YEAR WORLD HISTORY

1732

1732 - 1739 1740 - 1745 1746 - 1750 1738 - Pope Clement XII issues War of Austrian Succession, questioning the Peak of the little ice the Eminenti Apostolatus succession of Maria Theresa to the realms of age. Specula prohibiting Catholics the House of Hamburg. 1744 - First Saudi Estate from becoming Freemasons. was founded. Handel composes the Messiah. The famous author Jonathan Swift dies.

HAYDN

Birth - March 31 at Rohrau, Austria.

Childhood - at 1738 he was sent to Hamburg with to be trained as chorister.

1740 - Sent to Vienna to sing at the St. 1749 - Haydn left the Stephen's Cathedral choir where he learned choir for his voice Keyboard, Strings and Music Theory. Long hours had become broken. of practice and poor care was the characteristic of his stay at the choir.

WORKS

MOZART

WORKS

BEETHOVEN

WORKS

1751 - 1755 Seven Years War among European powers.

1756 - 1760 The French and Indian war begins between Britain and France.

After leaving the choir, he worked as a freelance musician and composer. 1752 - He became the accompanist of Italian Composer Nicola Porpora where he learned the true fundamentals of composition.

1757 - He found a stable job as the Kappelmeister for Count Morzin of Austria. 1760 - Haydn married Maria Anna Keller. However, their marriage was unhappy.

Keyboard Concerto No. 1 in C, Hob. XVIII/1

1756 - Mozart was born, January 27th. He was baptized the next day at St. Rupert's Cathedral.

1761 - 1765 Treaty of Paris ends French and Indian war. The Mason - Dixon Line is drawn. Catherine the great relaxes religious persecution in Russia.

1766 - 1770

1761 - After the financial downfall of Count Morzin, Haydn was employed as Vice 1766 - Haydn was promoted to Kappelmeister of the Kappelmeister at the Esterhazy family. Esterhazy family. Haydn's life was very comfortable due to his large salary and access to fine musicians from the Esterhazy family.

Cappricio in G Major Hob XVII:1 Arrieta with 19 Variatons in A Major Hob VXII:2 Variations in D Major Hob XVII:7 Sonata in D Major Hob XIV:5 Sonata in C Major Hob XVI/1 Sonata in G Major Hob XVI/G1 Sonata in B flat Major Hob XVI:2 Sonata in D Minor Hob XVI:2a Sonata in A Major Hob XVI:2b Sonata in B Major Hob XVI:2c Sonata in B flat Major Hob XVI:2d Sonata in E Minor Hob XVI:2e Sonata in C major Hob XVI:2g Sonata in A Major Hob XVI:2h Sonata in C Major Hob XVI/3 Sonata in D Major Hob XVI/4 Sonata in A Major Hob XVI/5 Sonata in G Major Hob XVI/6 Sonata in C Major Hob XVI/7 Sonata in G major Hob XVI/8 Sonata in F Major Hob XVI/9 Sonata in C Major Hob XVI/10 Sonata in A Major Hob XVI/12 Sonata in E Major Hob XVI/13 Sonata in D Major Hob XVI/14 Sonata in E flat Major Hob XVI:16 Sonata in B flat Major Hob XVI/18

Arrieta with 23 Variations in E flat Major Hob VXII:3 Sonata in D major Hob XVI:19 Sonata in G Minor Hob XVI:44 Sonata in E flat Major Hob XVI:45 Sonata in A flat Major Hob XVI:46 Sonata in F Major Hob XVI:47 12 Minuets and 4 Trios Hob IX:3 Keyboard Concerto No. 2 in D, Hob. XVIII/2 Keyboard Concerto No. 6 in F with violin and strings (Double Concerto), Hob. XVIII/6 Keyboard Concerto No. 8 in C, Hob. XVIII/8 Keyboard Concerto No. 9 in G, Hob. XVIII/9

