Workshop Hand Tools

LECTURE # 1

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools For Turning Tools And Handling And Gripping Tools For Hammering And Driving Tools For Cutting And Forming Tools For Drilling And Reaming Tools For Material For Grinding Tools For Pulling

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
Spanners(Wrenches): Types: 1) Open end Spanners 2) Ring Spanners 3) Combination Spanner 4) Adjustable spanners 5) Socket Spanners 6) Flare nut Spanners

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
1)

Open end Spanners

Turning square head nuts and bolts. Size is determined by width of opening. End is usually offset 15 degrees, each end is a different size Application Used in positions where a socket wrench set or a boxend wrench (offset wrench) cannot be used to remove or replace a bolt / nut.

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
1) Open end Spanners
1.The shaft is attached at an angle to the jaw. This means that through turning the open end wrench (spanner) over, it can be used to rotate further in a restricted space.
2.To prevent the opposite part from turning, such as when loosening a fuel pipe, use two open end wrenches (spanners) to loosen a nut.

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
2) Ring Spanners (Box end Spanner)

Application Used in additional tightening and similar operations, since it can apply a large torque to bolt / nut.

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
2) Ring Spanners (Box end Spanner)
1. Since the jaw is double hexagonal, fitting bolt / nut is easy. It can be refitted in a restricted space. 2. Since the hexagonal surface of the bolt / nut is surrounded, there is no danger of damage to the corners of the bolt, and a large torque can be applied.

3. Since the shaft is angled, it can be used to turn bolt / nut in a recessed space or on a flat surface

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
3) Combination Spanners: One end open, one end boxed both the same size can be different lengths Turning hex and square nuts and bolts.

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
4) Adjustable spanners Application Used with bolt / nut of irregular sizes, or to hold down SST

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
4) Adjustable spanners
Turning the adjusting screw changes the bore. One adjustable wrench can therefore be used in place of multiple openend wrenches (spanners). Not suitable for applying a large torque. Instructions Turn the adjusting screw to fit the bore to the head of the bolt / nut being used.

NOTICE: Turn the wrench with the adjusting jaw positioned in the rotating direction. If the wrench is not turned this way, pressure is applied to the adjusting screw, which may be damaged

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
5 ) Socket Spanners Tubular type spanners that fits over the nut. Used with a detachable handle. The drive end of the handle has a square end which fits into a square hole in the socket

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
5 ) Socket Spanners
Application This tool holds on the bolt / nut that can be removed or replaced with a socket wrench set. 1. Size of socket There are two sizes available - large and small. The larger part can achieve greater torque than the smaller one. 2. Depth of socket There are two types - standard, and deep, which is 2 or 3 times deeper than standard. The deep type can be applied to the nut that the bolt projects, which do not fit into the standard type socket. 3. Jaws There are two types- double hexagonal and hexagonal. The hexagonal part gains a large contact surface with bolt / nut, making it extremely difficult to damage the surface of the bolt / nut.

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
5 ) Socket Spanners

Socket Adapter
Application Used as a connector to change the size of the socket square drive. NOTICE: Over- large torque places a load on the socket itself or on small bolts. Torque should be applied according to defined tightening limits.

1. Socket adapter (Large - small) 2. Socket adapter (Small - large) 3. Socket with small drive size 4.Socket with large drive size

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
5 ) Socket Spanners Universal Joint
Application The socket square drive can be moved back and forth, or left and right, and the angle of the handle in relation to the socket wrench can be changed freely, making this a useful tool for work in restricted spaces.
NOTICE: Do not apply torque with the handle tilted to a large angle. Do not use for an air tool. The joint may become detached, as it is unable to absorb the rotation swing, and cause damage to the tool, the part or the vehicle.

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
5 ) Socket Spanners

Extension Bar
Application Can be used to remove and replace bolt / nut which are positioned too deeply to be reached. An extension bar can also be used to raise the tool from a flat surface for easier access.

