OECD in Figure 2009

Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
OECD Berlin Centre

Schumannstrasse 10
D-10117 Berlin
Tel.: 49 30 288 8353
Fax: 49 30 288 83545
E-mail: berlin.contact@oecd.org
Internet: www.oecd.org/deutschland
OECD Washington Center
2001 L Street, NW, Suite 650
Washington DC 20036-4922
Tel.: 1 202 785 6323
Fax: 1 202 785 0350
E-mail: washington.contact@oecd.org
Internet: www.oecdwash.org
012009061cov.indd 1
Demography and health

Economy
Labour
Science and technology
Environment
Education
Public finance
International trade and investment
OECD Observer
2009/Supplement 1
www.oecd.org/publishing
ISBN 978-92-64-05199-7
01 2009 06 1 P
2009
Energy
OECD Tokyo Centre

3rd Floor, Nippon Press Center Building
2-2-1 Uchisaiwaicho
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0011
Tel.: 81 3 5532 0021
Fax: 81 3 5532 0035
E-mail: center@oecdtokyo.org
Internet: www.oecdtokyo.org
OECD Mexico Centre
Av. Presidente Mazaryk 526
Colonia: Polanco,
C.P. 11560
Mexico, D.F.
Tel.: 5255 9138 6233
Fax: 5255 5280 0480
E-mail: mexico.contact@oecd.org
Internet: www.oecd.org/centrodemexico
OECD
in Figures
Prices and finance
OECD Observer
Switzerland
OECD Paris Centre

2, rue Andr-Pascal
75775 Paris Cedex 16
Tel.: 33 (0) 1 45 24 81 67
Fax: 33 (0) 1 45 24 99 30
E-mail: sales@oecd.org
Online ordering: www.oecd.org/bookshop
OECD in Figures 2009
Germany
OECD Worldwide
2009/Supplement 1
Australia
-:HSTCQE=UZV^^\:
02-Sep-2009 2:10:38 PM
OECD
in Figures
2009

Contents
Demography
Health spending and resources
Health status
Economy
Gross domestic product
Economic growth and performance
Sectoral contributions to gross value added
Services: value added
Business statistics
Transport
Energy
Energy: supply
Energy: production
Energy consumption and electricity generation
Labour
Employment
Part-time and self-employment
Unemployment
Services: employment
Research and development (I)
Research and development (II)
Patents and trade in technology
Environment
Resources
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions
6
6
8
10
12
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
24
26
28
30
30
32
34
36
38
38
40
42
44
44
46
48
Education
Expenditure
Performance
Public finance
Agriculture: support estimates
Government sector
Taxation
Development aid
Direct investment
Trade
Trade in services
50
50
52
54
54
56
58
60
62
62
64
66
Prices and finance
68
Prices and interest rates

Insurance and pensions
Financial balance sheets and institutional investment
Domestic and foreign finance
68
70
72
74
World map
76
OECD in graphs
GDP growth
GDP per capita
Public debt climbs
Financial deficits
Joblessness record?
Immigrants and new jobs
Healthcare gap
Inflation
R&D spending alert
Investment collapse
Rarer youth
Pension funds
Development aid warning
Costly energy subsidies
General notes
Glossary
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
The online edition is available at www.oecd.org/infigures

Published in English and French
OECD Publications
2, rue Andr-Pascal
75775 Paris Cedex 16, France
observer@oecd.org
www.oecd.org
Tel: +33 (0) 1 45 24 82 00

Fax: +33 (0) 1 45 24 99 30
Price: US$ 30 20 15 3,200

Free with annual Observer subscription:
US$ 90 69 47 9,700
ISSN 0029-7054; sales@oecd.org
Available at www.oecdbookshop.org
OECD 2009
Organisation for Economic

Co-operation and Development
The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work

together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of
globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to
help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate
governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population.
The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy
experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work
to co-ordinate domestic and international policies.
The OECD member countries are: Australia (1971), Austria (1961), Belgium
(1961), Canada (1961), Czech Republic (1995), Denmark (1961),
Finland (1969), France (1961), Germany (1961), Greece (1961),
Hungary (1996), Iceland (1961), Ireland (1961), Italy (1962), Japan
(1964), Korea (1996), Luxembourg (1961), Mexico (1994), Netherlands
(1961), New Zealand (1973), Norway (1961), Poland (1996), Portugal
(1961), Slovak Republic (2000), Spain (1961), Sweden (1961),
Switzerland (1961), Turkey (1961), United Kingdom (1961), United
States (1961). The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the
work of the OECD.
OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisations statistics

gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as
the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members.
This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD.

The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect
the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member
countries.
Also available in French under the title:

L'OCDE en chiffres 2009
OECD
in Figures
2009

Economy
Energy
Labour
Environment
Education
Public finance
Prices and finance
Demography and health > Demography

Total area
Thousand
km
Age structure*
Population*
thousands
Foreign-born population*
As a % of total population
growth rate,
2007/2006
per km
15-64
Under 15
As a % of total population
1997
7 687
21 072
18 518
1.8
19.4
30.2
67.5
61.3
13.1
8.5
25.0
23.3
84
8 315
8 072
0.4
99
15.5
22.0
67.5
65.8
17.0
12.2
14.2
11.2
Belgium
31
10 623
10 181
0.8
348
16.9
23.5
66.0
64.5
17.1
12.0
13.0
9.9
Canada
9 976
32 927
29 906
1.1
17.1
33.7
69.5
58.7
13.5
7.6
20.1
17.7
79
10 323
10 304
0.5
131
14.3
25.4
71.2
64.9
14.5
9.6
6.2
4.3
Australia
Austria
Czech Republic
2007
65 and over
2007
2007
1960
2007
1960
2007
1960
2007
1997
43
5 457
5 285
0.4
127
18.5
25.2
66.0
64.2
15.5
10.6
6.9
5.2
Finland
338
5 289
5 140
0.4
16
17.0
30.4
66.5
62.3
16.5
7.3
3.8
2.3
France
549
61 938
58 207
0.6
113
18.3
26.4
65.1
62.0
16.6
11.6
8.5
7.3
Denmark
-4
Australia
+1
Austria
Belgium
Canada
-1
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
+2
France
+1
Greece*
12.1
Germany
Germany
357
82 257
82 052
- 0.1
230
13.4
21.3
66.3
67.8
20.2
10.8
12.9
Greece*
132
11 193
10 777
0.4
85
14.3
26.1
67.1
65.8
18.6
8.1
5.7
2.7
Hungary
93
10 056
10 290
- 0.1
108
15.1
25.3
68.8
65.6
16.1
9.0
3.8
2.8
Iceland
103
311
271
2.3
21.0
34.8
67.4
57.1
11.5
8.1
..
..
Iceland
Hungary
70
4 339
3 664
2.5
62
20.4
30.5
68.8
58.6
10.8
10.9
15.7
7.4
Ireland
Italy*
301
58 880
56 941
0.8
195
14.1
23.4
66.1
67.6
19.7
9.0
5.8
2.1
Italy*
Japan*
378
127 771
126 166
0.0
338
13.5
30.2
65.0
64.1
21.5
5.7
1.7
1.2
Japan*
Korea*
100
48 456
45 954
0.3
486
18.0
42.3
72.0
54.8
9.9
2.9
1.7
0.3
Korea*
Ireland
476
421
1.5
183
18.3
21.4
67.6
67.9
14.0
10.8
36.2
1 996
105 791
94 478
0.9
53
30.0
..
64.5
..
5.5
..
0.4
Netherlands
41
16 382
15 611
0.2
402
18.0
30.0
67.4
61.0
14.6
9.0
10.7
9.4
Netherlands
New Zealand
269
4 228
3 781
1.0
16
21.0
32.9
66.5
58.5
12.5
8.7
21.6
16.4
New Zealand
Luxembourg
Mexico
31.9
-2
0.4
Luxembourg
-2
Mexico
Norway
324
4 709
4 405
1.0
15
19.3
25.9
66.1
63.2
14.6
10.9
9.5
Poland
313
38 116
38 292
0.0
122
15.6
33.5
70.9
60.8
13.4
5.8
1.6
Portugal
92
10 604
9 878
0.2
115
15.4
..
67.3
..
17.3
..
6.1
5.3
Slovak Republic
49
5 398
5 383
0.1
110
16.0
31.6
72.1
61.5
11.9
6.9
6.8
..
Spain
505
44 874
39 583
1.8
89
14.6
27.3
68.8
64.5
16.6
8.2
13.4
3.0
Sweden
450
9 148
8 846
0.7
20
16.9
22.4
65.7
65.9
17.4
11.8
13.4
10.8
Switzerland
Turkey*
United Kingdom
United States
G7
EU15
OECD total
5.8
-5
Norway
..
41
7 551
7 089
0.9
183
15.0
23.2
68.1
66.1
16.8
10.7
24.9
21.3
781
70 586
64 063
- 3.3
90
26.4
41.2
66.5
55.1
7.1
3.7
..
1.9
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
+3
Turkey*
245
60 975
58 314
0.6
249
17.6
23.3
66.4
64.9
16.0
11.7
10.2
7.2
9 376
301 290
272 647
1.0
32
20.2
31.0
67.2
59.7
12.6
9.2
13.6
10.7
United Kingdom
21 182
726 038
684 234
0.6
34
17.2
27.9
66.5
63.0
16.3
9.0
..
..
G7
United States
3 240
390 750
372 972
0.6
121
15.8
23.6
66.5
63.2
17.7
10.1
..
..
EU15
34 804
1 179 337
1 104 520
0.4
34
18.8
28.6
66.9
61.6
14.3
8.5
..
..
OECD total
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702411568104
*
Additional information, including footnotes, are available via the StatLink URL
..
-n
Not available or not applicable.

Data in this cell are from n years earlier (later, if +n) than the reference year. E.g. if the column refers to
2008, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2007.
Sources:
Labour Force Statistics: 1987-2007, OECD, Paris, 2008;
International Migration Outlook: SOPEMI, 2008 Edition, OECD, Paris, 2008.
Demography and health > Health spending and resources
1997
Average
annual
growth
rate*
2000-07
66.9
2.9
76.4
75.7
2.0
8.3
75.1
75.4
8.8
70.0
70.1
6.7
85.2
90.3
Total expenditure
Public expenditure*
% of GDP
% of total expenditure
2007
1997
2007
7.6
67.7
10.1
9.8
Belgium
10.2
Canada
10.1
6.8
Australia
8.7
Austria
Czech Republic
-1
-1
Health expenditure
Pharmaceutical
expenditure
Acute care beds*
Practising physicians*
MRI scanner units
Per capita USD PPP
% of total expenditure
per 1 000 population
per 1 000 population
per million population
2007
1997
2007
1 805
13.7
3 763
2 416
3.8
3 595
3.5
3 895
4.9
1 626
-1
3 137
-1
1997
2007
12.6
3.5
13.3
10.9
6.1
1 969
15.7
16.5
4.3
2 152
17.7
14.8
2.7
922
21.5
24.9
5.2
-1
-1
-1
1997
2007
3.8
2.8
6.6
2007
2.4
5.1
3.5
Australia
3.8
2.9
17.7
8.4
Austria
4.9
4.0
3.7
7.5
3.2
Belgium
3.8
2.2
2.0
6.7
1.8
Canada
6.3
3.6
3.1
4.4
1.1
Czech Republic
Denmark
9.8
8.2
83.8
81.7
3.7
3 512
2 060
8.6
9.0
2.9
3.7
3.2
-1
2.6
Finland
8.2
7.6
74.6
72.2
4.6
2 840
1 606
14.1
13.6
3.7
4.2
3.0
-1
2.2
France
11.0
10.2
79.0
79.6
2.4
3 601
2 226
16.3
15.0
3.6
4.4
3.4
Germany
10.4
10.2
76.9
80.8
1.4
3 588
2 413
15.1
13.1
5.7
6.6
3.5
Greece*
9.6
8.4
60.3
52.8
6.8
2 727
1 354
24.8
16.2
3.9
3.9
5.4
Hungary*
7.4
6.8
70.6
81.3
5.0
1 388
679
31.2
25.9
4.1
5.9
Iceland
9.3
8.1
82.5
82.1
2.4
3 319
2 114
13.5
15.1
..
Ireland*
7.6
6.4
80.7
73.9
6.4
3 424
1 396
..
..
2.7
Italy
8.7
7.7
76.5
70.8
1.9
1 728
19.3
21.2
3.1
5.2
3.7
Japan
8.1
7.0
81.3
81.5
2.2
1 695
19.6
20.6
8.2
11.5
2.1
-1
-1
2 686
-1
2 581
-1
-1
-1
1997
1997
-1
10.2
-2
-3
5.4
+2
Denmark
15.3
6.6
Finland
3.3
5.7
2.5
France
3.1
8.2
3.2
Germany
4.0
13.2
2.8
3.0
..
3.7
2.9
3.0
-1
1.9
Greece*
2.8
1.4
Hungary*
3.3
19.3
7.4
2.1
8.5
..
4.0
-1
-2
1.8
18.6
-1
40.1
Iceland
Ireland*
4.1
-2
18.8
Italy
-1
Japan
Korea
6.8
Luxembourg*
7.3
-1
4.3
54.9
5.6
90.9
-1
41.7
9.2
92.5
5.1
1 688
-1
4 162
-1
623
24.7
1 972
8.4
-2
25.8
7.1
4.2
1.7
1.2
16.0
5.1
Korea
12.6
4.4
..
2.9
2.4
10.5
2.4
Luxembourg*
+2
Mexico
5.9
4.8
45.2
44.7
3.6
823
407
24.0
18.6
1.0
1.1
2.0
1.7
Netherlands*
9.8
7.9
81.4
71.2
4.5
3 837
1 916
11.0
11.0
3.0
3.7
3.9
2.9
New Zealand
9.2
7.3
78.0
77.3
4.8
2 510
1 352
9.6
14.4
..
..
2.3
2.2
8.8
2.6
Norway*
8.9
8.4
84.1
81.3
2.5
4 763
2 350
8.0
9.1
2.9
3.3
3.9
2.5
..
..
Norway*
Poland
6.4
5.6
70.8
72.0
6.4
1 035
498
24.5
..
4.6
5.7
2.2
2.4
2.7
..
Poland
2.8
3.4
3.5
8.9
2.8
4.9
6.1
3.1
5.7
..
2.9
9.3
3.3
2.9
..
6.8
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
1.5
+1
6.6
..
-2
3.9
Portugal*
9.9
8.0
71.5
65.7
2.3
1 186
21.8
Slovak Republic
7.7
5.8
66.8
91.7
11.5
1 555
564
27.9
34.0
Spain
8.5
7.3
71.8
72.5
4.2
2 671
1 299
21.0
20.8
2.5
2.9
3.7
Sweden
9.1
8.1
81.7
85.8
3.8
3 323
1 887
13.4
12.4
2.1
2.7
3.6
10.8
10.0
59.3
55.0
2.1
4 417
2 846
10.3
10.5
3.5
4.9
3.9
3.3
14.4
12.4
3.1
71.4
71.6
6.1
250
..
24.3
2.7
2.1
1.5
1.2
5.6
6.6
81.7
80.4
4.7
1 488
..
15.9
2.5
1.9
3.2
2.4
4.4
3.1
Switzerland
Turkey
5.7
United Kingdom*
8.4
-2
-2
-2
2 150
618
2 992
-2
23.8
+2
+2
-1
2.6
United States
16.0
13.4
45.4
44.7
3.7
7 290
4 055
12.0
9.5
2.7
OECD average
8.9
7.6
73.2
72.8
4.3
2 984
1 641
17.1
16.9
3.8
3.0
-1
+3
3.0
-3
-1
3.1
+3
Mexico
-2
Netherlands*
New Zealand
Portugal*
Slovak Republic
Spain
-2
Sweden
0.6
-1
Turkey
8.2
4.7
+3
2.3
25.9
13.5
United States
2.7
11.0
5.1
OECD average
Switzerland
United Kingdom*
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702473374743
*
..
-n