Mozart played little pieces which was written down to his father. These became 1767 - The family went back to Vienna after the gruelling the K 1-5 which was recorded in Nannerl's notebook. 1762 to 1765 - Mozart and tour where they have to endure stress and sicknesses from Nannerl performed at an exhibition for Prince Maximillian III in Munich. This was travelling extensively. 1768 - Leopold and Mozart set off for followed by a tour in Europe as child prodigies. He also visited Johann Christian Italy where he was accepted as a member of Accademia Bach which became a big influence. 1764 - Mozart also composed his first Filharmonica and wrote miserere from memory after symphony at age 8. hearing it once. 1770 - His Mitridate, re di Ponte which was performed in Milan was a success. This was Mozart's first major opera.

Nannerl's Music Book Andante in C, K. 1a Allegro in C, K. 1b Allegro in F, K. 1c Minuet in F, K. 1d Minuet in G, K. 1e Minuet in C, K. 1f Minuet in F, K. 2 Allegro in B-flat, K. 3 Minuet in F, K. 4 Minuet in F, K. 5 Allegro in C, K. 5a Andante in B-flat, K. 5b

Klavierstck in F, K. 33b Piano Concerto No. 1 in F major, K. 37 Piano Concerto No. 2 in B-flat major, K. 39 Piano Concerto No. 3 in D major, K. 40 Piano Concerto No. 4 in G major, K. 41

Beethoven is born on December 17, 1770 at Bonn, Germany. Beethoven's grandfather whom he was very close to died from a stroke of apoplexy. Beethoven became quiet after losing his grandfather.

1771 - 1775 The first volume of Encyclopaedia Britannica is published. France signs treaty of alliance with the US.

1776 - 1780 The United States of America issues the declaration of Independence.

Employed at Esterhazy household.

Employed at Esterhazy household. He began to feel longing for Vienna since the Esterhazy stayed much at Esterhaza palace in Hungary. 1778 Artaria publishing company, the first in Hamburg, began publishing music and Haydn marketed himself well using the publishing industry.

Sonata in C Minor Hob XVI:20 Sonata in C Major Hob XVI:21 Sonata in E Major Hob XVI:22 Sonata in F Major Hob XVI:23 Sonata in D Major Hob XVI:24 Sonata in E flat Major Hob XVI:25 Sonata in A Major Hob XVI:26 Sonata in F Major Hob XVI:29 Sonata in D Major Hob XVI:33 Sonata in E Minor Hob XVI:34 Sonata in C Major Hob XVI:35 Sonata in C sharp Minor Hob XVI:36 Sonata in D Major Hob XVI:37 Sonata in E flat major Hov XVI:38 Sonata in A flat Major Hob XVI:43 Keyboard Concerto No. 3 in F with French horns and strings, Hob. XVIII/3 Keyboard Concerto No. 4 in G, Hob. XVIII/4 Keyboard Concerto No. 5 in C with strings, Hob. XVIII/5 Keyboard Concerto No. 10 in C, Hob. XVIII/10 Keyboard Concerto in F, Hob. XVIII/F2

Sonata in G Major Hob XVI:27 Sonata in E flat major Hob XVI:28 Sonata in A Major Hob XVI:30 Sonata in E Major Hob XVI:31 Sonata in B Minor Hob XVI:32 Sonata in G Major Hob XVI:39 Sonata in G Major Hob XVI:40 Keyboard Concerto No. 11 in D, Hob. XVIII/11

1773 - Mozart became the court musician of Prince1777 - Mozart resigned from his position in Salzburg and went to Archbishop Hieronymus Colloredo in Salzburg. Due Augsburg, Mannheim, Paris and Munich for employment. In his visit to to his low salary, Mozart was forced to find other Mannheim, he fell in love with Aloysia Weber which is a daughter of a positions especially after the court theater closed in musical family. 1778 - Mozart was running out of money and resorted 1775. to borrowing and pawning valuables. His mother died on the 3rd of July. He came back home on 1779.

