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CHAPTER ONE LEARNING AREA: The World Through Our Senses LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.

4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Sensory Organs and Their Functions Our Sense of Touch Our Sense of Smell Our Sense of Taste Our Sense of Hearing and Sound Our Sense of Sight and Light Stimuli and Responses in Plants

Learning Objective: 1.1 Understanding the sensory organs and their functions Learning Outcomes: Identify and relate a sensory organ to its stimulus. State the pathway from stimulus to response. Stimulus esponse Sensory Organ Nerves Brain Nerves R

1. Complete the table below to identify and relate a sensory organ to its s timulus using the words given.

Sensory Organ Stimulus light Nose airborne chemical sound touch Tongue chemicals in food or drinks

2. to

Identify X and Y in the diagram below to state the pathway from stimulus response.

a. X detects the stimulus and changes it into impulses: _____________________ b. Y is the result carried out either by the muscles or glands: __________________ Learning Objective: 1.2 Understanding the senses of touch. Learning Outcomes: Identify the structure of human skin involved in stimuli detection. State the function of different receptors. Draw conclusion on the sensivity of the skin at different parts of the body towa rds stimuli. 1. Label the diagram below to identify the structure of the human skin invo lved in stimuli detection using the words given.

2. 1).

State the function for the following receptors based on the diagram in ( a. Receptor 1(a) can detect the stimulus __________________________. b. Receptor 1(b) can detect the stimulus __________________________.

3. The table below shows the result of an experiment to test the sensivity of the skin to detect the stimulus touch. Area on the skin TEST (/)- detected (X)-not detected) 1 2 3 Palm x / x Elbow x x x Tip of pointer finger / /

Back of the hand

a. Based on the result above, which area on the skin is the most sensiti ve to the stimulus touch? ________________________________________________________________ b. Give one reason for your answer in 3(a). ________________________________________________ ________________

Learning Objective: 1.3 Understanding the senses of smell. Learning Outcomes: Identify the structure of the nose. Identify the position of the sensory cells in the detection of the smell. 1. iven. Label the parts of the human nose in the diagram below using the words g

2. Complete the statements below to identify the position of the sensory ce lls in the detection of the smell. . a. The nose is the sensory organ to detect the stimulus ________________ ___. b. The smell receptors are found in the upper part of the ______________ ____. c. These smell receptors are covered with a thin layer of ______________ ____.

Learning Objective: 1.4 Understanding the senses of taste. Learning Outcomes: Identify the different areas of the tongue that respond to different taste. Relate the sense of taste with the sense of smell. 1. Label the diagram below to identify the different areas of the tongue th at respond to different taste using the words given.

2. A person who suffers a cold normally loses his appetite because his food does not have any taste or smell. Which sensory organ does the tongue works closely with? _______________________________________________________________

Learning Objective: 1.5 Understanding the sense of hearing. Learning Outcomes: Identify the structure of the human ear. Explain the functions of the different parts of the ear. Describe how we hear. 1. ar using the Label the diagram below to identify the structure of the human e words given.

2. Identify the parts of the ear with the correct functions using the words given below to explain the functions of the different parts of the ear.

Part of Ear Function Ear pinna Collects and channel sound wave into the ear canal. Directs sound wave to the eardrum. Vibrates with the same frequency of the sound. Oscicles Amplifies sound vibrations passed by the eardrum. Cochlea Detect and converts sound wave into impulses. Send impulses to the brain. Equalises the air pressure on both sides of the eardrum.

3. en.

Complete the statement below to describe how we hear using the words giv

The ear detects stimulus in the form of __________________ wave when it hits the eardrum and is amplified by the ___________________. A tubular shaped cochlea w hich contains receptors will then convert the sound vibrations into sound impuls es which are then sent to the brain through the _____________________ nerve.

Learning Objective: 1.6 Understanding the sense of sight. Learning Outcomes: Identify the structure of the human eye. Explain the functions of the different parts of the eye. Describe how we see. 1. Label the diagram below to identify the structure of the human eye using the words given.

2. Complete the table below to explain the functions of the different parts of the eye using the words given.

Part of eye Function Pupil Controls the intensity of light entering the eye. A transparent layer which allows light to enter the eye. Lens Refracts and focuses light to form image on the retina. Choroids Black-pigmented layer to prevent reflection of light in the eye.

Tough outermost layer which protects and gives shape to the eyeball. Light-sensitive layer where the image is formed in the eye. 3. n. Complete the statement below to describe how we see using the words give

Light that enters the eye is refracted by the cornea, aqueous humour and the eye lens to form an image on the____________________. The sensitive cells in the r etina convert the image into impulses which is then sent to the brain through th e _____________ nerve.

