Secondary Education in Pakistan

In All Educational policies of the Country

 Secondary

Importance of Secondary Education

education comprises four years of study from classes IX to XII.It is an important sub-sector of the entire education system. On the one hand, it provides the middle level work force; on the other hand, it acts as feeder for higher levels of education. The quality of higher education depends on the quality of secondary education

First terminal stage for most of the students. Secondary education is a stage where students enter adolescence. This is most crucial stage of life .Basic concepts and modes of behavior start taking shape at this stage. This is most crucial stage of life .Basic concepts and modes of behavior start taking shape at this stage.

Cont:

Cont:

Four years of secondary education, therefore, provides an excellent opportunity for the educational experts to launch programs that will mold the students into proper forms of behavior and attitude

In the past, secondary education could not attract attention in all the educational policies in terms of efforts and investment. The perennial problem of illiteracy and backwardness in the field of science and technology have forced the governments to give priority to Negligence of higher education elementary and Secondary

Education

Pakistan Educational Conference, technical subjects should 1947 Vocational and

be introduced at secondary level. Separate schools should be provided for girls at this level. Domestic science (First Aid) and homenursing should be introduced as compulsory subjects for girls at secondary level

Urdu will be taught as compulsory subject at this level and provinces will be free to choose their medium of instruction. A committee of experts will be appointed to draw syllabus for secondary education. Physical and military training should be compulsory at that level.

Cont:

English

will be retained as compulsory subject.

The Conference gave no importance to secondary education. No structural changes were suggested in the existing secondary education system.

Cont:

Secondary Education in Joint 1951

Conference,

Structural pattern for secondary education was suggested at this conference .According to this, secondary education was divided into three stages: Lower Secondary: Classes VI to VIII Secondary: Classes IX to X Higher Secondary: Classes XI to XII

Education Commission, 1959

Secondary

education was recommended to recognized as complete stage in itself and organized as separate academic and administrated unite The Commission recommended that control and regulation of secondary and higher secondary classes should be entrusted to Boards of Secondary Education. For this purpose new Boards of Secondary Education will be established at Hyderabad, Peshawar and Rajshahi.Jurisdiction of boards of Karachi and Dacca be extended to include higher education stage

& XII.However, the Commission recommended that 5Cont: year compulsory education will be achieved in 10years and 8-years compulsory education will be achieved in 15-years.Untill compulsory education was extended to first 8-years, the Classes VI, VII & VIII will be remained part of secondary education.Therefore, secondary education will comprises three stages: Middle: (Classes VI VIII) Secondary: (Classes IX X) Higher Secondary: (Classes XI-XII)

.Secondary education will consist of classes IX, X, XI

Cont:
.

Religious

education was made compulsory up to class VIII and optional thereafter. Examination system was also restructured. The examination will have two parts, that is, external (75%) and internal on the basis of school record (25%).Pass marks 40% and aggregate 50%.Criteria of first division will be set at 70% and that of second division at 60%.
An

autonomous body called District School Authority will be created in each district to streamline primary and secondary education.

Secondary Education in New Education Policy 1970

Recommendations for secondary education. It was recommended that Middle classes should be separated from secondary education and be integrated with Primary education to create a new level called Elementary Education. Medium of instruction will be Urdu in the Western part of the country and Bengali in the Eastern part (Bengal)

Islamyat was recommended to be Cont: compulsory subject up to class IX and optional thereafter. Secondary education should be reorganized to incorporate in it technical and vocational education. This policy was not implemented because of political instability in the country and subsequent dismemberment of Pakistan

will be universal and free up to class X through the country. However, due to limited resources this will be achieved in two phases. First phase will start from 1st October 1972 when education will be made free up to class VIII for boys and girls in all types of schools. In the second phase, starting from 1st October 1974, free education will be extended for classes IX & X. In the classes IX and X, enrolment will be Secondary Education in 0.86m increased from 0.4million (10%) to (20%).

Education

Education 1972-1980

Policy

There will be automatic promotion up to class IX and Classes X and XII will undergo external examination. Islamyat will be introduced as compulsory subject and Education as elective subject at secondary level. The policy recognized the leadership role of students. For this purpose, political activities in educational institutions were allowed.