Piano Sonata No. 1 in C major, K. 279 Piano Sonata No. 2 in F major, K. 280 Piano Sonata No. 3 in B-flat major, K. 281 Piano Sonata No. 4 in E-flat major, K. 282 Piano Sonata No. 5 in G major, K. 283 Piano Sonata No. 6 in D major, K. 284 Three Piano Concertos in D major, G major and E-flat major, K. 107 Piano Concerto No. 5 in D major, K. 175

Piano Sonata No. 7 in C major, K. 309 Piano Sonata No. 8 in A minor, K. 310 Piano Sonata No. 9 in D major, K. 311 Piano Concerto No. 6 in B-flat major, K. 238 Piano Concerto No. 7 in F major for Three Pianos, K. 242 Piano Concerto No. 8 in C major, "Ltzow", K. 246 Piano Concerto No. 9 in E-flat major, "Jeunehomme", K. 271 Piano Concerto No. 10 in E-flat major for Two Pianos, K. 365

1774 - Beethoven receives musical instruction from 1778 - Beethoven's first known public performance at Cologne. 1779 his father. Beethoven began his education with Christian Gottlob Neefe who was appointed court organist and taught Beethoven composition.

1781 - 1785 The American Revolution ends with the signing of the Treaty of Paris.

1786 - 1790 The Bastille is invaded in Paris, initiating the French Revolution.

Employed at Esterhazy household. 1784 - Haydn met Mozart in one Employed at Esterhazy household. 1789 - Haydn had a relationship of his visits in Vienna and they have become good friends ever since. with Maria Anna von Genzinger who was the wife of Prince Nikolaus' personal physician in Vienna. 1790 - Prince Nikolaus of the Esterhazy family died. Haydn was dismissed by the successor Prince Anton.

Sonata in B flat Major Hob XVI:41 Sonata in D Major Hob XVI:42 12 Minuets with 5 Trios Hob IX:8, 1-12

Fantasia in C Major Hob VXII:4 Variations in C Major Hob XVII:5 Adagio in F Major Hob XVII:9 Sonata in C major Hob XVI:48 Sonata in E flat major Hob XVI:49

1781 - Mozart's opera Idomeneo was a success in Munich. He was then summoned to Vienna under the employment of Archbishop Colloredo. However, Colloredo treated him as a mere servant and their relationship was very bad. Mozart later resigned. Mozart's father was against Mozart's actions but the young composer was determined to pursue an independent career and defended his stand. He established himself as the finest keyborad player in Vienna. 1782 Mozart married Constanze Weber.

These years were the years of opera making for Mozart. 1786 - The Marriage of Figaro premiered successfully. 1787 - Don Giovanni premiered with great reception. However, these was not witnessed by his father Leopold who died on the 28th of May 1787. 1787 - Mozart obtained the chamber composer position for Emperor Joseph the 2nd, where which he was required to compose only dances. Since Austria was at war, support to music by the aristocracy was lessened. This affected Mozart's finances.

Piano Sonata No. 10 in C major, K. 330 Piano Sonata No. 11 "Turkish March" in A major, K. 331 Piano Sonata No. 12 in F major, K. 332 Piano Sonata No. 13 in B-flat major, K. 333 Piano Sonata No. 14 in C minor, K. 457 Fantasy No. 1 with Fugue in C major, K. 394 Fantasy No. 2 in C minor, K. 396 Fantasy No. 3 in D minor, K. 397 Fantasy No. 4 in C minor, K. 475 Piano Concerto No. 11 in F major, K. 413/387a Piano Concerto No. 12 in A major, K. 414/385p Piano Concerto No. 13 in C major, K. 415/387b Piano Concerto No. 14 in E-flat major, K. 449 Piano Concerto No. 15 in B-flat major, K. 450 Piano Concerto No. 16 in D major, K. 451 Piano Concerto No. 17 in G major, K. 453 Piano Concerto No. 18 in B-flat major, K. 456 Piano Concerto No. 19 in F major, K. 459 Piano Concerto No. 20 in D minor, K. 466 Piano Concerto No. 21 in C major, K. 467 Piano Concerto No. 22 in E-flat major, K. 482 Rondo for piano and orchestra in D major, K. 382 Rondo for piano and orchestra in A major, K. 38612 Variations in C major on the French song "Ah, vous dirai-je, Maman", K. 265