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
5 ) Socket Spanners Spinner Handle
Application This handle is used for removing and replacing bolt / nut where a large torque is required. The socket jaw has hinged movement, which allows the angle of the handle to be adjusted to fit the socket wrench. The handle slides, allowing the length of the grip to be changed.
CAUTION: Slide the handle until it clicks into the lock position before use. If it is not in the lock position, the handle could slide in or out during use. This could alter the technician's working posture and lead to injury.

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
5 ) Socket Spanners Sliding Handle
Application This handle can be used two ways by sliding the socket drive portion. 1. L-shape: For improved torque 2. T-shape: For increased speed

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
5 ) Socket Spanners Ratchet Handle
Application Turn the set lever to the right for tightening a bolt / nut and to the left for loosening. Bolt / nut can be turned in a single direction without the need to reattach the socket wrench. The socket wrench can be locked with a small return angle, allowing work in a restricted space. NOTICE: Do not apply over- large torque. This may damage the construction of the ratchet.
1. Loosening 2. Tightening

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
6) Tubing Wrench - Flare Nut Box type wrench with section cut away. One end sometimes might be open like a combination wrench.

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
6) Spanner Sizes Spanners are marked with the size of the nut or head of the bolt on which they will be used The dimension across the nut or bolt head from one flat side to the other, referred to as across the flat Metric spanner are marked in millimeters. Typical Markings are 6mm,7mm, 8mm,10mm, 12mm, 14mm, 17mm, 19mm etc

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
Torque Wrenches Torque wrenches are used to tighten bolts and nuts to a specified torque. Torque wrenches are used because over tighten could cause distortion of parts, stripped threads or broken bolts, while under tightening could allow a bolt or nut to become loose

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
Pipe Wrench Turning and holding metal pipe.

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LECTURE # 2

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
Screw Drivers A screwdriver is a tool for driving screws and rotating other machine elements with the mating drive system. There are two common types of screw drivers available Flat Philips

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
Screw Drivers
Instructions Use the proper size of the screwdriver, which fits the grooves in the screw. Keep the screwdriver aligned straight with the shank of the screw, and turn while applying pressure. NOTICE: Do not use slip joint pliers or other tools to over- apply torque. This may shave the grooves on the screw or damage the tip of the screwdriver

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
Screw Drivers
Choosing a screwdriver according to use While ordinary screwdrivers are most frequently used, the following types of screwdrivers are also available for different uses: A. Penetration screwdriver Can be used to apply impact to a fixed screw. B. Stubby screwdriver Can be used to remove and replace screws in confined spaces.

C. Square- shank screwdriver Can be used where the application of a large torque is required.
D. Fine screwdriver Can be used to remove and replace small parts. 1. Shank completely penetrates handle. 2. Shank is square.

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for turning
Wheel Braces

Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for holding and gripping Pliers
Pliers are a hand tool used to hold objects firmly, for cutting, bending, or physical compression.

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for holding and gripping
Pliers Needle-Nose Pliers Application Used to operate in tight spaces or to grip small parts. The pincers are long and thin, making it suitable for work in tight spaces. Includes a blade towards the neck, which can cut fine wire, or remove insulation from electrical wires. NOTICE: Do not over- apply pressure to the pincer tips. They may be bent open, rendering them useless for detailed work. 1. Transformation 2. Before transformation

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for holding and gripping
Pliers Slip-Joint Pliers Application Used to grip things. Changing the position of the hole at the fulcrum allows the extent to which the jaws open to be adjusted. The jaws can be used to nip or grip and pull. Fine wire can be cut at the neck. NOTICE: Easily damaged items should be covered with a protective cloth or other covering, before being gripped with pliers.
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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for holding and gripping
Pliers Cutting Pliers (Nipper) Application Used for cutting fine wire. Since the tip of the blades are rounded, it can be used for cutting fine wires, or selecting only the required wire for cutting out of a harness. NOTICE: Cannot be used to cut hard or thick wire. Doing so may cause damage to the blades.

