Unit-1

1. Describe The objectives and importance of accounting

1. Definition of accounting
2. Objectives of accounting.

3. Trading and P&L accounts 4. Balance sheet 5. 1. To ascertain business operation

6. 2. To determine The financial position of The business

7. 3. To generate information from accounting record 8. Importance of accounting

9. 1. The owners of a business furnish capital

10. 2. Creditors 11. 3. Investors 12. 4. Employees 13. 5. Government 14. 6. Public 15. 7. Research scholar 16. 8. Manager 17. Functions of financial accounting 18. 1. Book keeping function 19. 2. Classification of information 20. 3. Preparation of financial accounting 21. 4. Segregating financial transactions 22. 5. Interpretation of financial data

23. 6. Reporting of information 24. 7. Providing accurate information 25. 8. Providing reliable information
2. Explain The scope of management accounting

1. Definition of management accounting 2. Definition of cost accounting 3. Characteristic of management accounting 4. 1. Providing financial information. 5. 2. Cause and effect analysis 6. 3. Use of special techniques and concepts 7. 4. Decision making 8. 5. No fixed convention 9. 6. Achievement of objectives 10. 7. Improving efficiency 11. 8. Forecasting 12. 9. Providing of information not for decision 13. Scope of management accounting 14. 1. Financial accounting 15. 2. Cost accounting 16. 3. Budgeting and forecasting 17. 4. Inventory control 18. 5. Statistical analysis 19. 6. Analysis of data 20. 7. Internal audit 21. 8. Methods and procedures

22. Merits of management accounting 23. Demerits of management accounting 24. 1. Weakness of source record 25. 2. Mixed discipline
3. What is GAAP? Explain The criteria of accounting principles ?

1. Definition of GAAP 2. Accounting concepts 3. 1. Business Entity concept 4. 2. Dual aspect concept
5. 3. Going concern concept 6. 4. Accounting period concept 7. 5. Money measurement concept 8. 6. Historical Cost concept 9. 7. Revenue recognition concept 10. 8. Periodic matching of cost and revenue concept 11. 9. Verifiable objective evidence concept 12. 10. Accrual concept

13. Accounting conventions

14. 1. Convention of disclosure 15. 2. Convention of disclosure 16. 3. Convention of consistency 17. 4. Convention of conservatism

18. Accounting Standards 19. 1 Significance of Accounting Standards 20. 2 Advantages of setting Accounting Standards

21. 3 Criticisms against setting of Accounting Standards

22. 4 Back ground for The development of Accounting Standards 23. 5 Function and scope of The Accounting Standards Board 24. 6 The various Accounting Standards existing in India include

25.
4. Explain The inflation accounting?

1. Definition of inflation accounting 2. Different methods of inflation accounting 3. 1. Current purchase power method 4. 2. Current cost accounting method 5. 3. Hybrid method 6. Steps for preparing financial statements under CPP method
7. 1. Determining The conversion

8. 2. Mid period conversion 9. 3. Gain or loss on monetary items 10. Calculation of gain or loss on monetary items 11. Methods of computing general price level gain or loss 12. 1. Conversion factor for opening item
13. 2. Conversion factor for change in item during The year

14. 3. First in first out 15. 4. Last in first out 16. 5. Conversion method or restatement of income method
17. 6. Net change method

18. 7. Current cost accounting method 19. Characteristics of current cost accounting

20. Preparation of financial statement 21. Preparation of income statement 22. 1. Cost of sales adjustment 23. 2. Depreciation adjustment account 24. 3. Monetary working capital adjustment 25. 4. Gearing adjustment
5. Discuss The concept of human resource accounting. Explain its importance in present

context? 1. Definition of human resource accounting 2. Assumptions of human resource accounting

3. 1. Removes The bottlenecks of conventional accounting

4. 2. Financial and physical in nature 5. 3. HR is treated as asset 6. 4. HR is easily identified 7. 5. Useful for management for decision making 8. Objectives of HRA
9. 1. Making decision at The investors and managers level 10. 2. Evidence The return on human investment 11. 3. To report The worth of human resources to The orgn and society

12. Method of valuation

13. 1. Economic value approach

14. 2. Historic cost method 15. 3. Earning method 16. Advantages of HRA
17. 1. Establishes The quantitative information

18. 2. Absenteeism of labor could be easily assessed

19. 3. Illustrate The requirement of human capital 20. 4. Guide to know The attitude of The human resource

21. 5. To develop new strategy to correct 22. Limitations of HRA 23. 1. HR cannot be legally owned
24. 2.HR cannot be s n as asset at par 25. 3.HRA requires attention towards The existing wage and salary system

Unit-2
1. Explain clearly about various types of companies?

