5.

4 Solution and Solubility of Substance

Chapter 5 WATER AND SOLUTION

by Hayat

Solute, solvent and solution

A solute is the substance that dissolves. A solvent is the substance that the solute dissolves in.

A solution is formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent and is evenly mixed.

by Hayat

This is what its means..

by Hayat

Dilute, Concentrated and Saturated Solution

by Hayat

A dilute solution is a solution that has very little solute

Larutan cair

A concentrated solution is a solution that has a lot of solute ( larutan pekat)

A saturated solution is a solution that has the maximum amount of solute. A saturated solution cannot dissolve any additional solute that is added to it (larutan by Hayat tepu)

Similarities Between Dilute, Concentrated and Saturated Solution

Similarities - All prepared by dissolving solute with solvent. - All have cleared appearance.

by Hayat

Difference Between Dilute, Concentrated and Saturated Solution

Dilute Has a little solute in it Can dissolve a lot more solute Concentrated Has a lot of solute in it Can only dissolve a little more solute Saturated Has maximum amount of solute in it Cannot dissolve more solute

by Hayat

Solution, suspension
A

solution is formed when its components are evenly mixed. Some examples of solutions are bromine water, water and alcohol, fizzy drinks and perfume. A suspension is a mixture in which its solid or liquid particles are suspended in a liquid or a gas. Some examples of suspensions are muddy water, some medicines and sea water.

Solution, suspension

Factors affecting the rate of dissolving

There

are a few factors that affect the rate of dissolving, namely I. Temperature of solvent II. Rate of stirring III. Size of solute particles IV. Volume of solvent

I.

Temperature higher the temperature, the faster the solute will dissolve.
the copper sulphate in B will dissolve faster.

The
So,

II.

Rate of stirring

Stirring

speeds up the rate of dissolving. So, the solute in B will dissolve faster.

III. Size of solute particles

The

smaller the size of the solute particle, the faster the solute will dissolve. So, the solute in B will dissolve faster.

IV. Volume of solvent

The

greater the volume of the solvent, the higher is the rate of dissolving. So, the solute in A will dissolve faster.

Water as a solvent

Water is a universal solvent because water can dissolve many types of substances

i)

The importance of water as a solvent Dissolves oxygen and carbon dioxide for aquatic organisms

ii)

Rainwater enables plants to absorb mineral salt from soil

iii)

Water is also used as a solvent in industry, in laboratories and at our homes

iv)

Water is used as a solvent in our body in digestion, circulation, respiration and excretion processes

Organic solvents and their uses

Water cannot dissolve organic substances such as oil and grease Different types of organic substances dissolve in different organic solvent Organic solvents are used to remove dirt on clothes, our bodies, the floor etc

Organic solvent Substances that are dissolved (a) alcohol - chlorophyll - varnish - iodine - shellac - ballpoint pen ink (b) kerosene - fresh paint - oil - tar (c) turpentine - iodine - grease (d) petrol - fresh paint - oil - wax - grease - latex - tar (e) acetone - lipstick (f) amyl acetate - nail polish (g) ethyl acetate - iodine Several organic solvent commonly used and the substances that dissolve in them

Organic solvent (h) ether (i) citric acid (j) lime juice (k) chloroform (l) milk (m) Common salt solution (n) borax solution (o) benzene

Substances that are dissolved - grease - oil - fats - fruit stains - rust - plastic - ink - blood coffee or tea stains - latex
-

- grease stains

Several organic solvent commonly used and the substances that dissolve in them