WiMAX: Broadband Wireless Access

Presented: Julian Kamberi

Wireless Networks Spring 2012-Ing.Julian Kamberi

802.16 Standards Development

Use wireless links with microwave or millimeter wave radios Use licensed spectrum (unlicensed too in 802.16a) Metropolitan in scale Provide public network service to fee-paying customers Point-to-multipoint architecture with rooftop or tower-mounted antennas
10-66 GHz 802.16a extension to 2-11 GHz

802.16 Standards Development

Provide efficient transport of heterogeneous traffic supporting QoS Capable of broadband transmissions (2-75 Mbps)
Accommodate both continuous and bursty traffic

Mobile extensions: 802.16e

IEEE 802.16 Protocol Architecture

Wireless Networks Spring 2007

Protocol Architecture
Physical layer functions:
Encoding/decoding of signals Preamble generation/removal Bit transmission/reception

Medium access control layer functions:

On transmission, assemble data into a frame with address and error detection fields On reception, disassemble frame, and perform address recognition and error detection Govern access to the wireless transmission medium

Protocol Architecture
Convergence layer functions:
Encapsulate PDU framing of upper layers into native 802.16 MAC/PHY frames Map upper layers addresses into 802.16 addresses Translate upper layer QoS parameters into native 802.16 MAC format Adapt time dependencies of upper layer traffic into equivalent MAC service

IEEE 802.16 Services

Digital audio/video multicast Digital telephony ATM Internet protocol Bridged LAN Back-haul Frame relay

Burst Profiles
Each subscriber station negotiates a burst profile with the base station Burst profiles decided based on QoS needs and channel conditions
Harsher environment demands more robust profiles Favorable environment allows efficient profiles

IEEE 802.16.1 Frame Format

Header - protocol control information
Downlink header used by the base station Uplink header used by the subscriber to convey bandwidth management needs to base station Bandwidth request header used by subscriber to request additional bandwidth

Payload either higher-level data or a MAC control message CRC error-detecting code

Physical Layer: Uplink

Stations transmit in in their assigned allocation specified in an initial map Uplink sub-frame may also contain contentionbased allocations for initial system access Uses a DAMA-TDMA technique Error correction uses Reed-Solomon codes Modulation scheme based on QPSK, 16-QAM or 64-QAM

Physical Layer: Downlink

Continuous downstream mode

Wireless Networks Spring 2007

For continuous transmission (audio/video) Simple TDM scheme is used for channel access Frequency division duplex (FDD)

Burst downstream mode

For bursty transmission (IP-based traffic) DAMA-TDMA scheme for channel access FDD with adaptive modulation, frequency shift division duplexing (FSDD), time division duplexing (TDD)

Medium Access Control (MAC)

Connection-oriented
All services inherently connectionless mapped to a connection

Connections referenced using a 16-bit connection identifier (CID) Management channels and transport channels for contracted services

Radio Link Control

Power control and paging Transition among burst profiles Downlink burst profile change
Subscriber station monitors downlink quality Requests a new profile Granted if base station judges possible

Uplink profile change

Base station monitors the uplink signal quality Specifies the new profiles usage code when granting subscriber bandwidth in a frame

Bandwidth Requests & Grants

Wireless Networks Spring 2007

Two kinds of subscribers

Grant per connection (GPC) Grant per subscriber (GPSS)

Both classes request bandwidth per connection for QoS guarantees For GPC, bandwidth explicitly guaranteed to connection For GPSS, bandwidth aggregated into a single grant for SS

Requesting Bandwidth
Unsolicited grants
No need to request bandwidth for services that generate fixed units of data periodically Negotiated at connection setup time

Send a bandwidth request MAC packet Piggyback request within MAC data packet Polling by base station

MAC Management Messages

Uplink and downlink channel descriptor Uplink and downlink access definition Ranging request and response Registration request, response and acknowledge Privacy key management request and response Dynamic service addition request, response and acknowledge

MAC Management Messages

Dynamic service change request, response, and acknowledge Dynamic service deletion request and response Multicast polling assignment request and response Downlink data grant type request ARQ acknowledgment