1. Definition of company
2. The characteristics of The company 3. Voluntary association of person

4. Separate legal entity 5. Definition of common seal

6. Perpetual succession 7. Limited company 8. Statutory books 9. The main statutory books 10. Book of account 11. Long term source of finance 12. Types of long term source of finance 13. Issue of shares 14. Types of companies/ 15. Statutory company

16. Registered company 17. Company limited by shares 18. Company limited by guarantee 19. Private company 20. The characteristics of private company 21. Foreign company 22. The characteristics of public company 23. Government Company 24. Holding company 25. Subsidiary company 2. What is share capital? Explain The types of share capital? 1. Share capital 2. Classification of shares 3. Equity share 4. Preference shares 5. Deferred share 6. Types of preference shares 7. Participating preference share 8. Non participating preference share 9. Cumulative preference share 10. Non cumulative preference share 11. Redeemable preference share 12. Irredeemable preference share 13. Advantages of Deferred share 14. Types of share capital

15. Authorized share capital 16. Issued share capital 17. Subscribed share capital 18. Called-up share capital 19. Paid up share capital 20. Partly paid up capital 21. Prospectus 22. The stages for collecting share capital 23. Allotment 24. Share call 25. Calls-in-arrears 3. Give an imaginary form of balance sheet appropriate account of a limited company? 1. The objective of financial statement 2. 3.

The financial statements requirements and contents The legal frame work for financial statement

4. True and Fair view 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Balance sheet Horizontal balance sheet The adjustment for share capital in balance sheet Reserves and surplus Capital reserve

10. Revenue reserve 11. Free reserve 12. Specific reserve 13. Secured loan

14. Partly secured 15. Unsecured loan 16. Current liabilities 17. Contingent liability 18. Fixed assets 19. Investment 20. List items in The current assets 21. Sundry debtors 22. Different between current asset and current liabilities 23. Miscellaneous expenditure 24. The adjustment for provision of bad debts 25. The journal entry for drawing from capital 4. Give an imaginary form of profit and loss account appropriate account of a limited

company?
1. The basic information are required for preparing final accounts 2. Profit and loss account 3. The requirements as to profit and loss account 4. Content of The profit and loss account 5. The vertical form of profit and loss account 6. Some common points for preparing financial statements 7. Some important point for preparing financial statements 8. Some adjustment in P&L A/C 9. Deferred tax 10. Deferred tax assets 11. Deferred liabilities

12. Permanent difference 13. Timing difference 14. Managerial remuneration 15. The remuneration when profits are inadequate 16. Remuneration to directors classified 17. An executive director 18. Non executive director 19. Credit disallowed 20. List some of The admissible expenses 21. List some of The inadmissible expenses 22. The format for calculating admissible profits 23. Definition of dividend 24. The sources for payment of dividend 25. Capital profit 5.

Discuss briefly about The types of dividend?

1. Declaration of dividend from out of accumulated reserves 2. Depreciation 3. Depreciation can be calculated 4. Types of calculating depreciation 5. Straight line method of depreciation 6. Written down method of depreciation 7. 8.

The rule for arrear of depreciation Past losses

9. Types of dividend 10. Interim dividend

11. Final dividend 12. Scrip dividend 13. About unpaid dividend account 14. The payment of interest out of capital 15. Bonus shares 16. Advantages of bonus shares 17. Advantage of bonus share in company point of view 18. Advantage of bonus share in shareholders point of view 19. Guidelines for bonus issue 20. Changing in The guideline of bonus shares 21. The journal entry for bonus share in P&L A/c 22. The journal entry for bonus share in share capital A/c 23. The journal entry for bonus share in share call A/c 24. Alteration of share capital 25. Consolidating of share capital

Unit-3
1. Explain The various methods of classification of ratios

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Methods Of Classification Of Ratios The ratios can be classified according to accounting statement Balance sheet ratio P&l a/c ratio Inter-statement ratios The ratios can be classified according to time Structural ratio

8. 9.