Cont:

The policy emphasized the importance of science and technical education at the secondary level. It was recommended that the participation of students in Arts, Science and Technical subjects will be 33% each from the existing Arts (70%), Science (23%) and Technical (5%). About 235,000 teachers will be needed at Primary and Secondary level to accommodate increased enrolment

Cont:

 Militatry

training will be compulsory for all students for age group 13-17 years. Student welfare programs will be initiated such as scholarships to poor and bright students, facility of educational loans, free medical service and free transport facility. Nationalization of all private schools

Cont:

 1000

Secondary Education in Education Policy 1979

middle schools will be upgraded to high schools and 200 new high schools will be opened. New science labs and libraries will be added to secondary schools where they do not exist, especially in rural areas. Second shift will be introduced in secondary schools where feasible to increase enrolment rate

 Mathematics

should be introduced as compulsory subject at secondary level. Education system in the country will consist of three tiers: Elementary education Classes I-VIII Secondary education Classes IX-XII University education from graduation to PhD
Secondary

classes IX & X will be added to all higher secondary schools/Inter colleges and Classes XI & XII will be added selected high schools.

Cont:

Secondary Education in Education Policy 1992 Participation rate at secondary level will be

raised from existing 35% to 55% for boys and from existing 26% to 30% for girls. New intermediate colleges will not be established and higher secondary classes XI & XII will be added to high schools. For this purpose, all high schools will be upgraded phase wise. School Management Committees will be set up to ensure the participation of the local community in the school management.

The Prime Minister of Pakistan announced this policy in the National Convention On Education On 1st February 1998.The policy was to be implemented into two phases.The first phase up to December 2002 and the the second from 2003 -2010.The main focus of this policy was universalization of primary education. Recommendations for secondary education: Professional and specialized education will be offered to secondary students to make them useful in practical life.
o

Secondary Education in Education Policy 1998-2010

 The

present participation ratio of 71:29 in Arts and Science at secondary level will be equalized at 50:50. Difference between allocation of funds in secondary and higher education will be lessened. Technical and vocational secondary education system will be introduced in 105 schools.and there will be three kinds of Matric students,e.g. Matric Arts, Matric Science and Matric Technical. Enrolment will be increased at secondary level from present 32% to 48% in 2003.

Cont:

 Up

to 2003,teachers of secondary level will be increased from 160,500 to 216,000. Number of secondary and higher secondary schools will be increased from 11,ooo to 18000 in 2003. Student Unions should be banned in schools and colleges

Cont:

 At

secondary level, translation of selected verses from the Holy Quran will be introduced. -Literacy rate in the country will be raised from 42% to 60% by the end of 2002 and to 75 % by the end of 2010

Cont:

 As

the main purpose of secondary education is to prepare young people for practical life,hence life-skill based will be presented at secondary level. Classes XI & XII (Intermediate) will no longer be a part of college education and will be merged into school system. Counselling and guidance facilities will be provided to secondary students to solve their psychological problems and in helping them to choose their future fields of study according to their aptitude and interest.

Secondary Education in Education Policy 2009

o o

Average participation ratio of primary to secondary is 6:1 in the country and in some parts it is even 13:1 which shows high dropout rate at secondary level. Efforts will be made to keep enrolment rate high at secondary level. To lower the dropout rate this level, financial support will be provided to students. Curriculum of secondary education be made student- centered. Teachers will be trained to adopt interesting and effective methods of teaching to retain the students at school

High Schools:
Teachers

Total Schools 23,964

Total Enrolment 2.426million

Total

Condition of secondary in Pakistan In 2009

374,252 Govt Sector 9,911(41%) 1.723m (71%) 175,159(47%) Private Sector 14,053(59%) 0.702m (29%) 199,093(53%) Higher Secondary Schools Total Schools Total Enrolment Teachers 3213 919,543 74,223 Govt Sector 1,299(40%) 754,025(82%) 33,229(45%) Private Sector 1,914(60%) 165,517(18%) 40,994(55%)

Total

Education

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