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for holding and gripping

Pliers
Circlip Plier
These special pliers are used to remove and replace circlips or snap ring

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for holding and gripping
Pliers Locking Pliers or Vice grips: These pliers have a double lever action which gives the jaws a very tight grip

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for holding and gripping
Plier Tongs: Long handled tongs are used to hold hot objects, such as parts being welded

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for holding and gripping
Bench vice A vise or vice is a mechanical screw apparatus used for holding or clamping a work piece to allow work to be performed on it with tools such as saws, planes, drills, mills, screwdrivers, sandpaper, etc.

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for Hammering and Driving
Hammers A hammer is a tool meant to deliver an impact to an object

The most common uses are for driving nails, fitting parts, forging metal and breaking up objects

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for Hammering and Driving
Hammers Types Of Hammer Ballpein hammer Crosspein hammer Panel Hammer Sledge hammer Soft Head Hammer

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for Hammering and Driving
Hammers
Ballpein hammer: This is the most commonly used hammer in workshops

The flat face is used for striking punches and chisel and also for general work

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for Hammering and Driving
Hammers

Crosspein hammer: It is useful for work in corners which are not accessible with ball pein

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for Hammering and Driving
Hammers
Panel Hammer: That is specially shaped hammers that is used with a dolly for beating out damaged body panels

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for Hammering and Driving
Hammers
Sledge hammer This is a heavy hammer with a long handle which has little application in automotive work.

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for Hammering and Driving
Hammers Soft Head Hammer These are used for surfaces that can easily be marked

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for Hammering and Driving
Punches Punches are used to drive out rivets or pins align parts for assembly, mark locations of holes to be drilled.

Types
Center punches Starting and pin punches Drift

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for Hammering and Driving
Punches

Center Punch
Application Used to mark parts. The blade tip has been hardened, with tempering. NOTICE: 1. Do not strike too hard when marking. 2. The tip of the blade should be maintained using an oilstone.
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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for Hammering and Driving
Punches

Pin Punch
Application Used for romoving and replacing of pins, and for adjusting of pins. The punch tip has been hardened, with tempering. Two sizes of punch tip match all pins. Incorporates a rubber cushion, which ensures that the part is not damaged when stuck. Instructions Apply force vertically onto the pin. The rubber cushion can also be set to cover both the punch and the pin, and the pin held while force is applied.
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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for Hammering and Driving
Punches Prick Punches A prick punch is similar to a center punch but used for marking out. It has a sharper angled tip to produce a narrower and deeper point. The mark can then be enlarged with a center punch for drilling

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for Cutting and forming
Hacksaws Hacksaw are used for cutting the metal. Hacksaw is basically an adjustable metal frame that holds the steel saw blades

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for Cutting and forming
Chisel

A chisel is a tool with a characteristically shaped cutting edge of blade on its end, for carving or cutting a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal.

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for Cutting and forming
Files A file is a metalworking and wo odworking tool used to cut fine amounts of material from a work piece. They have many cutting edges or teeth

Types of Files
1. Single Cut File 2. Double Cut File
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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for Drilling and Reaming Twist Drills

Drill bits or twist drills are tools for making holes

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for Threading
Taps Taps are used to cut internal threads

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for Threading

Dies

Dies are used for cutting external threads

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools and Material for Grinding and abrading Grinding Wheels
A bench grinder is a type of benchtop grinding machine used to drive abrasive wheels. Depending on the grade of the grinding wheel it may be used for sharpening cutting tools such as lathe tools or drill bits. Alternatively it may be used to roughly shape metal prior to welding or fitting. A wire brush wheel or buffing wheels can be interchanged with the grinding wheels in order to clean or polish work-pieces.

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Workshop Hand Tools

Tools for Pulling and Pushing
Pullers Pullers remove parts assembled with an interference fit This include removing gears and hub from shafts and bushing from blind holes. Pullers also remove seals from bores and cylinder liner from engine block

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