RECENT TRENDS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES

contents
Types of sources Solar power Hydro power Wind power Biomass Solar-hydrogen Geothermal sustainable energy conclusion

Renewable Energy Resources

Solarpassive and active Hydroelectric power Wind generation Biomass Geothermal

Nuclear power Tidal power

Solar power

Using Solar Energy to Provide Heat and Electricity

Passive solar heating Active solar heating

Using Solar Energy to Provide HighTemperature Heat and Electricity

Solar Cell Trade-Offs

Solar thermal systems Photovoltaic (PV) cells

Solar Energy in India

Gujarat contributes 66.9 % of electricity from solar power.

Why Solar Power?

By 2022 solar power will cost less then Grid tariff, in turn without Government tariff band subsidiary, solar power plant is viable. By 2030, Solar power PV Route tariff will cost less than Rs 3/ Rs 2.

Hydroelectric power

Producing Electricity from Moving Water

Large-scale hydropower Small-scale hydropower Major environmental impacts High construction costs

Impacts of hydropower
Pollution Disruption of water flow Loss of biodiversity

Impacts of hydropower on Species and People_______________

Dams can provide many human benefits but: Disrupts ecological services rivers provide; hydroelectric dams will restore native spawning grounds. Displaces millions of people worldwide as reservoirs flood traditional homelands. No room for expansion in the country.

Wind power

Wind power in India

Tamil Nadu contributes about 6007 MW from wind mills.

ADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER:

1. The wind is free and with modern technology it can be captured efficiently. 2. Once the wind turbine is built the energy it produces does not cause green house gases or other pollutants. 3. Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a small plot of land. This means that the land below can still be used. This is especially the case in agricultural areas as farming can still continue.

DISADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER:

Wind turbines are noisy. Each one can generate the same level of noise as a family car travelling at 70 mph. Many people see large wind turbines as unsightly structures and not pleasant or interesting to look at. They disfigure the countryside and are generally ugly. When wind turbines are being manufactured some pollution is produced. Therefore wind power does produce some pollution.

Bio mass

Biomass
Biofuels Biomass plantations Crop residues Animal manure Biogas Ethanol Methanol

Geothermal Energy
Geothermal reservoirs Dry steam Wet steam Hot water Molten rock Hot dry-rock zones

Geothermal Reservoirs

Nuclear power

Nuclear power
In current situation India holds Twenty nuclear power reactors produce 4,780.00 MW (2.9% of total installed base) In future kudankulam will be one of major contributors of generating 2000 MW

Advantages
Reliability Low Fuel Cost Low Electricity Cost No Greenhouse Gas Emissions/Air Pollution High Load Factor Huge Potential

Disadvantages
Nuclear and Radiation Accidents Nuclear Waste Disposal Low level of Radioactivity from Normal Operations Nuclear proliferation High Capital Investment , Cost Overruns and Long Gestation Time Regulations Fuel Danger

Tidal power

TIDAL POWER

Red areas show most intense tidal energy

Developing Nations that could receive significant benefits from Tidal Energy
________________________________________

Indian Ocean: Comoros, Madagascar, Maldives, Seychelles. Asia: China, India, Indonesia, Korea, Philippines, Vietnam. Pacific Ocean: Fiji, Kiribati, Micronesia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor, Tuvalu, Vanuatu. Central and South America: Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Surinam. Atlantic Ocean: Cape Verde. All coastal nations with tidal passes between coral reefs or offshore islands.

Advantages
1) It is an inexhaustible source of energy. 2) Tidal energy is environment friendly energy and doesn't produce greenhouse gases. 3) As 71% of Earths surface is covered by water, there is scope to generate this energy on large scale.

Disadvantages
Influences aquatic life adversely and can disrupt migration of fish. Cost of construction of tidal power plant is high. Usually the places where tidal energy is produced are far away from the places where it is consumed. This transmission is expensive and difficult.

Creating a Sustainable Energy Future

Increase fuel efficiency standards for vehicle, appliances, buildings Tax and other financial incentives for energy efficiency Subsidize renewable energy use, research and development Internalize externalities for fossil fuels By 2050:
Increase renewable energy to 50% cut coal use by 50% phase out nuclear altogether

A Sustainable Energy Strategy

OVERALL COMPARISON

Country INDIA CHINA USA JAPAN DENMARK

Renewable sources 2.00 .050 17.00 1.00 2.00

Total installed capacity 108.00 294.00 795.00 229.00 13.00

Cost comparison
Biomass ($0.029-$0.09/kWh) Wind ($0.038-$0.06/kWh) Geothermal ($0.039-$0.30/kWh) Hydro ($0.051-$0.11/kWh) Solar ($0.15-$0.30/kWh)

conclusion

References
Google Wikipedia

Any queries

Thank you
Promoting freedom from Fossil Fuelsbut the time is running out soon, there will be nothing left to burn on the earth but earth itself.