Data in this cell are from n years earlier (later, if +n) than the reference year. E.g. if the column refers to 2008, a
data point with '-1' attached refers to 2007.
Sources:
OECD Health Data 2009, OECD, Paris, June 2009.
http://www.oecd.org/health/healthdata
10
Demography and health > Health status

Life expectancy at birth
Fertility rate
Number of years
Children per
woman
15-49
2007
2007
Women
1997
Men
Total
Women
Men
Total
-1
Infant mortality
per 1 000 live births
1997
2007
Australia*
83.7
79.0
81.4
81.3
75.6
78.5
1.81
Austria
82.9
77.3
80.1
80.5
74.1
77.3
1.38
Belgium
82.3
-1
76.6
-1
79.5
-1
80.7
74.2
77.5
1.80
-1
3.7
Tobacco consumption
Obesity*
% of adults smoking daily
% of adults with BMI>30

kg/m
2007
2007
1997
4.2
5.3
16.6
3.7
4.7
23.2
-2
5.4
22.0
-1
+1
1997
19.8
-2
24.3
12.4
-1
9.1
+2
26.5
12.7
-3
11.1
22.1
..
Australia*
Austria
Belgium
Canada
83.0
-1
78.4
-1
80.7
-1
81.3
75.7
78.5
1.54
-1
5.0
-1
5.5
18.4
24.5
-1
15.4
11.4
-1
Canada
Czech Republic*
79.9
-1
73.5
-1
76.7
-1
77.6
70.5
74.1
1.33
-1
3.3
-1
5.9
24.3
-2
26.2
-1
17.0
-2
11.3
-1
Czech Republic*
Denmark
80.7
-1
76.1
-1
78.4
-1
78.6
73.6
76.1
1.85
3.8
-1
5.2
25.0
-1
32.0
11.4
-2
7.6
-3
Finland
83.1
-1
75.9
-1
79.5
-1
80.7
73.5
77.1
1.83
2.8
-1
3.9
20.6
24.1
14.9
82.3
74.5
78.4
1.98
-1
3.8
-1
4.9
25.0
-1
28.0
10.5
-1
7.4
80.5
74.1
77.3
1.33
-1
3.8
-1
4.9
23.2
-2
24.3
-2
13.6
-2
11.5
3.6
6.4
40.0
-1
37.6
+1
16.4
-1
..
-3
France
84.4
Germany
82.4
Greece
82.0
77.0
79.5
80.8
75.6
78.2
1.41
-1
Hungary
77.3
69.2
73.3
75.1
66.4
70.8
1.35
-1
Iceland
82.9
79.4
81.2
81.5
76.3
78.9
2.10
Ireland
82.1
-1
77.3
-1
79.7
-1
78.7
73.4
76.1
1.90
Italy
84.0
-1
78.4
-1
81.2
-1
82.1
75.9
79.0
1.34
Japan*
86.0
83.8
77.2
80.5
1.32
Korea
82.7
78.1
70.6
74.4
1.26
4.1
-1
7.7
Luxembourg*
81.9
80.0
74.0
77.0
1.64
-1
2.5
-1
4.2
Mexico
77.4
72.6
75.0
75.7
70.3
73.0
2.17
-1
15.7
24.0
Netherlands
82.3
78.0
80.2
80.5
75.2
77.9
1.72
-1
4.1
5.0
New Zealand*
82.2
78.2
80.2
80.0
74.8
77.4
2.01
-1
4.8
6.8
18.1
77.5
-1
77.2
81.0
-1
79.2
76.8
-1
82.6
76.1
-1
79.8
79.4
-1
79.4
-1
-1
5.9
9.9
..
35.5
2.0
5.5
19.4
27.3
6.1
29.0
33.0
5.6
22.4
25.2
3.7
26.0
35.3
3.4
-1
-2
3.1
3.7
-1
9.9
-1
2.6
-1
France
+2
+3
..
18.2
..
15.0
11.0
+1
9.9
8.8
+2
+1
3.5
+1
20.0
..
27.7
+1
29.0
36.0
11.2
8.1
26.0
26.5
18.8
30.0
2.2
24.2
Ireland
Italy
Japan*
+1
14.9
-1
Hungary
Iceland
2.7
33.5
Germany
Greece
20.1
32.0
25.3
21.0
-2
+1
Denmark
Finland
Korea
Luxembourg*
+3
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand*
Norway
82.9
Poland
79.7
Portugal
82.3
Slovak Republic*
78.1
Spain
84.4
Sweden
83.0
Switzerland
84.2
-1
78.2
-1
71.0
-1
75.5
-1
70.5
-1
77.7
Turkey
74.2
United Kingdom*
81.1
-2
United States*
80.7
-1
OECD average
81.8
79.2
-1
78.9
-1
81.1
-1
81.0
-1
69.3
81.7
-1
71.8
77.1
-2
75.4
-1
76.2
-1
74.3
78.9
-1
80.6
75.4
79.1
-2
78.1
-1
79.0
4.1
22.0
9.0
-2
6.4
+1
Norway
10.2
26.3
-3
31.5
-1
12.5
-3
11.4
-1
Poland
6.4
19.6
-1
19.5
-1
15.4
-1
11.5
-1
Portugal
8.7
25.0
-1
..
16.7
16.2
+1
5.0
26.4
-1
33.2
14.9
3.6
14.5
-1
19.2
10.2
7.9
Sweden
4.8
20.4
28.9
8.1
6.8
Switzerland
20.7
38.8
33.4
4.8
5.9
21.0
81.1
75.5
78.3
1.90
77.0
68.5
72.8
1.27
-1
6.0
79.3
72.2
75.8
1.36
-1
3.3
76.7
68.9
72.8
1.24
-1
6.1
82.3
75.2
78.8
1.38
-1
3.8
81.8
76.7
79.3
1.85
-1
2.5
82.2
76.3
79.3
1.44
-1
4.4
70.9
66.3
68.6
2.17
79.7
74.6
77.2
1.84
-1
-1
79.4
73.6
76.5
2.10
79.7
73.4
76.6
1.65
3.2
6.7
4.9
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
34.0
-1
-1
11.7
47.4
-2
..
..
28.0
-1
24.0
18.0
7.2
15.4
20.3
34.3
7.5
23.3
29.1
15.1
-1
30.5
12.2
Slovak Republic*
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom*
+3
United States*
OECD average
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702478677155
*
..

-n
Sources:
OECD Health Data 2009, OECD, Paris, June 2009.
http://www.oecd.org/health/healthdata
11
12
Economy > Gross domestic product, 2008

Total
Per capita
at current market prices
at current market prices
Using current PPPs*

Billion USD
% of OECD total
Using current
exchange rates, billion
USD
Using current PPPs*

USD
Using current
exchange rates, USD
OECD = 100
Purchasing power
parities
Australia
803.1
2.0
993.0
37 400
112
46 200
1.47
Austria
320.4
0.8
413.4
38 400
115
49 500
0.881
Austria
Australia
Belgium
Belgium
386.9
1.0
504.2
36 400
109
47 500
0.890
Canada
1 311.2
3.3
1 502.2
39 400
118
45 100
1.22
Canada
260.0
0.7
217.1
24 900
75
20 800
14.3
Czech Republic
Denmark
Czech Republic
Denmark
200.0
0.5
341.2
36 400
109
62 100
8.70
Finland
188.3
0.5
272.7
35 400
106
51 300
0.989
Finland
France
2 140.7
5.4
2 856.5
33 400
100
44 500
0.911
France
Germany
2 927.3
7.3
3 649.5
35 600
107
44 400
0.851
Germany
Greece
334.7
0.8
355.9
29 800
89
31 700
0.726
Greece
Hungary
189.6
0.5
153.8
18 900
57
15 300
140
Iceland
11.7
0.0
16.3
36 700
110
51 100
123.1
Ireland
Italy
197.3
0.5
272.0
44 200
132
61 000
0.94
1 815.6
4.6
2 303.1
30 300
91
38 500
0.866
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
4 363.4
10.9
4 910.4
34 100
102
38 400
116
Japan
Korea
1 245.7
3.1
858.8
25 600
77
17 700
760
Korea
39.0
0.1
53.7
79 800
239
110 000
0.940
1 531.1
3.8
1 081.7
14 400
43
10 100
7.86
Luxembourg
Mexico
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
676.8
1.7
871.0
41 200
123
53 000
0.879
Netherlands
New Zealand
115.1
0.3
126.8
26 700
80
29 500
1.57
New Zealand
Norway
270.0
0.7
450.0
56 600
170
94 400
9.40
Norway
Poland
656.1
1.6
527.8
17 200
52
13 900
1.94
Poland
Portugal
246.6
0.6
243.5
23 200
70
22 900
0.674
Portugal
Slovak Republic
115.6
0.3
95.0
21 400
64
17 600
0.583
Slovak Republic
1 461.1
3.7
1 604.2
32 000
96
35 200
0.750
Sweden
340.5
0.9
479.1
36 900
111
52 000
9.27
Sweden
Switzerland
319.2
0.8
491.3
41 600
124
64 000
1.67
Switzerland
Turkey
981.6
2.5
741.5
13 100
39
9 900
0.983
Turkey
2 211.0
5.5
2 653.6
36 300
109
43 500
0.653
United Kingdom
United States
14 196.5
35.6
14 196.5
46 500
139
46 500
1.00
G7
28 965.7
72.7
32 071.7
39 500
118
43 700
..
Spain
United Kingdom
Euro area
10 734.8
26.9
13 399.6
33 600
101
42 000
0.852
OECD total
39 856.3
100.0
43 235.7
33 400
100
36 200
..
Spain
United States
G7
Euro area
OECD total
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702548810026
*
..
Sources:
National Accounts of OECD Countries, OECD, Paris, 2009.
13
14
Economy > Economic growth and performance

GDP growth
GDP growth by component

Volume % change 2007-08
External balance
(goods and
services)
Net national
saving
% of GDP
at current prices,
2008
% of GDP
at current prices,
2008
Average annual % volume change
1998-2008
2007-08
2006-07
Private final
consumption
expenditure
Government final
consumption
expenditure
-1
3.4
-1
Gross fixed capital formation

Housing and other
construction
Total
3.7
3.1
0.9
Belgium
2.2
1.1
2.8
0.9
Canada
2.9
0.4
2.7
4.5
Czech Republic
4.0
3.2
6.0
2.9
0.9
3.1
- 2.6
5.0
4.7
Czech Republic
Denmark
1.6
- 1.1
1.6
- 0.2
1.1
- 3.6
- 5.7
2.2
7.9
Denmark
Finland
3.1
0.9
4.2
2.0
1.7
1.0
- 1.3
3.9
9.6
Finland
France
2.0
0.4
2.3
1.0
1.2
0.6
- 1.0
- 2.5
5.0
Germany
1.5
1.3
2.5
0.1
1.8
4.4
3.0
6.2
11.4
Greece
4.0
2.9
4.0
2.2
3.2
- 11.5
- 14.6
- 8.8
- 2.7
Hungary
3.6
0.5
1.2
- 0.7
1.3
- 2.9
- 4.4
-1
1.5
3.1
-1
Hungary
Iceland
3.8
0.3
3.8
4.2
-1
3.3
-1
- 14.9
-1
14.0
-3
- 10.6
-1
- 1.2
-1
Iceland
Ireland
5.7
- 2.3
6.0
6.1
-1
6.8
-1
1.3
-1
- 0.3
-1
10.7
-1
12.4
-1
Italy
1.2
- 1.0
1.6
- 0.9
Japan
1.3
- 0.7
2.4
0.7
Korea
5.3
2.2
5.1
0.9
Luxembourg
4.5
- 0.9
5.2
1.8
Mexico
2.9
1.3
3.2
4.2
Netherlands
2.4
2.1
3.5
1.6
2.1
-1
3.7
5.2
-1
0.6
-1
2.0
-1
2.1
1.1
-1
1.7
-1
5.6
5.3
1.4
-1
- 0.4
11.5
- 0.5
-1
- 1.8
- 1.7
1.3
1.0
..
-1
- 3.0
4.2
-1
3.9
5.4
1.9
-1
1.7
- 1.2
3.7
28.5
..
- 1.6
4.2
8.0
11.0
Belgium
-1
6.3
France
Greece
-1
12.2
Japan
Korea
..
17.0
Ireland
Italy
17.6
-1
Canada
Germany
2.0
-1
Australia
Austria
6.9
-1
- 0.5
- 2.0
7.3
-1
3.7
1.8
1.5
- 1.8
-1
2.3
2.4
1.8
5.9
-1
3.2
Austria
0.5
9.7
-1
Australia
Luxembourg
-2
Mexico
Netherlands
-1
-1
-1
New Zealand
3.0
- 1.6
3.1
3.2
Norway
2.4
2.1
3.1
1.4
3.8
Poland
4.2
4.9
6.7
5.4
7.6
8.1
2.9
Portugal
1.5
0.0
1.9
1.6
0.5
- 1.1
- 5.9
Slovak Republic
5.1
6.4
10.4
6.1
4.3
6.8
4.3
4.7
3.9
- 2.4
-2
2.0
- 0.9
-1
19.3
1.7
-1
- 6.7
1.9
- 2.4
5.8
Slovak Republic
Spain
3.5
1.2
3.7
0.1
5.3
- 3.0
- 4.8
- 5.8
3.4
2.8
- 0.2
2.6
- 0.2
1.5
2.7
1.5
7.4
15.2
Switzerland
2.0
1.6
3.3
2.1
-1
- 1.1
-1
5.4
-1
- 0.5
Turkey
3.8
1.1
4.5
4.6
-1
2.8
-1
3.3
-1
..
-2
-1
18.9
- 5.0
-1
..
2.6
0.7
3.0
1.4
1.1
2.0
2.8
-1
1.9
-1
- 2.2
-1
- 5.6
-1
- 5.2
-1
1.7
-1
G7
2.1
0.5
2.2
2.1
-1
1.9
-1
0.7
-1
- 1.5
-1
- 1.7
-1
4.6
-1
Euro area
2.1
0.8
2.7
0.5
OECD total
2.3
0.7
2.5
2.4
..
-n

Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year. E.g. if the column refers to 2008,
a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2007.
2.1
-1
1.9
..
-1
..
1.0
3.7
..
Switzerland
Turkey
2.6
0.0
- 3.0
Sweden
-2
United States
-1
- 3.5
9.2
Portugal
United Kingdom
2.0
Poland
7.1
- 9.5
Sweden
- 3.1
New Zealand
Norway
- 3.7
-2
Spain
3.4
-1
29.7
United Kingdom
United States
G7
Euro area
- 1.0 -1
..
OECD total
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702554741633
Sources:
15
16
Economy > Sectoral contributions to gross value added1