Trend ratio The ratios can be classified according to importance

10. Primary ratio 11. Secondary ratio 12. The ratios can be classified according to test satisfied 13. The ratios can be classified according to nature 14. Meant by liquidity ratio 15. Turnover ratio 16. Profitability Ratio 17. The significance of liquidity ratios 18. Current ratio 19. The components of current asset 20. General guidelines of current asset ratio 21. The components of liquid ratio 22. General guidelines of liquid ratio 23. Net profit ratio 24. General guidelines of net profit ratio 25. The components of net profit ratio

2.

detail about The turnover ratio and solvency ratio 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Inventory turnover or stock turnover ratio The formula for inventory turnover ratio debtor turnover ratio The formula for debtor turnover ratio Working capital

6. 7. 8. 9.

Creditors turnover ratio The formula for creditors turnover ratio Working capital turnover ratio The formula for working capital turnover ratio

10. Fixed asset turnover ratio

11. The formula for fixed asset turnover ratio 12. Capital turnover ratio 13. The formula for capital turnover ratio 14. Solvency ratio 15. The standard expected in current ratio 16. Liquid ratio 17. The standard expected in liquid ratio 18. The formula for liquid ratio 19. Absolute ratio 20. The formula for absolute ratio 21. Debt equity ratio 22. The formula for debt equity ratio 23. Propriety ratio 24. The formula for propriety ratio 25. Capital gearing ratio

3. Explain The procedure for preparing cash flow statement 1. Cash flow statement 2.

The scope of cash flow statement

3. Benefits of cash flow statement

4. 5. 6.

The limitations of cash flow statement The steps for preparation of cash flow statement The source of cash

7. Cash from operations 8. 9.

Compute of cash from operations Compute of funds from operations

10. The items are reduced from The funds from operations 11. The calculation of cash from operations 12. The formula for credit sales and debtors on cash flow 13. The formula for credit purchase and credit on cash flow 14. The formula for unsold goods in stock on cash flow/ 15. The formula for outstanding expenses on cash flow 16. The formula for income received in advance on cash flow 17. The formula for prepaid expenses on cash flow 18. The formula for accrued incomes on cash flow 19. External sources of cash 20. The fresh issue of shares 21. Issues of debentures or binds 22. The companies go for long term borrowing 23. The applications of cash 24. Redemption of debentures and preference share 25. Cash outflow 4. Bring out The managerial benefits of funds flow statement

1. 2.

Funds Flow Statement Gross Working Capital

3.
4. 5.

Net Working Capital The balance sheet classified The non-current liabilities Non-current asset Items Comes Under Non-Current Liabilities Items comes under non-current assets

6. 7. 8.

9. Goodwill 10. Suspense A/c 11. Patent right 12. The objectives of funds flow statement 13. The benefits of funds flow statement 14. Transactions that will not affect The floe of funds 15. The guidelines for transaction analysis 16. The significance of funds flow statement 17. The limitations of funds flow statement 18. The guidelines for preparation of funds flow statement 19. The funds from operation 20. Non-trading incomes 21. Non-trading gains 22. The external sources of funds 23. The applications of funds 24. The issue of long term investments 25. The treatment of provision for taxation

5. Describe The importance of financial statement analysis

1. Financial statement 2. Profit and loss accounts statement 3.

Surplus statement

4. Supplementary schedules 5. Balance sheet 6. The nature of financial statements 7. The postulates 8. Personal judgmental 9.

The functions of financial

10. The merits for management from financial statements 11. Financier 12. Limitations of financial statements 13. The techniques of analysis and interpretation 14. Comparative statement analysis 15. Common size statement 16. The limitations of financial statement analysis 17. The networking capital analysis 18. Trend analysis 19. The Merits of trend analysis 20. Comparative balance sheet 21. Comparative income statement 22. External analysis 23. Difference between horizontal and vertical analysis 24. Horizontal balance sheet analysis 25. Vertical balance sheet analysis

Unit-4
1. What are The basic elements of cost Explain The cost control measures around Them

1. Definition of cost 2. Definition of costing 3. Definition of cost accounting 4. Definition of cost accountancy 5. 6. 7.

