify each of the following reactions as: 1) single replacement or 2) double replacement

A. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) B. Na2SO4(aq) + 2AgNO3(aq) C. 3C(s) + Fe2O3(s)

Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g) Ag2SO4(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)

2Fe(s) + 3CO(g)

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

13

Solution
Classify each of the following reactions as: 1) single replacement or 2) double replacement

1 A. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) 2 B. Na2SO4(aq) + 2AgNO3(aq)

Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g)

Ag2SO4(s) + 2NaNO3(aq) 1 C. 3C(s) + Fe2O3(s)

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

2Fe(s) + 3CO(g)
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 14

Learning Check
Identify each of the following reactions as: 1) combination 2) decomposition 3) single replacement 4) double replacement

A. B. C. D. E.

3Ba(s) + N2(g) Hg(l) + 2HCl(aq) SiO2(s) + 4HF(aq) PbCl2(aq) + K2SO4(aq) K2CO3(s)

Ba3N2(s) HgCl2(aq) + H2(g) SiF4(g) + 2H2O(l) 2KCl(aq) + PbSO4(s) K2O(s) + CO2(g)

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

15

Solution
Identify each of the following reactions as: 1) combination 2) decomposition 3) single replacement 4) double replacement

1 A. 3Ba(s) + N2(g)
3 B. Hg(l) + 2HCl(aq) 4 C. SiO2(s) + 4HF(aq)

Ba3N2(s)
HgCl2(s) + H2(g) SiF4(g) + 2H2O(l)

4 D. PbCl2(aq) + K2SO4(aq)
2 E. K2CO3(s)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

2KCl(aq) + PbSO4(s)
K2O(s) + CO2(g)
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 16