Agriculture
Industry
Services
% of value added
% of value added
% of value added
Total
2007
1997
2007
Manufacturing
1997
2007
1997
2007
1997
Australia
2.6
3.4
29.1
27.7
10.5
14.3
68.4
68.9
Australia
Austria
1.8
2.3
30.6
30.9
20.2
19.9
67.7
66.8
Austria
Belgium
0.8
1.6
23.9
28.4
16.4
20.2
75.3
70.1
Belgium
Canada
2.2
2.5
31.7
30.9
16.2
18.0
66.1
Czech Republic
2.4
4.2
38.9
40.6
27.4
27.3
Denmark
1.2
3.2
26.5
25.6
15.0
Finland
3.3
4.1
32.6
32.3
23.6
France
2.2
3.2
20.4
23.5
12.3
16.1
Germany
0.9
1.3
30.4
31.0
23.9
22.4
-3
-3
-3
-3
66.6
Canada
58.7
55.2
Czech Republic
17.0
72.4
71.2
Denmark
24.6
64.2
63.7
Finland
77.4
73.3
France
68.7
67.7
Germany
+2
Greece
3.8
7.7
20.4
20.0
10.3
11.1
+3
75.9
72.2
Greece
Hungary
4.0
7.4
29.7
31.8
22.1
23.5
+3
66.3
61.1
Hungary
Iceland2
5.8
9.8
23.7
28.9
10.1
61.3
Iceland2
Ireland
1.7
5.2
33.6
38.6
Italy
2.1
3.2
27.5
Japan3
1.4
1.7
Korea
2.9
5.2
Luxembourg
0.4
0.8
15.6
Mexico
3.3
5.5
35.8
Netherlands
2.0
3.5
24.4
New Zealand4
6.2
6.8
24.6
Norway
1.4
2.4
42.7
-2
-1
-3
-2
-2
-2
16.4
70.5
21.9
30.8
64.8
56.2
Ireland
29.5
19.0
21.7
70.4
67.3
Italy
28.5
32.8
20.6
22.2
70.1
65.5
Japan3
37.1
37.9
27.6
25.6
60.0
56.2
Korea
13.1
84.0
78.2
Luxembourg
21.4
60.9
59.2
Mexico
16.2
73.6
16.9
69.2
12.3
55.9
-1
-3
20.9
8.5
35.2
18.9
25.8
13.7
25.5
15.3
37.1
10.4
-1
-3
-1
-3
70.7
Netherlands
67.6
New Zealand4
60.4
Norway
Poland
4.3
6.6
31.8
33.4
18.9
Portugal
2.5
4.6
24.5
29.1
14.3
Slovak Republic
3.6
5.3
39.3
35.2
Spain
2.9
5.0
29.8
Sweden
1.4
2.5
28.3
Switzerland
1.2
1.8
Turkey
8.7
10.8
19.8
63.8
60.0
18.9
73.0
66.3
Portugal
24.7
23.0
57.2
59.5
Slovak Republic
29.3
15.2
19.0
67.4
65.7
Spain
29.1
20.0
21.7
70.3
68.4
Sweden
28.0
28.5
20.3
20.1
70.8
69.8
Switzerland
27.8
37.2
18.7
27.9
63.5
52.2
Turkey
76.3
68.7
United Kingdom
76.9
72.8
United States2
-1
United Kingdom
0.7
1.4
23.0
29.9
12.7
20.3
United States2
1.3
1.7
21.8
25.5
13.3
17.3
+1
Poland
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702607835138
1.
According to the 1993 System of National Accounts and the International Standard
Industrial Classification (ISIC), Revision 3 (1990). Value added is estimated at basic
prices and includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured (FISIM).
2.
3.
4.
Value added estimated at factor cost.

Value added is estimated approximately at market prices.
Value added is estimated at producer's prices.
-n
Data in this cell are from n years earlier (later, if +n) than the reference year. E.g. if
the column refers to 2008, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2007.
Sources:
17
18
Economy > Services: value added*

Contribution to total economy
% of total value added
Wholesale and retail trade, restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
and hotels
I
II
2007
1997
Australia*
13.1
Austria
16.8
Belgium
14.7
Canada*
13.8
Czech Republic
14.4
-1
-2
2007
1997
14.5
7.7
17.2
6.3
13.4
8.2
13.6
6.8
14.2
10.3
-1
-2
Real estate, renting and business

services
IV
Finance and insurance

III
2007
1997
8.7
7.9
7.5
5.4
7.9
5.6
7.2
7.4
10.5
-1
2007
6.5
21.7
5.7
18.8
6.1
23.5
7.2
17.8
3.7
2.9
-2
1997
-1
V
2007
1997
20.9
4.2
14.6
5.6
20.2
7.2
18.0
5.6
13.6
11.8
-2
Education, health, social work

and other services
VI
Public administration and defence
-1
2007
4.3
14.4
6.8
14.8
7.1
16.1
6.1
14.0
5.5
5.3
-2
1997
-1
-2
14.0
Australia*
14.9
Austria
15.4
Belgium
14.4
Canada*
11.3
10.4
Czech Republic
Denmark
13.5
14.5
7.8
8.0
5.4
5.0
19.2
16.9
6.0
6.9
20.5
19.9
Denmark
Finland
11.7
11.7
9.8
10.0
2.9
3.5
18.4
15.7
4.6
5.4
16.7
17.3
Finland
France
12.3
12.9
6.4
6.2
4.9
4.9
29.0
24.4
7.4
8.2
17.3
16.6
France
Germany
11.8
12.3
5.8
5.5
4.2
4.9
25.0
22.4
5.7
6.6
16.2
15.9
Germany
Greece
22.0
24.4
8.6
5.6
4.1
4.4
14.7
16.5
8.3
8.2
15.6
13.2
Greece
Hungary
13.7
13.1
8.2
8.4
4.2
3.7
18.1
14.7
8.4
8.2
13.8
13.0
Hungary
Iceland
12.5
13.3
7.3
8.7
8.7
4.3
18.5
12.6
4.7
4.7
16.2
17.1
Iceland
Ireland
12.8
12.7
5.2
5.9
10.6
6.6
17.5
12.0
4.3
5.2
14.4
13.9
Ireland
16.9
7.6
7.0
5.1
4.1
22.5
18.7
6.4
6.1
14.4
14.5
Italy
18.3
6.4
6.8
6.7
6.0
19.9
17.4
5.5
4.9
13.0
10.3
7.2
6.7
8.9
7.2
12.8
13.2
6.4
5.6
12.7
10.0
27.3
20.0
20.0
17.8
5.1
6.0
11.0
..
3.6
..
16.7
..
3.8
..
9.1
7.1
6.0
6.2
22.2
19.8
6.8
7.4
16.6
Italy
14.9
Japan*
17.0
Korea
9.7
Luxembourg
11.7
Mexico
18.5
Netherlands
14.9
-1
-1
13.1
8.7
..
9.2
15.2
7.0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
11.3
Japan*
10.4
Korea
11.3
Luxembourg
..
15.0
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand*
15.4
Norway
10.0
Poland
19.7
Portugal
17.3
Slovak Republic
17.4
-3
-1
15.1
7.4
11.8
7.5
20.2
7.0
17.6
7.0
15.7
7.1
-3
-1
8.0
6.3
9.6
3.6
6.2
5.2
6.5
7.5
10.6
3.8
-3
-1
5.5
21.8
3.7
14.3
3.9
13.5
6.2
14.6
3.7
13.1
-3
-1
21.9
4.4
13.1
4.5
11.5
5.8
13.4
9.2
13.3
6.7
-3
-1
4.7
13.9
5.6
16.0
6.4
12.7
8.3
17.3
5.5
9.1
-3
-1
12.3
New Zealand*
16.6
Norway
11.8
Poland
14.2
Portugal
10.7
Slovak Republic
Spain
17.6
18.2
6.8
7.3
5.2
4.6
16.9
14.4
6.0
6.3
14.9
14.2
Spain
Sweden
12.7
11.8
7.2
7.9
3.6
5.5
21.7
19.0
4.8
5.7
20.2
18.5
Sweden
Switzerland
15.6
Turkey
16.7
17.1
United Kingdom
14.3
United States*
15.0
-1
15.9
6.5
+1
-1
6.1
15.6
11.4
14.2
6.8
15.8
5.9
12.5
+1
-1
11.4
3.3
7.9
7.7
7.6
6.3
7.9
16.7
+1
-1
16.5
..
..
4.4
4.1
18.8
5.1
22.9
8.0
15.3
7.7
6.6
24.3
7.2
24.9
+1
..
..
7.1
5.2
5.4
17.9
16.0
United Kingdom
8.0
15.8
14.7
United States*
+1
Switzerland
+1
Turkey
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702673143772
*
..
-n

Data in this cell are from n years earlier (later, if +n) than the reference year. E.g. if the column refers to 2008, a data
point with '-1' attached refers to 2007.
Sources:
OECD STAN Database, June 2009;
National Accounts of OECD Countries, OECD, 2009.
19
20
Economy > Business statistics, 2006*

Manufacturing
Production
Number of
employees*
Billion USD
Thousands
-1
Wholesale and retail trade

Number of
enterprises*
Production
Number of
employees*
Thousands
Billion USD
Thousands
174
1 756
602
29
68
573
36
102
-1
Production
Number of
employees*
Thousands
Billion USD
Thousands
Number of
enterprises*
Thousands
-1
Australia
252
994
Austria
171
Belgium
294
Canada
397
..
..
..
..
Czech Republic
142
1 225
149
31
517
214
28
Denmark
106
406
18
90
430
50
71
350
73
Finland
147
400
25
33
248
48
33
208
56
Finland
France
1 098
3 577
254
430
3 113
706
555
3 154
631
France
Germany
Germany
-3
133
Business services and real estate
Number of
enterprises*
1 947
-3
49
-3
350
187
1 005
548
80
53
348
718
85
Australia
469
132
90
425
110
Belgium
..
..
Canada
344
250
Austria
Czech Republic
Denmark
1 980
6 934
197
436
4 295
474
473
3 811
620
Greece
66
305
93
51
546
309
28
194
142
Greece
Hungary
93
745
61
21
494
151
16
345
193
Hungary
Iceland
18
..
20
..
12
19
Ireland
142
218
33
294
32
33
186
35
Italy
1 126
3 834
514
496
1 827
1 247
301
1 584
1 059
Japan
2 683
..
10 720
..
..
..
..
Japan
Korea
956
2 778
119
..
1 276
917
..
1 275
217
Korea
13
37
40
11
48
Mexico
281
3 464
-3
348
-3
81
-3
2 601
-3
1 780
-3
29
-3
1 120
-3
157
-3
Netherlands
284
725
-1
46
-1
134
-1
1 158
-1
162
-1
151
-1
1 214
-1
147
-1
Luxembourg
New Zealand
45
-1
-1
7 549
271
-1
277
23
-1
27
333
-4
54
28
222
143
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
96
194
255
-1
92
2 245
19
-1
810
192
54
-1
127
98
338
-1
41
1 460
56
-1
827
591
59
-1
299
37
232
-1
34
632
97
-1
568
268
Norway
-1
224
36
411
189
21
108
14
Spain
622
2 451
220
230
2 641
816
217
2 212
645
Sweden
228
711
61
69
516
126
100
..
..
..
..
..
..
56
-3
323
-3
30
-3
17
-2
401
-2
110
-2
Switzerland
Turkey
200
-2
2 085
-2
281
-2
57
United Kingdom
793
-1
3 138
-1
153
-1
498
4 440
..
21 761
United States
5 020
12 549
430
-2
1 333
-2
968
381
-4
1 242
-2
482
668
4 340
..
17 057
Slovak Republic
Spain
227
644
-4
1 298
Poland
Portugal
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702761036354
*
..

Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year. E.g. if the column
refers to 2008, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2007.
-n
Sources:
Structural and Demographic Business Statistics, OECD database.
21
22
Economy > Transport, 2007

Freight transport
Passenger transport
Billion tonne-kilometres
Rail
Australia
Billion passenger-kilometres
Inland
Total inland
Oil pipelines
waterways
freight
Roads
-1
198.7
168.3
357.4
Austria
21.4
18.6
2.6
7.2
49.8
Belgium
7.7
42.1
9.0
1.5
62.1
Canada
..
..
..
..
16.3
48.1
0.9
Czech Republic
-1
Road accidents
% of
fatalities
compared
-1
Coastal
shipping
Buses and
coaches
Rail
Total road
transport
Private cars
Total
passengers
Killed and
injured,
thousands
Killed per
100 000
population
2007 / 1997
125.9
12.9
19.2
263.2
282.4
295.2
- 9.3
..
Australia
9.6
..
..
..
9.3
-1
- 37.5
53.9
Austria
..
9.9
18.1
137.6
-1
- 21.8
66.9
10
Belgium
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
- 8.8
202.9
2.1
67.4
6.9
9.5
71.5
81.1
88.0
- 23.5
30.5
12
-1
-1
109.9
-1
128.0
-1
-1
Canada
Czech Republic
1.8
11.8
4.6
18.2
..
6.0
7.5
63.9
71.4
77.4
- 17.0
7.1
Denmark
Finland
10.4
26.0
0.1
36.5
2.9
3.8
7.5
63.8
71.3
75.1
- 13.2
8.8
Finland
France
40.5
207.1
8.8
21.7
278.1
..
80.3
47.1
727.8
774.9
855.2
- 45.3
107.8
France
114.6
343.4
64.7
15.8
538.6
..
79.1
66.2
-1
869.0
-1
935.2
-1
1 014.2
-1
- 42.1
436.4
Germany
Greece
0.8
16.5
17.2
..
1.9
6.1
-1
36.2
-1
42.3
-1
44.1
-1
- 23.4
21.4
14
Greece
Hungary
10.1
13.2
2.2
5.7
31.2
8.8
16.9
41.4
58.3
67.0
- 11.4
28.7
12
Hungary
Denmark
Germany
-1
-1
Iceland
..
..
0.1
0.7
5.1
5.7
5.7
0.0
1.7
Iceland
Ireland
0.1
19.1
19.3
1.9
2.0
..
..
..
2.0
- 28.4
8.1
Ireland
Italy
25.3
171.6
11.5
205.8
720.2
824.3
874.1
- 23.7
331.0
Italy
Japan
23.3
353.2
- 41.0
1 040.2
Japan
Korea
10.9
..
Korea
0.3
0.6
0.3
77.2
222.4
..
Luxembourg
Mexico
-2
0.1
-
-1
-2
46.6
-1
49.8
104.1
376.6
207.8
-1
405.5
84.1
..
26.6
-2
18.4
..
..
..
..
- 53.8
342.1
13
1.2
0.3
..
..
..
0.3
- 28.3
1.2
Luxembourg
299.6
..
0.1
449.9
..
449.9
450.0
..
..
..
Mexico
-1
833.9
-1
917.9
-1
1 313.6
-1
Netherlands
7.2
32.9
43.6
..
19.2
New Zealand
-1
-1
5.6
89.1
..
16.3
15.6
..
..
..
..
-1
148.8
163.6
..
..
-1
179.0
-1
- 39.0
31.1
Netherlands
..
- 22.0
16.4
10
New Zealand
Norway
2.5
16.3
4.3
23.0
23.7
3.4
5.9
53.1
59.1
62.5
- 23.1
11.7
Poland
54.3
159.5
1.3
23.5
238.6
..
19.9
27.4
239.3
266.6
286.5
- 23.6
68.8
15
2.6
18.4
21.0
..
4.0
10.6
- 55.9
48.0
Portugal
-1
86.6
-1
97.2
-1
101.1
-1
-1
Norway
Poland
Portugal
9.6
27.1
1.0
37.7
2.2
7.7
26.0
33.7
35.9
- 20.4
0.6
12
Spain
11.1
253.8
8.9
273.8
47.8
21.9
59.2
343.3
402.5
424.3
- 31.8
146.3
Spain
Sweden
15.9
36.4
52.3
7.9
10.4
8.5
99.6
108.1
118.5
- 12.9
27.2
Sweden
Switzerland
13.4
25.4
16.2
- 34.6
27.5
Switzerland
9.9
181.3
..
5.6
..
..
..
Turkey
Slovak Republic
Turkey
21.3
175.9
United States
2 556.6
1 889.9
Russian Federation
2 090.3
205.8
United Kingdom
-1
0.1
-1
-1
0.2
-1
12.9
38.1
-1
204.2
-1
5.3
0.2
-1
10.8
-1
202.0
-1
50.6
-1
48.4
49.8
408.5
-1
853.6
-1
5 711.8
-1
384.7
-1
9.3
238.6
174.1
52.3
86.0
1 140.9
3 523.1
11.7
-1
88.2
..
-2
..
690.0
-1
4 278.6
..
93.8
-2
209.1
4 517.3
-2
214.7
739.8
-1
109.9
788.2
-1
52.3
4 526.0
226.3
-1
- 18.3
257.2
- 1.8
2 532.3
14
..
..
..
Slovak Republic
United Kingdom
United States
Russian Federation
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702767650465
..
Nil or negligible.
Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year. E.g. if the column refers to 2008, a
-n
Sources:
Trends in the Transport Sector, ITF, Paris, 2009;
IRTAD: www.irtad.net.
23
24
Energy > Supply, 2007

