MICROSCOPY

Ms. Suzzeth M. Untalan, MBio Manila Central University

A Brief History of the Microscope:

First microscopes were constructed in the Netherlands during the late 1500s. Actual inventor uncertain, but credit is often given to Zacharias Janssen; however, other possible inventors are Hans Lippershey (inventor of the first real telescope) and Zacharias father, Hans Janssen

History of the microscope:

1. First microscope with high magnification and good image quality was developed by Anthony van Leeuwenhoek (1633 - 1723) about 1670. 2. Leeuwenhoek used beads formed from drops of molten glass as his lenses. 3. These were mounted in a metal plate that had an adjustable stage on which the specimen to be examined was mounted.

4. Natural light or light from a candle flame was used to illuminate the specimen.

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History of the microscope:

Microscope design quickly evolved from better simple microscopes (one lens) to more sophisticated compound (more than one lens in series) models with greatly improved image quality and magnification.

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Histology = 2 dimensional image

A section is a slice of tissue Orientation when sectioned affects what you see.

Section of Round Solid Object

A B A

Sections cut through a curved tube

MICROSCOPY
The tool that serves to progressed the study of cells Uses a microscope Magnification refers to how much larger the object appears compared to its real size Resolving power or Resolution measures the clarity of the image

TYPES OF MICROSCOPE
Light Microscope the models found in most schools, use compound lenses and light to magnify objects. The lenses bend or refract the light, which makes the object beneath them appear closer.

TYPES OF MICROSCOPE
Electron Microscope uses a beam of electrons through the specimen 2kinds: 1. Scanning Electron Microscope - allow scientists to view a universe too small to be seen with a light microscope. SEMs do not use light waves; they use electrons (negatively charged electrical particles) to magnify objects up to two million times. (SURFACE OF THE CELL) 2. Transmission Electron Microscope - also uses electrons, but instead of scanning the surface (as with SEM's) electrons are passed through very thin specimens. (INTERNAL ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CELLS)

electron microscope

View on EM

Paramecium on SEM

WBC on TEM

TEM Images

Figure 4.13

SEM Images

Figure 4.15

SEM Images

Figure 4.15

SEM Images

Figure 4.15

SEM Images

Figure 4.15

TYPES OF MICROSCOPE
OTHERS Brightfield Microscope Darkfield Microscope Phase-contrast Microscope Fluorescent Microscope

Phase Contrast Microscope

Useful for the study of the unstained cell, either living or fixed

Flourescence Microscope
This reveals self luminescence of naturally occurring fluorescent dyes bound to particles, components, or antibodies of cells Uses selective wavelengths of light to illuminate the biological specimens

Units of Measurement
Micrometer 1m 0.001 m 10,000A Nanometer 1nm 0.001 m 10A Angstrom unit A 0.1 nm 0.0001 m

Limits of Resolution

Figure 4.3

Assignment:
DRAW A TYPICAL COMPOUND MICROSCOPE AND LABEL ITS PARTS.

THE END