Learning Objective: 1.7 Understanding light and sight Learning Outcomes: Describe the properties of light, i.e. reflection and refraction. State the various vision defects. 1. The diagrams below show two properties of light. Complete the statements below to describe the properties of light.

a. Diagram A: ill be When light hits the surface of and opaque object (plane mirror), light w _________________________. b. Diagram B:

When light passes through a transparent object (glass block), light will be _________________________. 2. The diagrams below show two types of vision defects. Underline the correct answer to identify the vision defects.

a. The vision defect in Diagram P is called (long-sighted / short-sighte d) vision. b. The vision defect in Diagram Q is called (long-sighted / short-sighte d) vision.

Learning Objective: 1.7 Understanding light and sight Learning Outcome: Explain ways to correct vision defects. 1. a) Diagram A shows a short-sighted vision.

Draw lines in the diagram to correct this vision defect after using a co ncave lens.

b) Diagram B shows a long-sighted vision.

Draw lines in the diagram to correct this vision defect after using a co nvex lens.

Learning Objective: 1.7 Understanding light and sight. Learning Outcomes: State and give examples of the limitations of sight. Connect stereoscopic and monocular visions with the survival of animals. Identify the appropriate devices to overcome limitations of sight. 1. The diagrams below show an example of the limitation of sight.

Name this type of the limitation of sight: _________________________________ 2. The diagrams below show the field of vision of a deer and a cat.

Underline the correct answer below to connect stereoscopic and monocular visions with the survival of animals. a. A deer have a (wider / narrow) field of vision to detect predators. b. A cat can detect prey accurately because the vision of its right and left eyes overlap to create a (monocular / stereoscopic) vision. 3. Draw lines to match the following devices with its correct uses to overc ome the limitation of sight. a)

A microscope is used to observe tiny and minute objects like micro organisms and cells. b)

A telescope is used to observe very far and distant object like the moon.

c)

A magnifying glass is used to observe very small objects like small insects or s mall letters/numbers

Learning Objective: 1.8 Understanding sound and hearing Learning Outcomes: Describe the properties of sound. Explain the reflection and absorption of sound. 1. ound. The diagrams below show three activities to identify the properties of s

Draw lines to match the following properties of sound with the correct a ctivity based on the diagrams above.

2. The diagram below shows and activity to explain reflection and absorptio n of sound.

Underline the correct answer in the statements below to explain reflecti on and absorption of sound. a) The surface of a (hard / soft) object will reflect sound better. b) The surface of a (hard / soft) object will absorb sound better.

Learning Objective: 1.8 Understanding sound and hearing Learning Outcomes: Explain the defects of hearing. Explain ways of rectifying the defects of hearing. State the limitations of hearing. State the devices used to overcome the limitations of hearing. Explain stereophonic hearing. 1. w. a) b) c) d) e) 2. Tick (/) which is the common causes of hearing defect from the list belo Too much ear wax blocking the ear canal Infection of the ear Listening to loud music or sound Injury to the head Birth defects Tick (/) the correct device that can rectify the defects of hearing.

3. ies. an ear.

The human ear is limited to detect sounds to a certain range in frequenc Complete the statement below to state the limitation of hearing of a hum

The human ear can only detect sound of frequencies between 20 Hz to a maximum of ________________ Hz. 4. Tick (/) the correct device that is used to overcome the limitations of hearing.

5.

The diagram below shows an activity to test for stereophonic hearing.

Complete the statement below to explain stereophonic hearing. Stereophonic hearing is the ability to determine the source and the dire ction of ______________ accurately using both ears.

Learning Outcomes: State the stimuli that cause response in plants. Identify the parts of plants sensitive to specific stimulus. Relate the response in plants to their survival. 1. Underline the correct answer in the statements below to state the stimul i that causes this type of response in plants.

a) Phototropism is the movement or growth of plants in response to (ligh t / water). b) Geotropism is the movement of growth of plants in response to (gravit y / light). c) Hydrotropism is the movement or growth of plants in response to (wate r / gravity). 2. The diagram below shows parts of a plant A, B and C.

Which part of the plant A, B and C in the diagram above is sensitive to

the specific stimulus below. a. This part of the plant is able to _____________ b. This part of the plant is able to _____________ c. This part of the plant is able to _____________ 3. The diagram below shows the response ents by trapping insects.

respond to light respond to gravity respond to water

: ______ : ______ : ______

of a Venus fly trap to obtain nutri

Rearrange the words below to identify this type of response in certain p lants. G I T M O H T R O P I S M T R O P I S M

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