Primary energy supply1
Total
Mtoe3
% Change
2007/1997
Nuclear
Energy
intensity4
% Change
2007/1997
Coal and peat
% Change
2007/1997
Mtoe3
Mtoe3
Oil
% Change
2007/1997
Mtoe3
Other 2
Natural gas
% Change
2007/1997
% Change
2007/1997
Mtoe3
Mtoe3
% Change
2007/1997
124.07
22.5
0.24
- 13.6
54.75
23.5
36.99
10.6
25.35
49.8
6.98
5.7
Austria
33.18
17.7
0.15
- 8.4
3.87
5.0
13.25
11.7
6.98
6.7
9.08
48.6
Austria
Belgium
57.02
0.4
0.21
- 19.7
12.57
1.7
4.24
- 46.9
22.50
- 6.2
14.92
32.5
2.79
132.7
Belgium
Canada
Australia
Australia
269.37
12.8
0.31
- 18.6
24.36
13.1
30.07
9.2
94.45
15.8
79.00
11.4
41.48
11.4
Canada
Czech Republic
45.76
7.8
0.59
- 24.0
6.84
110.2
21.26
- 8.2
9.56
23.2
7.16
- 6.6
0.93
50.5
Czech Republic
Denmark
19.65
- 3.4
0.11
- 20.3
4.65
- 30.5
7.46
- 13.0
4.06
3.3
3.48
203.5
Finland
36.47
13.0
0.24
- 20.6
6.10
12.1
7.22
5.4
9.74
2.8
3.72
28.1
9.68
27.6
Finland
France
263.72
8.5
0.18
- 13.9
114.60
11.2
13.34
- 9.0
83.26
1.6
38.47
22.8
14.06
16.8
France
Germany
331.26
- 4.1
0.16
- 17.9
36.62
- 17.5
86.64
- 0.3
104.40
- 21.8
76.62
6.5
26.97
210.1
Greece
32.18
32.3
0.19
- 11.3
10.81
26.6
15.91
13.3
3.35
2.11
33.6
Greece
Hungary
26.73
2.8
0.43
- 30.9
3.84
4.9
3.13
- 31.8
7.28
4.1
10.70
10.3
1.78
69.1
Hungary
Iceland
4.89
101.6
0.42
30.6
0.11
103.6
0.83
20.2
3.95
134.9
Iceland
Ireland
15.06
24.9
0.11
- 35.2
2.37
- 21.8
7.83
28.9
4.28
54.6
0.58
222.7
Ireland
Italy
178.16
10.6
0.15
- 3.9
16.78
47.9
75.03
- 16.6
69.51
46.4
16.84
38.2
Italy
Japan
513.52
0.9
0.10
- 10.1
68.76
- 17.3
114.57
30.7
229.82
- 12.2
83.05
41.8
17.33
- 2.7
Japan
Korea
222.20
27.5
0.31
- 16.5
37.25
85.4
56.31
76.9
94.45
- 12.4
31.15
133.8
3.03
151.9
Korea
4.22
35.4
0.16
- 18.9
0.08
- 74.5
2.48
47.2
1.20
92.1
0.46
- 7.2
Luxembourg
184.26
33.7
0.24
- 2.9
2.72
- 0.3
9.10
41.9
104.93
24.0
50.54
75.3
16.98
11.9
Mexico
Netherlands
80.42
11.9
0.18
- 13.4
1.09
74.4
8.45
- 8.6
32.94
37.1
33.31
- 5.7
4.63
74.7
Netherlands
New Zealand
16.77
1.3
0.25
- 25.9
1.53
27.4
6.12
6.6
3.65
- 22.5
5.47
11.5
Norway
26.86
11.3
0.14
- 12.6
0.75
- 26.9
9.54
17.3
4.42
12.8
12.14
9.9
Luxembourg
Mexico
Denmark
Germany
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
97.11
- 4.9
0.43
- 37.0
55.73
- 20.8
23.96
32.5
12.37
31.4
5.04
20.3
Poland
Portugal
25.07
18.7
0.21
- 2.8
2.89
- 18.2
13.14
- 2.7
3.81
5.23
30.9
Portugal
Slovak Republic
17.85
- 1.4
0.57
- 38.8
4.04
40.2
4.00
- 21.3
3.54
1.5
5.09
- 8.8
1.17
10.4
Slovak Republic
143.95
36.3
0.20
- 6.2
14.36
- 0.4
20.01
8.8
67.94
23.8
31.85
181.7
9.80
47.7
Spain
Sweden
50.42
0.5
0.17
- 26.9
17.45
- 4.2
2.64
0.9
13.33
- 9.5
0.91
14.0
16.09
16.6
Sweden
Switzerland
25.72
4.7
0.09
- 14.6
7.31
10.0
0.17
49.8
10.45
- 12.1
2.63
14.8
5.15
42.5
Switzerland
Turkey
100.01
41.9
0.27
- 4.4
29.39
38.8
30.70
3.9
30.42
264.7
9.50
- 16.8
United Kingdom
211.31
- 3.9
0.12
- 27.8
16.43
- 35.8
38.65
- 3.6
68.84
- 7.7
81.94
7.5
5.45
53.5
United States
2 339.94
9.1
0.20
- 17.7
218.03
25.6
554.15
7.4
909.69
9.2
538.44
6.2
119.63
3.6
G7
4 107.28
6.4
0.17
- 15.0
478.80
6.1
854.21
9.0
1 565.50
0.6
967.03
12.0
241.75
16.8
EU27
1 758.85
4.9
0.18
- 17.9
243.89
- 0.2
330.07
- 5.6
607.36
- 3.2
432.21
20.4
145.31
50.4
EU27
OECD total
5 497.13
9.3
0.18
- 14.4
592.38
9.3
1 157.68
8.8
2 110.35
2.6
1 258.91
19.9
377.81
20.0
OECD total
Brazil
235.56
32.4
0.29
1.1
3.22
289.7
13.55
10.6
92.62
10.9
17.77
244.7
108.40
42.3
Brazil
China
1 955.77
80.0
0.83
- 27.4
16.19
330.9
1 285.07
96.4
354.99
86.1
59.12
250.9
240.40
9.0
China
India
595.31
43.8
0.77
- 27.6
4.37
66.4
242.49
60.5
140.75
53.1
33.37
77.1
174.32
16.7
India
Russian Federation
672.14
13.7
1.65
- 34.4
42.06
47.0
102.20
- 4.2
132.39
4.9
365.96
17.5
29.52
61.1
Russian Federation
South Africa
134.34
25.9
0.76
- 11.8
2.95
- 10.5
97.10
19.7
17.00
78.8
3.77
173.4
13.52
18.3
South Africa
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
G7
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702780788615
3.
4.
These figures are based on an assumption of 100% efficiency for hydro-electric, 33% for nuclear and
approximately 10% for geothermal plants.
Includes hydro, geothermal, solar, wind, combustible renewables, waste and international trade in
electricity.
Million tonnes of oil equivalent.
Total primary energy supply divided by GDP (ratio expressed in toe per thousand 2000 USD).
Nil or negligible.
Growth of more than 500%
1.
2.
Sources:
Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA, Paris, 2009;
Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, IEA, Paris, 2009;
Main Economic Indicators, OECD, Paris, 2009.
25
26
Energy > Production, 20071

Total
3
Mtoe
Australia
Nuclear
% Change
2007/1997
Coal and peat
% Change
2007/1997
Mtoe
Mtoe
% Change
2007/1997
Mtoe
Other2
Natural gas
Oil
% Change
2007/1997
% Change
2007/1997
Mtoe
Mtoe
% Change
2007/1997
289.21
43.9
218.41
55.3
25.30
- 10.3
38.52
50.8
6.98
5.7
Austria
10.90
25.2
- 99.9
1.00
- 4.4
1.59
30.7
8.32
34.6
Australia
Belgium
14.36
7.2
12.57
1.7
1.80
116.9
Belgium
Canada
413.19
13.2
24.36
13.1
33.89
- 21.2
160.95
31.4
150.59
9.4
43.40
7.7
Canada
Austria
Czech Republic
33.73
2.6
6.84
110.2
23.80
- 15.9
0.39
- 10.3
0.14
- 14.1
2.55
258.0
Denmark
27.04
33.6
15.58
36.1
8.27
17.3
3.19
82.2
Denmark
Finland
15.95
6.0
6.10
12.1
1.09
- 58.6
0.09
91.9
8.67
25.2
Finland
France
135.45
4.6
114.60
11.2
0.24
- 94.7
1.07
- 51.5
0.92
- 57.0
18.63
5.5
Germany
137.03
- 4.6
36.62
- 17.5
54.59
- 22.9
4.54
33.2
12.87
- 20.0
28.42
219.1
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Greece
12.15
27.1
10.37
34.5
0.07
- 82.5
0.02
- 50.9
1.69
22.0
Greece
Hungary
10.22
- 23.3
3.84
4.9
1.77
- 49.1
1.21
- 38.2
2.00
- 40.3
1.40
61.8
Hungary
Iceland
3.95
134.9
3.95
134.9
Iceland
Ireland
1.41
- 50.7
0.59
- 22.9
0.37
- 80.6
0.45
147.5
Ireland
Italy
26.38
- 13.2
0.10
85.8
6.31
4.3
7.95
- 49.6
12.03
41.1
Italy
Japan
90.47
- 14.8
68.76
- 17.3
0.81
- 6.5
3.58
68.3
17.33
- 2.7
Japan
Korea
42.48
79.0
37.25
85.4
1.33
- 33.1
0.58
23.5
0.32
3.00
153.2
Korea
0.08
75.4
0.08
75.4
Luxembourg
251.05
13.1
2.72
- 0.3
6.00
19.9
182.29
6.6
42.96
52.1
17.08
13.5
Mexico
Netherlands
61.45
- 6.6
1.09
74.4
3.05
1.3
54.74
- 9.6
2.56
63.9
Netherlands
New Zealand
14.00
- 5.1
2.81
44.1
2.07
- 35.1
3.65
- 22.5
5.47
11.5
New Zealand
Norway
213.91
0.6
2.68
120.23
- 25.1
78.06
90.4
12.94
20.8
Norway
Poland
72.65
- 27.4
62.49
- 32.1
0.73
97.6
3.90
21.6
5.53
26.1
Poland
Luxembourg
Mexico
Portugal
4.62
23.1
4.62
23.1
Slovak Republic
5.98
20.8
4.04
40.2
0.55
- 48.1
0.26
300.6
0.11
- 51.1
1.01
41.9
Slovak Republic
Spain
30.33
- 4.3
14.36
- 0.4
5.46
- 44.6
0.14
- 61.7
0.08
- 50.5
10.29
49.1
Spain
Sweden
33.58
3.5
17.45
- 4.2
0.16
- 16.7
15.98
13.8
Sweden
Switzerland
12.62
16.5
7.31
10.0
5.32
26.9
Switzerland
Turkey
Portugal
27.27
- 2.5
14.79
12.8
2.11
- 38.1
0.74
252.7
9.64
- 14.2
Turkey
176.23
- 34.3
16.43
- 35.8
10.03
- 66.1
80.16
- 40.0
64.89
- 16.0
4.72
122.2
United Kingdom
United States
1 665.18
- 1.1
218.03
25.6
567.79
1.0
317.45
- 19.5
445.66
1.1
116.24
3.3
G7
2 643.93
- 3.0
478.80
6.1
666.64
- 6.4
571.29
- 13.9
686.44
- 0.8
240.76
15.8
G7
EU27
United Kingdom
EU27
United States
860.59
- 12.2
243.89
- 0.2
187.66
- 29.7
119.57
- 30.3
167.31
- 16.8
142.16
47.8
3 832.87
1.0
592.38
9.3
1 018.94
- 0.3
926.40
- 11.7
921.91
6.0
373.25
19.0
OECD total
Brazil
215.58
71.0
3.22
289.7
2.35
7.8
94.45
111.4
9.16
77.7
106.41
45.2
Brazil
China
1 813.98
65.8
16.19
330.9
1 312.15
90.3
186.42
16.0
57.93
205.0
241.29
9.1
China
India
450.92
28.3
4.37
66.4
210.19
47.4
39.10
2.3
23.73
26.0
173.52
16.2
India
1 230.63
33.5
42.06
47.0
146.16
37.1
490.04
60.5
521.85
13.3
30.53
50.7
Russian Federation
159.59
11.3
2.95
- 10.5
139.87
11.3
1.14
44.5
1.61
16.7
14.02
14.8
South Africa
OECD total
Russian Federation
South Africa
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702826300556
1.
These figures are based on an assumption of 100% efficiency for hydro-electric, 33% for nuclear
and approximately 10% for geothermal plants.
Sources:
2.
Includes hydro, geothermal, solar, wind, combustible renewables and waste.
Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, IEA, Paris, 2009.
3.
Nil or negligible.
27
28
Energy > Energy consumption and electricity generation, 2007