The objective of cost accounting The merits of cost accounting The functions of cost accountant

8. Definition of direct material 9. Definition of indirect material 10. Definition of direct laour 11. Definition of indirect labour 12. The direct expenses 13. Indirect expenses 14. The cost can be classified 15. Cost can be classified according to nature 16. Cost can be classified according to relevance to decision making 17. Cost can be classified according to controllability 18. Cost can be classified according to normality 19. Cost can be classified according to function 20. Semi-variable 21. Definition of fixed cost

22. Definition of variable cost 23. Definition of semi-fixed cost 24. Definition of step cost 25. The system of costing 2. Explain The methods and techniques of costing 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Methods of costing Specific order costing Definition of operating costing Definition of job costing Definition of contract costing Definition of batch costing Process costing Advantages of operating costing Definition of unit or output costing Multiple costing Historical costing Standard costing Marginal costing Uniform costing Definition of direct costing Absorption costing The characteristics of cost accounting Prime cost Work cost Reduction cost

21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

Overheads Production cost Definition of Efficiency Selling cost Distribution cost

3. Explain The inventory valuation techniques 1. Inventory valuation 2. The objective of inventory valuation 3. To determine The trading profit 4. To determine The financial position using inventory valuation/ 5. Methods of stocktaking 6. Periodic inventory 7. Perpetual inventory system 8. Historical cost 9. Valuation The inventory 10. 11. 12. 13.

Market price Net realizable value method/ Replacement cost Methods of determining The historical cost of inventories FIFO method/ The merits of FIFO The demerits of FIFO LIFO The merits of LIFO

14.
15. 16.

17.
18.

19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

The demerits of LIFO Weighted average price method/ The merits of weighted average price method The demerits of weighted average price method Base stock Standard price method/ Zero base stock

4. Describe The various methods of joint product and by product 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

Definition of Joint product Definition of by product Difference between joint product and by-product Accounting for joint product Methods for joint product accounting Physical units method of joint product accounting Average unit cost method of joint product The advantages of average unit cost The disadvantage of average unit cost The survey method of joint product accounting The advantage of survey method/ The disadvantage of survey method Standard cost method Contribution margin method Market value method in joint product method The market value at The split-off point The market value after furTher processing

18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

The market value less furTher processing costs Net value method Accounting for by-product Non-costing method of by-product Miscellaneous income method Reverse cost method The total cost less sales value of by-product Cost methods of by-product

5. Explain The term variance? Mention the classification of variance 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

Variance analysis mean The variance analysis can be classified Material price variance Material usage variance The material revised usage variance The material yield variance/ Material mix variance Labour cost variance Labour cost variance Labour efficiency variance Idle time variance Labour mix variance Variable overhead cost variance Variable expenditure variance/ Variable overhead efficiency variance Fixed overhead cost variance

17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

Fixed overhead expenditure variance Fixed overhead volume variance Sales value variance/ Sales value price variance/ Sales value volume variance The sales value mix variance The sales quantity variance Sales margin price variance Sales margin quantity variance mean Unit-5

1. Explain The significance of computerized accounting system in detail 1. The accounting system 2. 3.

The process of accounting system The information processes Recording in information processes Maintaining in information processes Reporting in information processes The salient features of computerized accounting

4. 5. 6.
7.

8. The fast, powerful, simple and integrated system/ 9. Complete visibility 10. The computerized accounting is accuracy and speed 11. Computerized accounting is scalability

12. power of computerized accounting

13. The computerized accounting improved business performance 14. The computerized accounting is used for quick decision

15. Computerized accounting is complete reliability 2. Discuss the limitations of a computer and computerized Accounting?

1. Cost of Installation 2. Cost of Training 3. Self Decision Making 4. Maintenance 5. Dangers for Health 6. Role of computers in accounting 7. prepare summary of transactions and financial statements 8. example for computerised accounting 9. computerised accounting uses the concept of databases 10. commonly used accounting softwares 11. the components of Computerised accounting software 12. Preparation of accounting documents 13. Give example for Preparation of accounting documents 14. Recording of transactions 15. Give example for Recording of transactions 16. Preparation of Trial Balance and Financial Statements
17. Components of computerised accounting software

18. Computerised Accounting 19. Transaction processing system 20. Transaction processing system steps in processing a transaction 21. Data Entry 22. Data Validation 23. Processing and Revalidation 24. Storage 25. Information and Reporting