ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

OUTLINE I. II. III. Overview, Objectives and Requirements Assessment on the issues and challenges facing our planet and our people The State of the Environment A. Global Climate and Biodiversity Crisis B. Philippines, a Megadiversity Country, in the Midst of Ecological Crisis 1. Main Environmental Problems (i) Deforestation forest cover of as low as 6%, with deforestation rate is highest in East Asia and Southeast Asia regions at 1.4% annually (ADB study) (ii) Biodiversity and habitat loss and destruction (iii) Pollution in land, air, water, waste, toxic substances and pervasive lack of disposal facilities for wastes 2. Extreme vulnerability to disasters and climate change it is third in disaster vulnerability and tenth in climate change vulnerability in the world 3. Overpopulation PH has high population and urban migration rate 4. Poverty 5. Governance IV. Sustainable Development and Other Principles of International Environmental Law A. Right to Life and a Healthy Environment B. State Sovereignty -Regalian Doctrine -Panatag Shoal Controversy C. Right to Development D. Sustainable Development Philippine Agenda 21 Rio Declaration Sustainability Ordinance of Cebu City E. Common Heritage of Mankind F. The Obligation Not to Cause Environment Harm G. Intergenerational and Intra-generational Equity Oposa v Factoran H. Polluters Must Pay I. Precautionary Principle J. Duty to Assess (Environmental Impact Assessment -Ecosystem Valuation K. Principle of Subsidiarity - R.A. 7160, Local Government Code Case study: The San Fran Purok System of Governance V. Environmental Law in the Philippines A. Human Rights 1

a. Procedural b. Substantive B. Hierarchy of Rights C. Environmental Justice D. Hierarchy of Laws 1. 2. 3. 4. Constitution National Laws Judicial Rulings, Rules and Administrative Issuances International Environmental and Human Rights Principles doctrine of incorporation

E. Government Administrations and Institutions dealing with the environment 1. Executive 2. Legislative 3. .Judiciary Rules of Procedure for Environmental Cases Creation of Green Courts 4. Independent Bodies a. Ombudsman b. Commission on Human Rights c. Civil Service Commission Cases F. Good Governance and Environmental Management 1. Role of Stakeholders 2. Elements of Good Governance a. Participatory b. Transparent c. Predictable Rule of Law d. Accountable 3. Tools for Accountability

VI. ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND IMPLEMENTATION IN: A. Human Habitat National Laws: 1. C.A. No. 141, Public Land Act 2. P.D. 1067, Water Code 2

3. R.A. 6542 - An Act To Ordain And Institute A National Building Code of the Philippines 4. R.A. 6969, Toxic Substances and Hazardous Waste Act 5. R.A. 7160, Local Government Code 6. Republic Act No. 7279, otherwise known as the Urban Development and Housing Act Of 1992 7. R.A. No. 8371, Indigenous Peoples Rights Act 9. R.A. 9003, Ecological Solid Waste Management Law 10. R.A. No. 9512, National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008 11. R.A. No. 10161, Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Law 12. R.A. 10066, National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009 Administrative Issuances Executive Order No. 131, Declaring Open To Disposition For Socialized Housing Purposes Certain Government-Owned Lands Defined Under Republic Act No. 7279, Otherwise Known As The Urban Development And Housing Act Of 1992, And Providing For Disposition Thereof International Conventions ASEAN Regional Agreements Cases:

B. Ecosystems National Laws 1. P.D. No. 705, Revised Forestry Code 2. P.D. No. 1151, Philippine Environmental Policy of 1977 3. P.D. No. 1586, Establishing an Environmental Impact Statement System Including Other Environmental Management 4. R.A. 7586, National Integrated Protected Areas System Act 5. R.A. No. 7942, Philippine Mining Act 6. R.A. No. 7076, Peoples Small-Scale Mining Act 7. R.A. 9072, National Caves and Cave Resource Management Act 8. R.A. No. 9512, National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008 9. RA 10068, Organic Agriculture Act of 2010 Administrative Issuances Executive Order No. 26, the National Greening Program International Conventions ASEAN Regional Agreements Cases: C.Freshwater Resources National Laws: 1. P.D. No. 856, Sanitation Code 2. P.D. No. 979, Marine Pollution Decree 3. P.D. No. 1067, Water Code 4. R.A . No. 6969, Toxic Substances and Hazardous Waste Act 4. R.A. No. 9003, Ecological Solid Waste Management Law 4. R.A. No. 9275, Clean Water Act 5. R.A. No. 9512, National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008 Administrative Issuances Executive Order No. 26, the National Greening Program 3

International Conventions ASEAN Regional Agreements Cases

D.Marine and Coastal Areas 1. P.D. No. 979, Marine Pollution Decree 2. R.A. 7160, Local Government Code 3. R.A. 7586, National Integrated Protected Areas System Act (for protected seascapes) 4. R.A. No. 8435, Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997 5. R.A. No. 8550, Philippine Fisheries Code 6. R.A. No. 9147, Wildlife Conservation and Protection Act 7. R.A. No. 9483, Oil Spill Compensation Act of 2007 8. R.A. No. 9512, National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008 9. R.A. No. 9522, The Philippine Archipelagic Baselines Law International Conventions ASEAN Regional Agreements Cases E.Atmosphere 1. R.A. 7160, Local Government Code 2. R.A. No. 7638, Department of Energy Act of 1992 3. R.A. No. 8749,Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 4. R.A. No. 9512, National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008 5. R.A. No. 9593, Renewable Energy Act of 2008 6. R.A. No. 9637,Philippine Biofuels Act F.Flora and Fauna and Protected Areas Statutes: 1. R.A. 7586, National Integrated Protected Areas System Act 2. R.A. No. 9512, National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008 3. R.A. 9147, Wildlife Conservation and Protection Act Treaties, Conventions and Regional Agreements Convention on Biological Diversity Convention on Agreement on the Establishment of the ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity A SEAN Declaration on Heritage Parks ASEAN Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

VII. Climate Change and Disaster Response A. Statutes RA 9729, Climate Change Act of 2009 RA 10121, Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Law of 2010 B. Regional Agreement ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response C. International Convention, Protocol and Agreement 4

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Kyoto Protocol, 1997 Rio Declaration Hyogo Declaration and Hyogo Framework of Action VIII. Ways Forward