Final energy consumption by sector 1
Total
Mtoe3
Industry
% Change
2007/1997
Mtoe3
Total electricity generation
Transport
% Change
2007/1997
Mtoe3
Other
% Change
2007/1997
Mtoe3
% Change
2007/1997
% Change
2007/1997
TWh2
Australia
75.93
15.8
30.51
15.1
27.13
11.3
18.28
24.5
254.6
39.3
Austria
26.94
18.8
9.18
23.7
8.51
48.5
9.25
- 2.9
60.9
9.4
Australia
Austria
Belgium
39.65
- 0.6
18.19
7.0
8.50
5.6
12.96
- 12.6
87.5
12.4
Belgium
Canada
Canada
204.98
11.9
77.59
9.7
58.02
14.6
69.36
12.0
639.7
11.5
Czech Republic
26.96
2.1
10.95
- 16.7
6.50
69.1
9.51
0.9
87.8
36.7
Denmark
15.13
2.7
3.18
- 3.9
4.70
16.1
7.25
- 1.7
39.2
- 11.6
Finland
26.75
14.6
13.62
21.3
4.62
17.1
8.50
4.1
81.3
17.5
Finland
France
164.97
4.7
46.21
- 9.1
45.96
7.6
72.79
13.7
564.4
12.6
France
Germany
Germany
Czech Republic
Denmark
233.15
- 2.7
82.71
8.7
55.49
- 6.2
94.95
- 9.0
629.6
14.9
Greece
21.80
28.1
5.33
11.8
7.86
30.7
8.61
38.2
62.7
44.9
Greece
Hungary
18.67
9.7
5.29
6.1
4.48
71.9
8.89
- 5.6
40.0
12.9
Hungary
Iceland
2.51
40.8
1.20
106.3
0.31
58.5
0.99
- 0.9
12.0
114.4
Iceland
Ireland
12.37
40.0
2.68
- 1.2
4.80
95.3
4.89
33.3
27.9
41.6
Ireland
Italy
139.27
13.5
46.71
5.1
41.79
10.1
50.77
25.7
308.2
25.0
Italy
Japan
341.70
1.0
140.60
- 1.8
83.18
- 6.1
117.91
10.5
1 123.5
11.9
Japan
Korea
146.80
20.6
75.35
38.6
30.70
5.2
40.74
6.8
425.9
91.8
3.96
35.4
1.04
5.3
2.19
78.6
0.73
2.8
3.2
Luxembourg
Korea
Luxembourg
114.76
22.0
37.97
- 2.4
50.86
56.2
25.94
14.7
257.5
42.3
Netherlands
60.73
13.7
27.38
30.6
12.19
18.5
21.16
- 4.5
103.2
19.2
Netherlands
New Zealand
12.43
9.7
4.34
- 12.8
4.96
29.8
3.13
23.2
43.9
22.2
New Zealand
Norway
21.07
11.5
8.96
14.1
5.03
19.2
7.08
3.7
136.4
23.1
Norway
Mexico
Mexico
Poland
64.90
- 3.4
21.44
- 18.3
14.90
56.7
28.56
- 9.1
158.8
12.6
Poland
Portugal
20.10
20.5
7.98
8.7
6.42
32.1
5.71
27.3
46.9
37.4
Portugal
Slovak Republic
11.53
0.7
4.94
1.8
2.42
66.7
4.17
- 19.1
27.9
11.3
Slovak Republic
102.56
39.8
33.60
15.8
39.07
50.3
29.90
62.9
300.3
58.7
Spain
Sweden
34.35
- 4.9
14.42
- 7.2
8.25
14.2
11.68
- 12.6
148.8
- 0.3
Sweden
Switzerland
20.41
8.7
4.59
14.2
6.00
13.5
9.82
3.7
66.5
7.2
Turkey
76.48
43.7
28.84
44.5
16.61
41.4
31.03
44.1
191.6
85.4
Spain
United Kingdom
Switzerland
Turkey
142.81
- 3.5
38.69
- 12.0
45.05
5.7
59.07
- 3.8
392.3
12.3
United Kingdom
United States
1 587.83
10.4
450.19
3.8
635.78
14.8
501.86
11.3
4 322.9
17.7
United States
G7
2 814.69
7.1
882.71
2.3
965.27
10.3
966.72
8.7
7 980.6
15.7
G7
EU27
1 223.92
5.7
415.44
1.3
337.50
16.3
470.97
3.0
3 327.9
17.8
EU27
OECD total
3 771.48
9.5
1 253.72
5.4
1 242.27
14.6
1 275.50
9.0
10 645.0
20.5
OECD total
Brazil
189.79
32.1
90.17
43.1
58.29
25.1
41.33
21.2
445.1
44.5
Brazil
China
1 248.23
57.8
680.68
79.6
139.05
137.0
428.50
21.2
3 279.2
189.0
China
India
391.31
29.9
152.14
43.3
40.77
46.1
198.40
18.8
792.4
70.1
India
Russian Federation
429.83
7.7
174.90
12.6
92.50
38.5
162.43
- 8.2
1 013.4
21.6
Russian Federation
65.01
17.3
25.35
- 3.1
15.98
30.0
23.69
39.8
South Africa
1.
2.
3.
Including non-energy use.

Terawatt hours, excluding output from pumped storage plants.
260.5
25.4
South Africa
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702837230256
Sources:
Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, IEA, Paris, 2009.
29
30
Labour > Employment

Civilian employment*
Total labour force*
Thousands,
2007
Australia
Austria
% change
2007/1997
Female participation rate*

2007
1997
Foreign-born labour force
Composition
Total,
thousands
% change
2007
2007/1997
Agriculture, forestry and

fishing
2007
1997
Industry
2007
Services
1997
2007
% of total labour force

1997
2007
1997
11 000
18.7
69.7
64.9
10 470
24.2
3.4
5.1
21.5
22.0
75.1
72.9
25.8
24.7
Australia
4 213
8.5
68.3
61.9
4 016
9.0
5.8
6.8
27.3
31.6
66.9
61.6
16.6
12.6
Austria
Belgium
4 733
8.9
60.7
57.4
4 380
16.4
1.8
2.3
24.4
25.3
73.7
72.5
10.6
Canada
18 008
18.9
74.4
68.0
16 866
23.1
2.5
3.9
21.6
22.1
75.9
74.1
21.2
Czech Republic
5 198
0.3
62.2
64.4
4 908
0.5
3.6
5.8
40.3
41.6
56.1
52.6
Denmark
2 893
1.3
76.3
75.1
2 752
3.9
2.9
3.7
23.5
26.8
73.6
69.5
Finland
2 695
7.5
74.5
69.6
2 483
14.8
4.6
7.0
25.8
27.5
69.7
65.5
France
27 702
8.8
63.4
60.4
25 093
13.2
3.2
4.4
22.6
25.3
74.2
70.3
Germany
41 685
4.7
70.0
62.5
37 815
6.5
2.3
2.9
30.0
34.8
67.7
62.3
13.6
11.9
Greece
4 918
14.6
54.2
46.3
4 520
17.3
11.6
19.8
22.4
22.5
66.1
57.7
8.7
5.1
Hungary
4 238
6.1
54.9
48.8
3 890
9.1
4.7
8.1
32.9
33.9
62.4
58.1
1.7
181
22.8
82.0
78.8
177
24.6
5.9
8.6
20.7
25.5
73.4
65.9
6.1
Iceland
Ireland
9.7
-1
Belgium
19.2
-1
2.1
1.9
+5
8.1
4.6
Denmark
3.1
1.7
Finland
11.9
11.8
1.7
-1
Canada
Czech Republic
France
+2
Germany
Greece
+2
3.3
Hungary
Iceland
2 202
43.1
63.7
50.3
2 095
52.7
5.4
10.3
27.5
27.1
67.0
62.6
15.5
6.8
Ireland
Italy
24 728
7.0
51.1
44.1
22 970
14.7
4.0
6.2
30.5
33.3
65.5
60.5
9.1
0.6
Italy
Japan*
66 690
- 1.7
66.9
63.7
64 120
- 2.2
4.2
5.3
27.9
33.1
67.9
61.6
0.3
0.2
Japan*
Korea*
24 216
11.2
59.1
55.4
23 433
10.5
7.4
10.8
25.9
31.4
66.7
57.8
2.1
0.5
Korea*
Luxembourg
343
46.6
96.2
62.2
333
46.7
1.4
2.0
22.5
25.9
76.1
72.2
46.5
39.6
44 048
19.3
47.4
44.0
42 552
20.1
13.3
23.3
27.4
22.5
59.3
54.2
..
0.4
Netherlands
8 741
13.9
72.6
61.8
8 464
17.5
3.0
3.7
19.1
22.2
77.9
74.1
11.0
8.6
New Zealand
2 245
18.5
72.2
67.8
2 156
22.4
7.1
8.7
21.8
23.8
71.0
67.5
23.8
Mexico
-1
19.9
Luxembourg
+3
Mexico
Netherlands
+4
New Zealand
Norway
2 507
9.6
77.4
75.3
2 428
12.1
2.8
4.7
21.1
23.2
76.0
72.1
8.3
4.9
Poland
16 909
- 1.8
56.0
60.0
15 241
0.4
14.7
20.6
30.7
31.9
54.5
47.5
0.3
..
5 618
15.8
72.9
63.7
5 135
14.3
11.7
13.7
30.7
31.6
57.6
54.7
8.0
4.5
Portugal
2 649
5.0
60.6
61.9
2 357
6.8
4.2
9.2
39.4
39.3
56.4
51.5
0.6
..
22 190
30.9
61.6
48.3
20 268
52.6
4.6
8.1
29.4
30.1
66.0
61.7
16.9
3.0
Sweden
4 838
10.8
77.8
75.0
4 541
15.8
2.2
2.8
21.6
26.0
76.1
71.3
13.8
9.2
Switzerland
4 573
11.0
80.2
74.6
4 413
11.7
3.9
4.7
23.7
26.1
72.4
69.2
25.4
23.2
23 114
- 0.6
25.8
31.2
20 738
- 2.2
23.5
41.7
26.7
23.7
49.8
34.6
2.2
..
Slovak Republic
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
+4
Switzerland
Turkey
30 721
8.7
69.2
67.1
28 965
10.7
1.4
1.9
22.4
26.7
76.3
71.4
12.2
7.7
United States
154 365
12.2
70.4
70.2
146 047
12.7
1.4
2.7
19.8
23.9
78.8
73.4
16.3
12.3
United Kingdom
G7
363 898
7.9
67.7
64.6
341 876
9.3
2.4
3.6
23.7
27.9
73.9
68.5
..
..
G7
EU15
188 221
10.6
64.8
58.3
173 830
15.5
3.5
4.9
26.3
29.5
70.2
65.7
..
..
EU15
OECD total
568 162
9.4
62.4
59.7
533 627
11.3
5.1
8.1
24.9
27.6
70.1
64.2
..
..
OECD total
United States
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702853606563
*
..
-n

Sources:
International Migration Outlook: SOPEMI, 2008 Edition, OECD, Paris, 2008.
31
32
Labour > Part-time and self-employment

Part-time employment*
Female part-time employment
Self-employment*
% of total part-time employment
% of civilian employment
% of total employment
Total
2008
Women
1998
2008
Men
1998
2008
1998
2008
1998
2007
1997
Australia*
23.8
..
37.7
..
12.3
..
71.7
..
12.0
15.1
Australia*
Austria
17.6
11.5
30.9
22.8
6.4
2.7
80.4
86.9
14.4
13.6
Austria
Belgium
18.7
15.6
33.8
31.2
5.9
4.7
82.9
82.4
14.8
18.6
Belgium
Canada
18.4
18.8
26.4
28.7
11.3
10.5
67.8
69.7
9.3
11.4
Canada
3.5
3.3
5.8
5.4
1.7
1.7
72.1
70.0
16.2
12.4
Czech Republic
Denmark
18.0
17.1
23.7
25.6
12.9
9.9
61.7
68.5
8.9
9.1
Finland
11.5
9.7
15.1
13.0
8.2
6.7
63.0
63.6
12.6
14.9
Finland
France
13.4
14.7
22.7
25.5
5.2
5.9
79.5
77.9
8.9
10.1
France
Germany
22.1
16.6
38.6
32.4
8.2
4.6
79.9
84.1
12.0
10.9
Germany
7.8
9.1
13.4
15.5
4.2
5.3
67.4
63.1
35.9
45.2
Greece
Czech Republic
Greece
Denmark
Hungary
3.1
3.2
4.3
4.9
2.0
1.7
64.7
70.2
12.5
17.4
Hungary
Iceland
15.1
23.2
23.6
38.6
8.0
9.8
71.2
77.4
13.7
17.7
Iceland
Ireland
21.0
17.6
36.0
31.9
8.2
8.2
79.0
72.0
16.8
20.8
Ireland
Italy
16.3
11.2
31.0
22.4
6.6
4.9
75.8
71.9
26.4
29.1
Italy
Japan*
19.6
..
33.2
..
9.9
..
70.4
..
13.4
17.5
Japan*
Korea*
Luxembourg
9.3
6.7
13.2
9.2
6.5
5.1
59.0
55.2
31.8
36.8
12.7
12.6
27.3
29.2
1.8
2.7
91.9
86.7
6.0
8.2
Korea*
Luxembourg
..
15.0
..
28.3
..
8.2
..
63.8
34.3
40.9
Mexico
Netherlands
36.1
30.0
59.9
54.8
16.2
12.4
75.5
75.8
13.1
12.6
Netherlands
New Zealand
22.4
22.7
35.0
37.6
11.6
10.5
72.3
74.5
17.3
20.1
New Zealand
Mexico
Norway
20.3
20.8
30.8
35.9
10.9
7.9
71.7
79.6
8.0
8.2
Poland
9.3
11.8
14.1
16.6
5.3
8.0
68.1
62.2
23.5
28.3
Poland
Portugal
9.7
10.0
14.3
15.8
5.7
5.2
68.5
70.9
24.2
28.9
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Norway
2.7
2.0
4.1
3.2
1.5
1.0
67.1
71.6
12.9
6.3
Spain
11.1
7.7
21.1
16.5
3.8
2.9
80.6
75.7
17.7
23.5
Sweden
14.4
13.5
19.6
22.0
9.6
5.6
64.6
78.1
10.6
10.8
Sweden
Switzerland
25.9
24.2
45.9
45.8
9.0
7.2
81.2
83.4
11.5
13.9
Switzerland
Turkey
Turkey
Slovak Republic
Spain
8.4
6.0
19.2
13.2
4.6
3.2
59.7
61.3
39.6
55.4
United Kingdom
22.9
23.0
37.7
41.2
10.2
8.2
76.1
80.2
13.3
14.5
United States*
12.2
13.4
17.0
19.1
7.5
8.1
68.1
68.2
7.2
8.2
G7
16.5
12.0
26.3
20.0
8.3
5.6
72.8
74.1
10.9
12.6
G7
EU15
18.3
15.9
31.5
29.8
7.5
5.8
77.2
78.7
15.5
16.8
EU15
OECD total
15.5
11.9
25.3
20.3
7.7
5.7
72.4
72.2
16.0
19.0
OECD total
United Kingdom
United States*
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702886557863
*
..
Sources:
Labour Market Statistics, OECD database, June 2009;
OECD Employment Outlook, OECD, Paris, 2009.
33
34
Labour > Unemployment