Piano Sonata No. 15 in F major, K. 533/494 Piano Sonata No. 16 in C major, K. 545 Piano Sonata No. 17 in B-flat major, K. 570 Piano Sonata No. 18 in D major, K. 576 Rondo No. 1 in D major, K. 485 Rondo No. 2 in F major, K. 494 Rondo No. 3 in A minor, K. 511 Adagio for Piano in B minor, K. 540 Allegro and Rondo for piano in F major, K. 547a Piano Concerto No. 23 in A major, K. 488 Piano Concerto No. 24 in C minor, K. 491 Piano Concerto No. 25 in C major, K. 503 Piano Concerto No. 26 in D major, "Coronation", K. 537 Piano Concerto No. 27 in B-flat major, K. 595

1781 to 1784 - Beethoven began apprenticeship with Neefe, first as 1786 - Maximilian Franz who was the successor of Maximilian an unpaid assistant then later on as a paid employee of the court Frederick brought changes to Bonn which gave more attention to chapel conducted by the Kappelmeister Andrea Luchesi. 1783 education and the arts which affected Beethoven immensely. Beethoven published his 1st three piano sonatas dedicated to Elector Beethoven also became a member of the Order of the Illuminati. 1787 Maximillian Frederick saw Beethoven's talent and encouraged him to - Beethoven travelled to Vienna in the hopes of studying with Mozart. continue musical studies. His mother died after two weeks, prompting Beethoven to go home and assume responsibility for the family. However, before he went home, he had an opportunity to play for Mozart who was delighted with Beethoven's talent.

WoO 4: Piano Concerto No. 0 in E-flat major WoO 63: Nine variations for piano on a march by Ernst Christoph Dressler

Opus 19: Piano Concerto No. 2 in B-flat major WoO 64: Six Variations on a Swiss song for piano or harp WoO 65: Twenty-four variations for piano on Vincenzio Righini's aria "Venni Amore"

1791 - 1795 France declares war on Austria. Russia invades Poland. The French National Convention occurred. Louis XVI was guillotined. The reign of terror began in which France was able to build an army of 1,169,000 men and killed 30,000 people.

1796 - 1800 Napoleon Bonaparte conquers Malta and outlaws slavery.

Haydn visited London during these years and was received well by Haydn returned to the emply of the Esterhazy family the English people. On his return to Vienna, he stopped by Bonn through Nikolaus the 2nd albeit in a part time basis and met Beethoven. 1793 - Mrs. Genzinger died which affected and had spent much of his time at home instead of Haydn very much. living with the Esterhazy family. His health was slowly failing due to old age.

Variations in F Minor Hob XVII:6 Sonata in C Major Hob XVI:50 Sonata in D Major Hob XVI:51 Sonata in E flat Major Hov XVI:52 12 Minuets with 11 Trios Hob IX :11, 1-12 12 German Dances with Trio and Coda Hob IX:12, 1-12 Works for Musical Clock

Gott! Erhalte Franz den Kaiser (National Anthem) Hob XXVIa:43

1791 - This was a very productive year for Mozart. He composed The Magic Flute, the Piano Concerto K 595, the Aver Verum Corpus Motet and an unfinished Requiem. He died on the 5th of December 1791 at the young age of 35 due to Rheumatic fever.