Unemployment rates*
Long-term unemployment
% of civilian labour force

Total
2007
Women
1997
2007
Men
1997
2007
Youth unemployment rates

(under 25) % of youth labour force
(12 months or more) % of

total unemployment
1997
2008
1998
Total
2008
Women
1998
2008
Men
1998
2008
1998
Australia
4.4
8.5
4.8
8.2
4.0
8.7
14.9
29.7
8.9
14.6
8.6
13.8
9.1
15.4
Austria
4.4
4.3
5.0
4.6
3.9
4.0
24.2
30.3
8.1
5.8
8.2
6.6
7.9
5.0
Belgium
7.5
12.6
8.4
16.0
6.7
9.8
52.6
61.7
14.3
20.4
13.8
23.0
14.8
18.3
Belgium
Canada
6.0
9.1
5.6
8.9
6.4
9.3
7.1
13.8
11.6
15.2
10.0
13.6
13.1
16.6
Canada
Czech Republic
5.3
4.8
6.7
5.9
4.2
4.0
50.2
31.2
9.9
12.4
9.9
14.8
9.8
10.7
Denmark
4.0
6.2
4.3
7.6
3.6
5.0
16.1
26.9
7.2
7.2
8.4
7.6
6.1
6.7
Finland
6.9
12.7
7.2
13.0
6.6
12.4
18.2
27.5
14.8
22.0
16.2
24.5
13.7
20.1
Finland
France
8.2
11.2
8.7
12.6
7.7
10.0
37.9
44.2
18.1
25.4
18.0
30.0
18.2
21.8
France
Germany
8.7
9.9
8.8
10.6
8.6
9.4
53.4
52.6
10.4
9.0
10.0
8.2
10.7
9.7
Greece
8.1
10.2
12.6
15.9
5.0
6.6
49.6
54.9
20.6
29.7
27.7
39.3
15.1
21.4
Greece
Hungary
7.4
8.9
7.7
7.8
7.2
9.8
47.6
50.1
19.9
14.0
20.9
11.7
19.1
15.8
Hungary
Iceland
2.3
3.9
2.3
4.5
2.3
3.3
4.1
16.1
8.2
6.0
7.5
5.6
9.0
6.4
Iceland
Ireland
4.6
10.4
4.3
10.3
4.8
10.4
29.4
57.0
10.5
11.6
7.6
11.1
13.1
11.9
Ireland
Italy
6.2
11.8
7.9
16.2
5.0
9.2
47.5
59.6
21.3
32.1
24.7
39.0
18.9
27.2
Italy
Japan
3.9
3.4
3.7
3.4
3.9
3.4
33.3
20.3
7.2
7.7
6.6
7.3
7.9
8.2
Japan
Korea
3.2
2.6
2.6
2.3
3.7
2.8
2.7
1.5
9.3
15.9
8.0
12.7
11.5
20.5
Korea
Luxembourg
3.0
2.7
3.2
3.2
2.9
2.4
38.6
31.3
13.5
6.4
12.5
7.1
14.3
5.8
Luxembourg
Mexico
3.4
4.1
3.7
6.1
3.2
3.0
1.7
0.8
6.5
6.4
6.8
8.7
6.2
5.2
Mexico
Netherlands
3.2
5.5
3.6
7.0
2.8
4.5
36.3
47.9
5.6
8.1
5.5
8.5
5.7
7.8
Netherlands
New Zealand
3.6
6.6
3.9
6.6
3.3
6.6
4.4
19.3
11.0
14.6
10.6
13.5
11.4
15.6
New Zealand
-1
Australia
Austria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Norway
2.5
4.1
2.5
4.2
2.6
4.0
6.0
8.3
7.5
9.1
6.8
9.4
8.2
8.9
Norway
Poland
9.6
11.2
10.3
13.2
9.0
9.5
29.0
37.4
17.3
23.2
19.9
25.2
15.2
21.5
Poland
8.0
6.7
9.6
7.5
6.7
6.0
48.3
44.7
16.4
10.3
20.2
12.8
13.4
8.2
11.0
11.9
12.5
12.8
9.8
11.1
66.1
51.3
18.9
25.1
19.9
23.4
18.1
26.6
Spain
8.3
20.7
10.9
28.2
6.4
15.9
23.8
54.3
24.6
33.9
25.8
43.0
23.7
27.0
Spain
Sweden
6.2
10.2
6.4
9.8
5.9
10.6
12.4
33.5
19.4
16.7
19.6
16.1
19.2
17.3
Sweden
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Portugal
Slovak Republic
3.5
4.1
4.3
4.0
2.8
4.1
34.3
34.8
7.0
5.6
7.4
7.0
6.7
4.4
10.3
6.8
11.0
7.7
10.0
6.5
26.9
40.3
20.5
14.2
21.3
12.8
20.1
14.9
Turkey
United Kingdom
5.3
7.1
4.9
5.8
5.6
8.1
25.5
32.7
14.1
12.3
12.0
10.5
16.0
13.9
United Kingdom
United States
4.6
4.9
4.5
5.0
4.7
4.9
10.6
8.0
12.8
10.4
11.2
9.8
14.4
11.1
United States
G7
5.4
6.5
5.5
6.9
5.4
6.2
26.4
31.5
12.6
12.3
11.3
11.9
13.7
12.6
G7
EU15
7.0
10.6
7.8
12.1
6.4
9.4
38.6
49.2
14.9
18.4
14.8
20.3
15.1
16.8
EU15
OECD total
5.6
7.0
5.9
7.7
5.4
6.4
25.9
33.1
12.4
12.9
11.7
Switzerland
Turkey
-n
Switzerland
13.3
13.0
12.6
OECD total
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/703037433056
Sources:
Labour Market Statistics, OECD database, June 2009;
OECD Employment Outlook, OECD, Paris, 2009.
35
36
Labour > Services: employment*

Contribution to total employment
% of total civilian employment
Wholesale and retail trade,
restaurants and hotels
Transport, storage and

communication
I
2007
Australia*
24.0
Austria
II
1997
-1
2007
25.4
6.4
21.3
20.7
Belgium
17.5
Canada
III
1997
-1
Real estate, renting and

business services
Finance and insurance
2007
6.4
3.9
3.7
12.0
6.3
6.6
2.9
3.2
17.9
6.8
7.2
3.2
25.6
25.5
6.1
6.0
Czech Republic
18.5
17.2
6.8
Denmark
19.5
18.9
Finland
16.0
France
17.2
Germany
Greece
1997
-1
Education, health, social work

and other services
IV
2007
1997
-1
Public administration and

finance
2007
10.6
4.7
12.1
7.8
3.7
16.7
5.7
5.3
7.0
1.7
6.5
6.7
15.5
7.0
16.6
6.1
19.5
19.4
26.6
24.6
Hungary
19.0
Iceland
VI
1997
-1
2007
1997
-1
4.0
23.9
22.7
Australia*
6.3
6.8
21.0
19.3
Austria
12.5
9.7
9.5
24.2
22.9
Belgium
12.0
9.3
5.0
5.4
22.6
22.6
Canada
1.8
10.9
7.4
5.9
5.7
14.7
13.4
Czech Republic
2.9
2.9
12.9
8.5
5.7
6.5
28.6
28.2
Denmark
7.7
1.6
2.0
11.4
7.7
6.8
7.6
26.4
25.1
Finland
6.1
3.1
3.2
15.5
12.6
9.3
10.0
25.1
24.2
France
5.5
5.4
3.0
3.3
14.2
9.5
6.7
7.9
23.5
20.9
Germany
5.5
6.8
2.5
2.4
6.3
4.0
9.8
8.7
18.2
15.1
Greece
17.1
7.7
8.6
2.1
2.3
7.2
4.1
7.3
7.1
19.5
19.3
Hungary
17.8
17.1
6.3
6.9
4.9
3.0
9.7
6.3
5.0
4.2
29.6
28.4
Iceland
Ireland
20.5
20.0
5.8
4.6
4.4
3.7
9.4
6.7
4.6
4.9
22.6
20.8
Ireland
Italy
19.4
19.0
4.9
5.2
2.5
2.7
12.2
8.6
5.5
6.7
22.9
22.0
Italy
Japan
25.2
25.6
5.8
5.8
2.7
3.0
11.7
8.8
3.2
3.3
19.4
15.2
Japan
Korea
24.4
27.7
6.4
5.5
3.5
3.7
10.0
5.4
3.4
3.1
19.0
12.4
Korea
Luxembourg
17.9
20.5
8.0
7.2
11.5
10.3
16.5
11.6
5.2
5.5
17.1
17.0
Mexico
29.3
..
4.6
..
1.0
..
4.7
..
4.8
..
16.0
..
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
20.3
20.1
5.5
5.6
3.4
3.4
18.7
16.0
5.6
6.2
26.7
24.7
Netherlands
New Zealand*
26.8
26.6
6.2
6.2
3.2
3.6
12.9
10.1
3.5
3.7
24.9
23.8
New Zealand*
Norway
17.3
17.5
8.0
9.1
1.9
2.3
12.0
7.9
6.1
7.7
30.7
28.7
Norway
Poland
17.0
-2
15.3
5.3
-2
5.8
2.2
-2
2.1
7.2
-2
4.4
6.5
-2
4.5
15.9
-2
16.8
Poland
Portugal
23.5
-1
20.1
3.9
-1
3.6
1.6
-1
2.0
6.4
-1
4.9
7.0
-1
6.4
17.0
-1
16.2
Portugal
Slovak Republic
22.0
15.1
6.7
7.5
1.6
1.7
8.4
5.7
6.7
6.6
16.5
18.0
Slovak Republic
Spain
22.3
21.4
5.7
5.7
2.0
2.5
9.7
7.1
6.7
8.1
20.3
18.7
Spain
Sweden
15.1
14.9
6.3
6.7
2.1
2.1
12.7
9.6
6.0
7.1
32.8
31.4
Sweden
Switzerland
20.7
22.7
6.3
6.5
5.2
5.2
12.2
9.4
4.4
3.8
23.5
21.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Turkey
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
United Kingdom
22.4
23.1
5.8
5.7
3.5
3.8
17.5
13.8
5.5
5.7
26.1
United States
22.5
22.3
4.7
4.8
4.2
4.1
14.8
14.2
8.7
8.8
26.7
-1
-1
Switzerland
Turkey
23.1
United Kingdom
24.3
United States
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/703043152228
*
Sources:
OECD STAN Database, June 2009;
..

Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year. E.g. if the column refers to 2008,
a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2007.
-n
37
38
Science and technology > Research and development (I), 2007*

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD)
% financed by
% of GDP
Government
-1
38.37
-1
4.4
-1
93.3
-1
0.46
7.7
9.6
-1
66.4
-1
0.68
0.0
662
69.3
2.10
6.2
-1
78.7
-1
0.60
-1
0.3
-1
49.40
724
56.0
1.56
2.3
82.5
0.57
-2
4.0
-2
53.96
369
63.8
1.34
13.6
82.2
0.61
35.60
57.23
Belgium
1.87
24.65
Canada*
1.88
31.42
Czech Republic
1.54
41.19
Denmark
2.55
27.58
Finland
3.47
24.05
France
2.08
38.42
-1
52.44
Germany
2.54
27.76
-1
Greece
0.57
46.82
-2
Hungary
0.97
44.41
43.86
Iceland
2.75
38.80
50.35
47.68
-2
59.68
59.53
-2
-2
716
57.3
-1
-2
-2
Austria*
2.89
2.4
4.00
3.5
-1
680
63.2
2.28
11.2
-1
80.2
68.07
-1
874
69.9
2.86
4.5
-1
31.06
-2
163
26.9
0.25
5.6
-2
0.30
-1
0.5
-1
181
50.3
0.78
9.6
74.9
0.37
-3
0.1
-3
980
54.6
2.44
5.4
83.2
0.92
-1
59.26
-1
591
-1
40.42
-1
334
66.8
Denmark
Finland
-1
0.75
27.7
92.0
-1
0.79
6.0
85.7
-2
-1
-1
0.0
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
0.55
0.0
Ireland
7.9
81.8
0.63
1.2
Italy
77.9
3.66
1.1
98.5
0.70
5.2
Japan*
76.2
3.87
6.2
93.4
0.96
18.0
83.8
1.97
5.2
-2
91.7
-2
0.39
-1
0.0
-1
5.7
-2
92.6
-2
0.19
-2
0.0
-2
1.63
3.4
-4
81.6
-4
0.70
2.0
Netherlands
0.77
8.8
0.56
0.0
New Zealand
3.44
15.63
77.71
1 157
3.47
24.80
73.65
861
Luxembourg
1.63
16.61
-2
79.72
-2
1 300
Mexico
0.46
45.34
-2
46.49
-2
57
Netherlands
1.70
36.23
-4
51.06
-4
669
60.4
New Zealand
1.21
42.66
325
42.7
48.8
49.5
-1
-2
0.30
-2
86.5
France
Germany
3.9
Korea
40.14
0.6
2.8
1.33
Japan*
-2
0.85
0.97
90.9
0.91
1.31
1.13
-1
Canada*
Czech Republic
72.3
48.32
Belgium
2.3
64.9
30.13
86.0
Australia*
917
Italy
-2
1.64
1 206
68.20
Ireland
-1
-1
% of which
defence R&D
% of GDP
Industry
2.70
2.56
-1
Government
70.4
2.01
Austria*
-1
% of value added
in industry
% of GERD
952
Australia*
-2
% financed by
Per capita at
current USD,
PPPs
Industry
Government budget appropriations

for R&D, 2008
Business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD)
79.4
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Norway
1.64
44.87
45.25
878
53.3
1.25
8.7
79.6
0.68
Poland
0.57
58.61
34.26
91
30.4
0.26
11.7
83.1
0.32
Portugal
1.18
55.20
269
51.5
1.03
4.2
Slovak Republic
0.46
53.92
92
39.6
0.25
10.3
-2
36.27
-2
35.60
Spain
1.27
42.49
-1
47.07
-1
401
55.9
1.08
14.4
Sweden
3.60
24.43
-2
63.86
-2
1 320
73.8
4.45
4.3
Switzerland
2.90
22.71
-3
69.73
-3
1 003
Turkey
0.71
-3
47.07
48.45
-3
73.7
-3
3.06
-3
1.5
-2
91.4
-2
73.5
-1
79.0
-1
85.0
-3
90.9
5.2
-1
1.01
0.5
-1
0.26
4.4
-1
0.81
-3
Norway
1.4
1.08
-1
0.72
92
41.3
0.42
9.7
89.1
..
13.1
0.6
-1
24.2
Spain
Sweden
-2
..
-2
Portugal
Slovak Republic
12.4
-2
Poland
Switzerland
Turkey
-2
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
1.79
29.33
47.19
640
64.1
1.81
6.6
70.1
0.67
United States*
2.68
27.73
66.44
1 221
71.9
3.05
9.2
90.8
1.00
G7
2.53
26.64
981
70.8
2.79
6.7
0.87
-2
38.6
-2
G7
EU15*
1.90
33.36
-1
55.60
-1
635
64.3
1.97
7.0
-1
82.9
-1
0.74
-2
13.1
-2
EU15*
EU27*
1.77
34.11
-1
54.98
-1
530
63.4
1.79
7.2
-1
82.7
-1
0.69
-2
12.5
-2
EU27*
OECD total*
2.29
28.56
-1
63.79
-1
748
69.6
2.44
6.7
0.78
-2
32.9
-2
OECD total*
Brazil
1.02
57.88
+3
39.38
-2
92
..
0.8
0.53
-4
1.2
-4
China*
1.49
..
4.8
India*
0.71
Russian Federation
1.12
South Africa
0.92
-1
65.80
24.62
-3
80.81
70.37
-5
62.62
-2
38.19
16.11
77
-5
29.45
-2
43.87
-1
13
76
-1
72.3
-3
165
-2
47.9
19.8
-2
64.2
-2
58.3
-2
90.7
90.1
-3
99.2
-3
91.9
..
..
..
..
..
1.01
55.3
36.6
0.40
0.79
-2
16.2
-2
68.3
56.6
-2
..
United States*
..
..
-1
52.1
..
Brazil
China*
India*
-4
Russian Federation
South Africa
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/703137671354
*
..
-n

Data in this cell are from n years earlier (later, if +n) than the reference year. E.g. if the
column refers to 2008, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2007.
Sources:
Main Science and Technology Indicators, OECD, Paris, 2009;
National sources:
Brazil: Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT);
India: National Science & Technology Management Information System, Department of Science & Technology.
39
40
Science and technology > Research and development (II), 2007*