1792 - Beethoven moved to Vienna on the suggestion of Haydn and 1796 - Beethoven gave numerous concerts in with the help of the Elector, he was able to meet and study with Prague, Dresden, Leipzig, Berlin before returning to Haydn. 1793 - Beethoven established himself as a famous Vienna. 1797 - Beethoven began to lose his hearing improviser for the nobility. However, he witheld his works from which disabled him from perceiving and appreciating being published. 1795 - Beethoven played his Piano Concerto no. 2 music. 1798 - This was the start of Beethoven's in his premiere performance in Vienna. Shortly after this, he musical maturity where he wrote many works published the Three Piano Trios, Opus 1 which was dedicated to his including the Pathetique sonata and various patron, Prince Lichnowsky. It was also during this year that he compositions. 1799 - He received instruction from proposed to Magdalena Willmann, but was rejected. Salieri and began composing the first symphony.

Opus 15: Piano Concerto No. 1 in C major WoO 6: Rondo for Piano and Orchestra in B-flat major Opus 2: Three Piano Sonatas (1795) No. 1: Piano Sonata No. 1 in F minor No. 2: Piano Sonata No. 2 in A major No. 3: Piano Sonata No. 3 in C major Opus 49: Two Piano Sonatas No. 1: Piano Sonata No. 19 in G minor No. 2: Piano Sonata No. 20 in G major WoO 52: Presto (Bagatelle) for piano in C minor WoO 53: Allegretto (Bagatelle) for piano in C minor Opus 129: Rondo Capriccio for piano in G major ("Rage over a lost penny") WoO 68: Twelve variations for piano on the "Menuet a la Vigano" from Jakob Haibel's ballet La nozza disturbate WoO 70: Six variations for piano on "Nel cor pi non mi sento" from Giovanni Paisiello's opera La Molinara

Opus 37: Piano Concerto No. 3 in C minor Opus 7: Piano Sonata No. 4 in E-flat major ("Grand Sonata") Opus 10: Three Piano Sonatas No. 1: Piano Sonata No. 5 in C minor No. 2: Piano Sonata No. 6 in F major No. 3: Piano Sonata No. 7 in D major Opus 13: Piano Sonata No. 8 in C minor ("Pathtique") Opus 14: Two Piano Sonatas No. 1: Piano Sonata No. 9 in E major No. 2: Piano Sonata No. 10 in G major Opus 22: Piano Sonata No. 11 in B-flat major Opus 39: Two Preludes through all twelve major keys for piano Opus 51: Two Rondos for Piano (1797) No. 1: Rondo in C major No. 2: Rondo in G major

1801 - 1805 Napoleon is crowned Emperor of France.

1806 - 1810 1809 - The war against France was declared. The French Army sorrounds Vienna and was later on put under the control of France.

With his very frail health, Haydn had become physically unable to compose.

The oratorio "The Creation" which is one of Haydn's works was performed for him in his honor. 1809 - Haydn died at the age of 77 while Vienna was being attacked by the French army under Napoleon.

1801 - Beethoven fell in love with Julie Guicciardi but their class Beethoven continues to write his Symphonies during this time finishing difference hindered Beethoven from pursuing her.1802 - Beethoven up to his 6th Symphony. Among these is the third symphony which was moved out of Vienna and lived in the small Austrian town of Heiligenstadt supposedly dedicated to Napoleon but was later renamed Eroica. to recuperate from his condition. It is here where he wrote letters to his Beethoven is under the patronage of Prince Lobkowitz during this time. brothers informing them of Beethoven's thought of suicide due to his 1810 - The letter to Therese Malfatti, which could have been a proposal growing deafness. 1803 - Beethoven became the composer of the was also hindered due to class difference. Theater of Vienna. The piano maker Sebastien Erard also sent Beethoven a new piano with various improvements such as extended range and pedal mechanisms. 1804 - Beethoven had a relationship with Josephine Brunsvik who was also an aristocrat but the class difference stopped this relationship.