Researchers
Higher education expenditure on R&D

(HERD)
% of business expenditure on R&D (BERD) performed in

(national totals)
Medium
high-tech
industries*
High-tech
industries*
Medium low-tech
and low-tech
industries*
Service industries
Per 1 000 total

employment
Full-time equivalent
9.1
-1
10.2
-1
14.1
-1
40.5
-1
87 270
30.2
-1
28.2
-1
12.6
-1
28.0
-1
31 352
7.8
24.1
0.62
Austria
Belgium
41.2
-1
23.7
-1
15.7
-1
17.0
-1
35 937
8.2
21.8
0.41
Belgium
Canada
35.3
-1
9.2
-1
15.7
-1
35.8
-1
134 300
Czech Republic
15.1
38.5
-1
17.7
7.4
-1
7.5
36.6
-1
33.5
+2
27 878
-1
8.5
8.2
-1
% of GDP
Austria
Australia
-1
% of GERD
+2
5.4
25.7
-1
0.52
-1
Australia
33.7
0.63
Canada
16.9
0.26
Czech Republic
29 572
10.2
27.5
0.70
Denmark
39 000
15.6
18.7
0.65
Finland
19.2
0.40
France
16.3
0.41
Germany
50.4
0.29
Greece
Denmark
39.9
Finland
57.9
France
41.9
-1
32.6
-1
11.9
-1
9.5
-1
211 129
Germany
30.9
-1
52.3
-1
6.8
-1
9.4
-1
284 305
7.2
Greece
21.9
-2
13.7
-2
17.1
-2
44.9
-2
20 817
4.4
Hungary
53.7
-1
16.0
-1
6.6
-1
21.4
-1
17 391
4.5
23.4
0.23
Hungary
Iceland
25.0
-2
6.9
-2
5.7
-2
59.7
-2
2 208
12.5
25.1
0.69
Iceland
Ireland
48.1
-2
9.0
-2
9.8
-2
32.9
-2
Italy
32.3
Japan
38.0
-1
40.2
-1
11.7
-1
8.5
-1
709 974
Korea*
53.8
-1
27.9
-1
8.3
-1
7.1
-1
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
14.4
30.4
..
28.5
26.3
..
..
-1
14.0
8.0
..
..
37.4
11.5
..
..
-1
8.9
..
-1
21.9
8.3
-1
12 169
-1
6.0
-1
26.4
88 430
-1
3.6
-1
30.3
0.35
-1
0.34
Ireland
-1
12.6
221 928
9.5
10.7
0.37
Korea*
2 174
6.5
3.0
0.05
Luxembourg
44 116
+2
1.2
5.1
+2
27.4
26.6
0.43
Italy
11.0
48 401
-1
-1
-2
0.13
0.45
Japan
-2
Mexico
Netherlands
..
..
..
41.1
Norway
12.4
18.9
13.5
40.0
Poland
19.2
New Zealand
30.1
0.36
New Zealand
9.8
31.4
0.51
Norway
Poland
29.7
-1
61 395
4.1
33.9
0.19
..
..
44.0
-2
27 986
5.5
29.9
0.35
Portugal
Slovak Republic
..
..
..
47.4
12 354
5.7
25.0
0.11
Slovak Republic
122 624
6.0
26.4
0.33
Spain
47 762
10.6
21.3
0.77
Sweden
22.6
Sweden
43.7
-1
22.2
-1
12.1
16.2
31.4
-1
10.8
..
27.1
-1
18 300
24 769
Portugal
Spain
-1
-2
-1
7.9
33.2
-1
15.3
Switzerland
..
..
..
Turkey
..
..
14.9
-1
25.8
..
-1
25 400
-3
49 668
6.1
-3
2.3
22.9
-3
48.2
0.66
-3
0.34
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom*
49.0
-1
18.8
-1
7.6
-1
23.2
-1
175 476
24.5
0.44
United Kingdom*
United States*
46.9
-1
16.3
-1
6.5
-1
29.6
-1
1 425 550
-1
9.7
-1
13.3
0.36
United States*
G7*
42.5
-1
26.5
-1
8.4
-1
21.5
-1
3 026 989
-1
8.7
-1
15.5
0.39
G7*
EU15*
37.3
-1
34.6
-1
9.5
-1
16.5
-1
1 166 129
-1
6.5
-1
21.6
0.41
EU15*
EU27*
37.1
-1
34.4
-1
9.5
-1
16.8
-1
1 360 332
21.8
0.39
EU27*
OECD total*
40.9
-1
27.9
-1
8.9
-1
20.3
-1
5.6
6.0
3 997 466
-1
7.4
-1
16.8
0.38
Brazil
..
..
..
..
118 296
-1
1.3
-1
..
..
China*
..
..
..
..
1 423 381
India*
..
..
..
..
92 500
12.0
5.1
2.6
72.0
469 076
..
..
..
36.4
Russian Federation
South Africa
*
..
-n

Data in this cell are from n years earlier (later, if +n) than the reference year. E.g. if
the column refers to 2008, a data point with '-1' attached refers to 2007.
-2
17 303
1.9
-5
0.2
8.5
-5
6.7
-2
1.4
4.9
6.3
-2
OECD total*
Brazil
0.13
-3
0.03
0.07
China*
-3
India*
Russian Federation
19.3 -2
0.18 -2 South Africa
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/703144282540
Sources:
Research and Development Expenditure in Industry, 1990-2007, OECD, Paris, 2009;
National sources:
Brazil: Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT);
India: National Science & Technology Management Information System, Department of Science & Technology.
41
42
Science and technology > Patents and trade in technology

Technology balance of payments
Patenting activity
Trade coverage ratios
Patent applications filed under the PCT*

Triadic patent
families*
Million USD, 2007*
Receipts
Payments
Balance
Australia
3 629.1
Austria
6 125.5
Belgium
7 854.8
Canada
2 514.2
Czech Republic
1 326.7
1 889.9
- 563.2
..
..
..
Denmark
Finland
3 817.2
France
5 188.3
Germany
Greece
Hungary
5 069.2
-1
3 644.1
-1
8 714.3
-1
1 357.6
3 233.5
2 481.4
-1
- 859.5
-1
5 570.5
-4
2007
-1 440.1
1 156.6
-1
-1 753.3
-4
1 954.8
-4
Export market shares
Exports as % of imports
Total
% of which
foreign coinventors
ICT
Biotechnology
2006
2006
2006
2006
% of total OECD
High-tech
industries*
Medium hightech
industries*
All manufacturing
industries
High-tech mfg
industries*
2008 *
2008 *
2008 *
2008 *
342
2 048
15.2
569
190
25
21
0.9
0.5
400
1 274
26.6
386
82
88
112
2.0
1.2
Australia
Austria
410
1 060
44.6
200
118
102
111
5.4
4.5
Belgium
706
2 898
28.6
1 132
289
62
75
3.7
2.3
Canada
19
149
26.3
22
90
129
1.5
1.2
Czech Republic
322
1 125
19.6
298
148
110
92
1.2
1.0
Denmark
318
1 593
16.2
943
46
123
112
1.2
1.1
Finland
2 468
6 085
21.9
1 789
349
109
97
6.8
7.3
France
42 739.4
38 350.0
4 389.3
6 146
17 147
15.6
3 984
639
115
200
16.8
13.6
443.0
1 133.7
- 690.6
14
84
20.6
14
19
20
0.3
0.1
Greece
Germany
Hungary
2 500.6
3 672.7
-1 172.1
42
191
30.3
71
10
118
114
1.0
1.5
Iceland
..
..
..
39
26.1
10
77
0.1
0.1
Iceland
Ireland
31 703.8
30 849.8
854.0
76
346
33.4
137
21
231
232
1.5
3.4
Ireland
Italy
5 737.3
4 619.3
1 118.0
756
3 158
13.2
552
141
72
132
6.4
2.7
Italy
Japan
21 080.1
6 033.9
15 046.3
14 605
23 505
3.0
9 994
1 103
125
373
8.4
8.1
Japan
Korea
1 897.0
2 488
6 396
5.0
2 885
270
182
156
4.6
7.0
Korea
Luxembourg
1 197.6
22
49
60.8
14
45
57
0.2
0.1
Luxembourg
20
193
19.6
23
108
94
2.7
3.5
Mexico
Mexico
180.4
-1
4 838.0
-1
1 267.4
-2
2 093.5
-2 941.0
-1
- 69.8
-2
-1 913.1
-2
Netherlands
..
..
..
1 024
3 411
19.1
1 379
266
106
128
5.0
6.0
Netherlands
New Zealand
..
..
..
50
323
21.8
65
29
27
25
0.3
0.1
New Zealand
Norway
4 547.7
3 232.0
1 315.7
128
634
20.9
149
29
49
40
0.6
0.3
Norway
Poland
1 699.6
3 993.9
-2 294.3
18
128
30.6
33
12
49
91
1.6
0.6
Poland
Portugal
1 319.4
12
103
41.0
30
13
47
64
0.6
0.3
Portugal
43
49.2
83
117
0.7
0.5
Slovak Republic
240
1 343
19.7
245
118
44
76
2.9
1.4
Spain
Slovak Republic
348.9
1 237.3
-1
573.0
82.1
-1
- 224.1
-1
6 674.6
9 064.4
Sweden
16 554.5
10 970.7
5 583.9
851
2 807
18.4
1 123
127
126
115
2.1
1.8
Sweden
Switzerland
10 316.8
14 668.8
-4 352.0
898
2 054
43.4
449
104
201
116
2.4
4.9
Switzerland
Spain
-2 389.8
..
..
..
24
291
9.4
41
21
61
1.6
0.2
Turkey
United Kingdom
34 621.8
17 816.1
16 805.7
1 645
6 322
22.9
2 225
420
84
82
4.5
5.2
United Kingdom
United States
85 919.0
48 957.0
36 962.0
15 923
49 909
10.7
19 145
4 124
83
73
12.9
19.4
..
..
..
66
436
14.6
58
29
35
58
1.7
0.7
Turkey
Brazil
United States
Brazil
China
..
..
..
591
5 195
12.4
2 967
175
120
109
15.0
23.0
China
India
..
..
..
171
1 077
23.9
257
84
30
56
1.6
0.4
India
29
2.4
0.2
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
South Africa
528.5
-1
1 137.9
-1
- 609.4
-1
66
789
22.8
200
73
45.6
-1
1 278.7
-1
-1 233.1
-1
29
369
12.2
84
11
17
..
-n

71
0.7
0.1
South Africa
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/703204304314
Sources:
OECD, STAN Indicators Database;
OECD, Patents database, June 2009.
43
44
Environment > Resources, latest available year*

Land
Australia*
Austria
Forest
Threatened species
Water
Total area
Major
protected
areas*
Nitrogenous
fertilisers use
Pesticides use
Wooded area
Use of forest
resources
Mammals
Birds
Water
withdrawal
Total fish
catches
Public waste
water plants
Thousand km
% of territorial
area
t / km of
agricultural
land
t / km of
agricultural
land
% of land area
Harvest /
annual growth
% of known
species
% of known
species
% of gross
annual
availability
% of world
catches
% of population
connected
7 741
13.0
0.2
0.01
21
..
24
13
0.2
..
84
28.0
3.2
0.10
47
0.6
22
28
89
Australia*
Austria
Belgium
31
3.3
10.6
0.50
22
0.8
36
25
32
55
Belgium
Canada
9 985
6.7
2.5
0.06
34
..
20
10
1.2
72
Canada
Czech Republic
79
15.8
6.8
0.11
34
0.8
20
50
11
74
Czech Republic
Denmark*
43
2.0
7.4
0.12
12
0.5
22
16
0.9
88
Denmark*
Finland
338
8.2
7.0
0.07
74
0.7
11
13
0.2
81
Finland
France
552
11.8
7.5
0.24
28
0.6
19
19
17
0.6
80
France
Germany
357
55.7
10.5
0.19
32
1.0
38
27
19
0.3
93
Germany
Greece
132
2.8
2.7
0.12
29
..
38
12
0.1
65
Greece
Hungary
93
8.9
5.8
0.17
22
0.6
38
15
60
Hungary
Iceland
103
5.6
0.6
0.00
44
1.6
57
Iceland
Ireland
Ireland
70
0.5
8.1
0.07
10
..
0.3
65
Italy
301
12.5
4.2
0.55
34
0.3
41
18
24
0.3
69
Italy
Japan
378
8.0
9.2
1.16
68
0.2
23
13
20
4.8
69
Japan
Korea
99
3.8
18.8
1.27
63
0.1
11
40
1.9
83
Korea
17.0
..
34
0.5
52
23
95
Luxembourg
1 964
8.6
1.1
0.04
33
..
32
16
16
1.5
36
Mexico
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
42
15.6
13.4
0.55
11
0.7
19
22
11
0.5
99
Netherlands
New Zealand
268
19.5
1.8
0.03
31
0.7
18
21
0.6
80
New Zealand
Norway*
324
4.6
10.0
0.07
31
0.4
14
16
2.6
77
Norway*
Poland
313
28.1
6.3
0.10
30
0.6
14
20
0.2
61
Poland
92
4.9
2.3
0.44
41
0.8
26
38
12
0.3
65
Portugal
Portugal
49
25.2
4.6
0.15
40
0.7
22
14
56
Slovak Republic
Spain
505
7.7
3.3
0.14
36
0.6
13
27
30
1.0
92
Spain
Sweden
450
9.2
5.1
0.07
67
0.9
18
17
0.3
86
Sweden
41
28.7
3.6
0.09
31
..
33
36
97
Switzerland
Slovak Republic
Switzerland
Turkey
784
3.9
3.3
0.04
13
0.4
14
19
0.6
42
Turkey
United Kingdom*
244
18.3
5.9
0.14
12
0.5
16
16
13
0.7
97
United Kingdom*
9 632
19.5
2.6
0.07
33
..
17
12
19
5.3
71
United States
21 448
13.1
3.3
0.11
34
..
..
..
12
13.3
76
G7
3 243
14.3
6.0
0.22
39
..
..
..
17
5.6
84
EU15
35 096
12.4
2.2
0.07
31
..
..
..
11
26.1
71
OECD total*
United States
G7
EU15
OECD total*
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/703206110145
*
..
-

Nil or negligible.
Sources:
OECD Environmental Data Compendium 2008, OECD, Paris, 2009;
OECD Key Environmental Indicators 2009, OECD, Paris, 2009.
45
46
Environment > Emissions and pollution, latest available year*

Air
Sulphur oxides
% change
since 1990
kg / capita
Australia*
Waste
Nitrogen oxides
% change
since 1990
kg / capita
Environment R&D
budget*
Quantity generated
Industrial waste per
unit of GDP*
Municipal waste
Nuclear waste per

unit of energy*
t / million USD
kg / capita
t / Mtoe
as % of total
government R&D
budget
122
58
82
36
20
690
4.2
Australia*
Austria*
- 62
27
17
..
590
1.9
Austria*
Belgium
11
- 65
21
- 48
50
490
2.0
2.3
Belgium
Canada*
62
- 36
71
-3
..
400
6.2
4.4
Canada*
Czech Republic
21
- 89
27
- 62
30
290
1.7
2.9
Czech Republic
- 86
34
- 32
10
800
1.7
Denmark
Finland
16
- 66
37
- 35
110
510
1.9
1.8
Finland
France
- 66
22
- 27
60
540
4.2
2.7
France
Germany
- 90
17
- 52
20
580
1.2
3.4
Germany
Greece
48
14
32
22
..
450
4.0
Greece
Hungary
12
- 88
21
- 13
40
460
1.7
9.7
Hungary
Iceland
30
20
107
10
560
0.4
Iceland
Ireland
14
- 67
28
-4
40
780
0.9
Ireland
Italy
- 78
18
- 45
30
550
2.7
Italy
Japan*
- 17
15
-5
40
410
1.5
0.8
Japan*
Korea
- 46
26
46
40
380
3.2
4.5
Korea
Luxembourg
- 83
30
- 38
30
690
..
26
-3
14
14
..
350
0.1
1.0
Mexico
- 66
20
- 42
30
630
0.1
1.2
Netherlands
Denmark
Mexico
Netherlands
Luxembourg
New Zealand*
19
50
40
56
10
400
..
- 60
41
-8
20
830
2.1
Norway
Poland
32
- 63
24
- 42
120
320
2.4
Poland
Portugal
18
- 40
25
50
470
3.5
Portugal
Slovak Republic
16
- 83
16
- 61
120
290
3.0
1.0
Slovak Republic
Spain
27
- 46
34
19
30
580
1.2
3.0
Spain
Sweden
- 65
19
- 43
110
520
4.1
2.2
Sweden
Switzerland*
- 58
11
- 48
710
1.9
0.1
Switzerland*
Turkey
23
11
15
72
30
430
..
United Kingdom
11
- 82
26
- 46
30
570
1.0
1.8
United States*
41
- 42
53
- 30
..
760
1.0
0.4
G7
24
- 54
35
- 31
50
630
1.6
..
G7
EU15
11
- 72
24
- 36
40
560
1.5
..
EU15
OECD total
24
- 48
33
- 24
50
580
1.5
..
OECD total
Norway
New Zealand*
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States*
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/703225273143
*
Sources:
OECD Environmental Data Compendium 2008, OECD, Paris, 2009;
..
-