Opus 56: Triple Concerto for violin, cello, and piano in C major Opus 73: Piano Concerto No. 5 in E-flat major ("Emperor") Opus 78: Piano Opus 58: Piano Concerto No. 4 in G major Opus 26: Piano Sonata No. 24 in F-sharp major ("A Thrse") Sonata No. 12 in A-flat major ("Funeral March") Opus 79: Piano Sonata No. 25 in G major Opus 27: Two Piano Sonatas Opus 81a: Piano Sonata No. 26 in E-flat major ("Les adieux/Das No. 1: Piano Sonata No. 13 in E-flat major 'Sonata quasi una fantasia' Lebewohl") No. 2: Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor 'Sonata quasi una fantasia' Opus 76: Six variations on an original theme in D major ("Moonlight") WoO 59: Poco moto (Bagatelle) in A minor, "Fr Elise" Opus 28: Piano Sonata No. 15 in D major ("Pastoral") Opus 77: Piano Fantasia in G minor (1809) Opus 31: Three Piano Sonatas No. 1: Piano Sonata No. 16 in G major No. 2: Piano Sonata No. 17 in D minor ("Tempest") No. 3: Piano Sonata No. 18 in E-flat major ("The Hunt") Opus 53: Piano Sonata No. 21 in C major ("Waldstein") WoO 57: Andante favori Original middle movement of the "Waldstein" sonata Opus 54: Piano Sonata No. 22 in F major Opus 57: Piano Sonata No. 23 in F minor ("Appassionata") Opus 34: Six variations on a theme in F major Opus 35: Fifteen variations and a fugue on an original theme in E-flat major ("Eroica Variations") Opus 33: Seven BagatellesWoO 54: Lustig-Traurig (Bagatelle) for piano in C major WoO 56: Allegretto (Bagatelle) for piano in C major

1811 - 1815 The Battle of Vitoria happened where Napoleon was defeated. Napoleon then abdicates his throne. Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo. The second treaty of Paris was signed.

1816 - 1820 Revolts in Spain and Portugal were happening.

1811 - Beethoven performed his 5th Piano Concerto 1816 - Beethoven became ill again and was engaged in but failed to do it well due to his deafness. He never numerous legal battles with his brother's wife, Johanna for performed in public after this. 1812 - Beethoven the custody of Karl, his nephew. 1818 - Beethoven and became very ill and was advised to spend time at Salieri recommended the use of the metronome in the Teplitz. It is during this time that he wrote his letter Vienesse press. Also, Karl runs away to his mother's home to his "Immortal Beloved". 1813 - Beethoven went which prompted Beethoven to ask police to bring his through a difficult emotional period due to his family nephew back. In 1819, he lost guardianship rights of Karl responsibilities which overwhelmed him and his due to his deafness but regained the rights back on 1820. finances. It is also during this year, when Beethoven heard of Napoleon's defeat at Spain where he was again motivated to composed, thus producing the 8th symphony. 1815 - Beethoven's brother died, thus giving him the custody of his nephew.

Hess 15: Piano Concerto No. 6 in D major Opus 90: Piano Sonata No. 27 in E minor Opus 89: Polonaise in C major

Opus 101: Piano Sonata No. 28 in A major Opus 106: Piano Sonata No. 29 in B-flat major ("Hammerklavier") Opus 109: Piano Sonata No. 30 in E major WoO 60: Ziemlich lebhaft (Bagatelle) for piano in B-flat major

1821 - 1825 Greek war of Independence. French forces restore Ferdinand VII as king of Spain.

1826 - 1830 Belgium adopts a constitution.

1831 - 1835

Beethoven becomes regularly ill but still worked on the 9th 1826 - Karl attempts symphony as well as beginning on the 10th symphony. 1823 suicide by shooting Beethoven named Karl as his heir. 1824 - The 8th symphony himself in the head but was premiered to the public and was received well. failed. Meanwhile, Beethoven's health declined rapidly, prompting the need for an operation and three other operations in 1827. Beethoven succumbed to his illness on March 26, 1827.

Opus 110: Piano Sonata No. 31 in A-flat major Opus 111: Piano Sonata No. 32 in C minor Opus 119: Eleven new Bagatelles Opus 126: Six Bagatelles