Nil or negligible.
OECD Key Environmental Indicators 2009, OECD, Paris, 2009.
47
48
Environment > CO2 emissions, 2007

CO2 emissions from fuel combustion1
Total, million
tonnes of CO2
% change
2007/1990
Coal and peat
By type of fuel
By sector
Million tonnes of CO2
Million tonnes of CO2
Oil
Electricity and
heat
Other2
kg/2000 USD
t/capita
Industry
Transport
Residential
52.5
222.7
109.2
63.9
0.5
231.0
47.9
78.3
7.5
31.6
0.78
18.75
Austria
69.7
24.0
15.0
35.6
16.1
2.9
15.9
12.6
23.9
7.5
9.8
0.31
8.38
Austria
Belgium
106.0
- 1.8
16.7
51.9
34.5
2.8
24.2
27.3
25.0
16.1
13.3
0.40
9.97
Belgium
Canada
572.9
32.5
123.8
266.7
181.9
0.6
133.1
101.5
164.8
41.4
132.1
0.66
17.37
Canada
Czech Republic
122.1
- 21.4
80.1
25.1
16.2
0.7
67.8
21.1
18.5
6.8
7.9
1.58
11.83
50.5
0.2
18.1
21.9
9.5
0.9
23.1
5.4
13.9
3.0
5.1
0.28
9.24
Finland
64.4
18.5
29.0
26.5
8.5
0.4
31.1
12.2
13.6
2.1
5.4
0.43
12.19
France
369.3
4.9
50.9
226.1
87.1
5.2
54.9
69.3
130.6
56.4
58.1
0.25
5.81
France
Germany
798.4
- 16.0
347.5
261.3
179.4
10.2
361.6
117.3
148.7
101.7
69.1
0.39
9.71
Germany
Denmark
Other
CO 2 per
capita
396.3
Australia
Gas
CO 2 per unit
of GDP
Australia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
Greece
97.8
39.5
36.6
53.5
7.7
47.4
10.8
22.8
8.5
8.3
0.58
8.74
Greece
Hungary
53.9
- 19.1
11.7
17.7
24.2
0.3
19.2
7.3
12.9
8.3
6.2
0.87
5.36
Hungary
Iceland
2.3
24.6
0.5
1.9
0.8
0.9
0.6
0.20
7.53
Iceland
Ireland
44.1
44.1
9.0
25.0
10.1
14.0
5.2
14.2
6.7
4.0
0.31
10.13
Ireland
Italy
437.6
10.0
60.5
212.8
160.6
3.8
141.5
79.2
121.1
50.4
45.3
0.37
7.38
Italy
Japan
1 236.3
16.1
444.8
578.2
208.8
4.5
509.2
280.0
239.4
62.6
145.3
0.24
9.68
Japan
Korea
488.7
113.1
209.8
197.5
73.7
7.7
218.9
90.0
88.5
32.2
59.1
0.69
10.09
Korea
10.7
2.5
0.3
7.5
2.8
0.1
1.3
1.7
6.5
1.3
0.1
0.40
22.35
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Mexico
437.9
49.5
39.2
266.1
132.6
140.9
62.7
147.6
21.9
64.8
0.58
4.14
Netherlands
182.2
16.4
31.3
71.3
76.3
3.3
57.5
38.6
34.9
15.7
35.5
0.41
11.13
New Zealand
35.5
66.4
9.3
18.1
8.1
12.0
5.3
14.6
0.5
3.1
0.53
8.48
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
36.9
30.6
2.9
22.9
10.5
0.6
1.0
7.1
14.6
0.6
13.6
0.19
7.85
Poland
304.7
- 11.4
212.4
62.7
27.1
2.5
165.7
39.7
42.2
30.4
26.7
1.35
7.99
Poland
55.2
40.5
11.2
34.8
8.8
0.5
19.5
9.4
18.7
2.1
5.5
0.45
5.20
Portugal
Portugal
Norway
36.8
- 35.1
15.8
9.5
11.3
0.2
9.1
9.7
6.5
2.8
8.7
1.18
6.82
Slovak Republic
344.7
67.5
78.7
190.2
74.3
1.4
117.2
55.1
115.4
20.3
36.7
0.47
7.68
Spain
Sweden
46.2
- 12.4
8.9
33.6
1.9
1.8
7.9
10.7
22.6
0.6
4.4
0.16
5.05
Sweden
Switzerland
42.2
3.6
0.7
31.9
6.1
3.5
1.6
6.3
16.8
10.3
7.1
0.15
5.62
Switzerland
Turkey
265.0
108.8
115.4
78.6
70.9
0.2
97.3
62.4
48.0
32.1
25.2
0.71
3.59
Turkey
United Kingdom
523.0
- 5.4
146.9
184.9
188.4
2.7
203.1
60.8
130.9
73.4
54.8
0.30
8.60
United Kingdom
United States
5 769.3
18.6
2 114.8
2 381.5
1 245.5
27.5
2 459.0
638.0
1 807.5
330.9
533.9
0.50
19.10
United States
G7
9 706.9
12.7
3 289.3
4 111.5
2 251.6
54.4
3 862.4
1 346.1
2 742.9
716.8
1 038.7
0.40
13.32
G7
3 926.4
- 3.3
1 269.4
1 624.5
992.0
40.5
1 483.1
632.7
962.7
424.3
423.6
0.40
7.92
13 000.8
17.4
4 464.6
5 504.5
2 946.9
84.9
5 186.2
1 895.1
3 543.8
954.1
1 421.7
0.43
10.97
Slovak Republic
Spain
EU27
OECD total
EU27
OECD total
Brazil
347.1
79.8
49.4
257.0
40.7
32.8
105.9
146.4
16.1
45.8
0.43
1.81
Brazil
China
6 027.9
172.6
5 002.7
897.7
127.5
3 029.4
1 887.2
407.3
252.2
451.8
2.55
4.57
China
India
1 326.5
125.1
895.5
359.7
71.2
746.6
289.6
118.7
74.7
96.8
1.72
1.18
Russian Federation
1 587.4
- 27.2
427.6
325.8
820.7
13.3
877.4
241.5
228.8
119.5
120.2
3.91
11.21
345.8
35.8
283.0
62.7
220.0
47.3
46.3
16.5
South Africa
1.
Calculated using the IEA energy balances, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sectoral
Approach and the default emissions factors from the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories. They may differ from National Communications submitted to the UN Framework
Convention on Climate Change.
2.
Includes industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste.
Nil or negligible.
India
Russian Federation
15.7
1.95
7.27
South Africa
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/703348700051
Sources:
CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, IEA, Paris, 2009;
Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, IEA, Paris, 2009;
Main Economic Indicators, OECD, Paris, 2009.
49
50
Education > Expenditure, 2006*
Expenditure on educational institutions
Public and
private
Private
Public
Index of change in annual

expenditure per student
Annual expenditure per student
USD using PPPs*
Tertiary
education
2000 = 100
2000 = 100
USD using PPPs*
Salary per
statutory teaching
hour
% of GDP
% of GDP
2000 = 100
% of GDP
Primary
education
Australia
5.71
4.14
115
1.56
6 311
8 700
15 016
111
117
44 942
55
Austria*
5.51
5.16
106
0.35
8 516
10 577
15 148
109
139
40 304
66
Austria*
Belgium*
6.09
5.85
112
0.24
7 072
8 601
13 244
102
104
..
..
Belgium*
Canada*
6.48
..
7 774
22 810
..
..
..
Canada*
Czech Republic
4.80
4.24
145
0.56
3 217
5 307
7 989
152
130
29 127
46
Denmark*
7.25
6.67
115
0.59
8 798
9 662
15 391
112
116
40 322
62
Denmark*
Finland*
5.84
5.70
122
0.14
5 899
7 533
12 845
119
112
39 144
66
Finland*
France
5.92
5.48
103
0.44
5 482
9 303
11 568
103
105
34 179
54
France
Germany
4.78
4.08
103
0.71
5 362
7 548
13 016
104
99
57 978
76
Germany
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
32 107
64
Greece
Greece
-1
4.79
-1
108
-1
1.70
-1
Secondary
education
Primary,
secondary and
post-secondary
non-tertiary
education
Teachers' salaries in public lowersecondary education after 15 years of

experience
Tertiary
education
-1
125
-1
Annual statutory
salary
Australia
Czech Republic
Hungary*
5.64
5.11
152
0.54
4 599
3 978
6 367
167
88
14 515
26
Hungary*
Iceland*
7.98
7.17
144
0.81
9 299
8 493
8 579
135
90
25 227
38
Iceland*
Ireland
4.67
4.39
151
0.28
6 337
8 991
11 832
159
91
52 972
72
Ireland
Italy*
4.93
4.60
111
0.32
7 716
8 495
8 725
110
104
32 859
55
Japan*
4.99
3.33
101
1.66
6 989
8 305
13 418
112
112
48 742
81
Italy*
Japan*
Korea
7.35
4.47
151
2.88
4 935
7 261
8 564
159
134
54 671
100
Korea
Luxembourg*
..
..
..
..
13 676
18 144
..
..
..
89 864
140
Mexico
5.72
4.65
123
1.07
2 003
2 165
6 462
117
111
23 455
22
Netherlands
5.60
4.82
120
0.78
6 425
9 516
15 196
116
98
48 818
..
Netherlands
New Zealand
6.26
5.00
111
1.26
4 952
6 043
9 288
..
..
37 213
38
New Zealand
Luxembourg*
Mexico
..
5.36
120
..
9 486
11 435
16 235
103
97
36 298
56
Norway*
Poland*
5.68
5.16
128
0.54
3 770
3 411
5 224
141
127
..
..
Poland*
Portugal*
5.57
5.12
101
0.44
5 138
6 846
9 724
112
135
34 876
46
Slovak Republic*
4.25
3.63
127
0.62
3 221
2 963
6 056
157
108
..
..
Spain
4.66
4.17
121
0.50
5 970
7 955
11 087
119
127
44 774
63
Sweden
6.33
6.15
118
0.17
7 699
8 496
16 991
114
100
32 799
..
Switzerland*
..
5.42
112
..
8 793
13 268
22 230
106
102
62 183
..
Switzerland*
Turkey*
..
2.72
..
..
1 130
1 834
4 648
..
..
..
..
Turkey*
United Kingdom*
5.91
5.19
117
0.72
7 732
8 763
15 447
150
139
..
..
United Kingdom*
United States
7.38
5.01
120
2.36
9 709
10 821
25 109
114
103
44 015
..
United States
OECD average
5.81
4.91
121
0.85
6 437
8 006
12 336
124
111
41 993
61
OECD average
Brazil*
..
4.91
157
..
1 566
1 538
10 294
165
84
..
..
Russian Federation*
..
3.87
190
..
..
2 399
4 279
..
..
Norway*
..
-n

Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year. E.g. if the column refers to 2008, a data
Portugal*
Slovak Republic*
Spain
Sweden
Brazil*
..
..
Russian Federation*
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/703404350478
Sources:
Education at a Glance 2009 : OECD indicators, OECD, Paris, 2009 or revised data. www.oecd.org/edu/eag2009.
51
52
Education > Performance, 2007*
Student performance on the reading, scientific

and mathematical literacy scales, mean score,
2006*
Reading
Maths
Science
% educational attainment of adult population and current graduation

rates
Upper
First-time
All tertiary
Current upper
secondary or
attainment, 25- tertiary-type A
secondary
higher, 25-to-64graduation rate to-64-year-olds graduation rate
year-olds*
-1
Index of earning differentials,

tertiary-type A and advanced
% unemployment ratio at tertiaryresearch programmes to upper
type A attainment level (25-to-64secondary and post-secondary nonyear-olds)*
tertiary education (25-to-64-yearolds)*
Women
Men
-2
Australia
513
520
527
68.2
..
33.7
49.8
Austria
490
505
511
80.1
..
17.6
22.1
169
Belgium
501
520
510
68.0
..
32.1
..
151
-2
Canada
527
527
534
86.6
78.9
48.3
30.6
177
-1
Czech Republic*
483
510
513
90.5
88.0
13.7
34.9
170
Denmark
494
513
496
75.5
85.4
32.2
47.3
127
-1
140
Finland
547
548
563
80.5
96.8
36.4
48.5
160
-1
179
France
488
496
495
68.7
..
26.8
..
161
-1
-1
156
Women
143
-2
170
155
-2
173
-1
Men
2.1
1.8
3.6
2.3
..
..
Australia
Austria
Belgium
3.5
3.5
Canada
1.5
1.5
Czech Republic*
-1
3.0
2.9
Denmark
-1
3.6
3.2
Finland
178
5.7
4.9
France
195
Germany
495
504
516
84.4
99.5
24.3
23.4
174
167
4.5
3.6
Greece
460
459
473
59.6
96.2
22.7
17.7
..
..
..
..
Hungary
482
491
504
79.2
84.3
17.7
29.4
185
248
2.8
2.1
Iceland
484
506
491
64.5
85.9
29.8
63.1
..
..
..
..
Iceland
Ireland
517
501
508
67.6
89.6
32.2
45.0
201
-2
165
-2
..
..
Ireland
Italy
469
462
475
52.3
84.9
13.6
35.0
143
-1
178
-1
5.2
3.0
Italy
Japan
498
523
531
..
93.0
41.0
38.8
..
2.8
2.5
Japan
Korea
556
547
522
77.9
91.3
34.6
..
201
-4
138
-4
2.3
2.5
Luxembourg
479
490
486
65.7
74.6
26.5
..
150
-1
184
-1
..
..
..
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
410
406
410
33.3
42.6
15.9
..
..
Netherlands
507
531
525
73.2
..
30.8
42.8
159
..
New Zealand
521
522
530
71.6
74.5
41.0
47.6
145
Norway
484
490
487
78.9
91.9
34.2
43.4
134
-1
125
-1
151
4.5
3.4
Mexico
1.8
1.7
Netherlands
2.3
2.1
-1
..
..
-1
142
New Zealand
Norway
Poland*
508
495
498
86.3
83.7
18.7
49.0
165
-1
194
-1
4.3
3.3
Poland*
Portugal*
472
466
474
27.5
65.1
13.7
42.6
178
-1
190
-1
7.6
5.1
Portugal*
Slovak Republic
466
492
488
87.0
84.7
14.1
38.9
..
..
..
Spain
461
480
488
50.7
74.3
29.0
32.4
156
-3
144
-3
5.2
3.8
Sweden
507
502
503
84.6
74.1
31.3
39.9
132
144
3.0
3.6
Sweden
Switzerland
499
530
512
86.0
89.1
31.3
31.4
164
154
2.9
2.1
Switzerland
Turkey*
447
424
424
28.7
58.4
10.8
15.2
9.9
5.4
Turkey*
United Kingdom
495
495
515
68.3
88.7
31.8
38.7
199
153
2.1
2.3
United Kingdom
..
474
489
87.9
77.5
40.3
36.5
173
188
1.8
1.9
United States
United States
OECD average
492
498
500
70.1
82.1
27.5
38.7
Brazil*
393
370
390
36.8
..
9.6
15.1
Russian Federation
440
476
479
88.0
-5
..
-n

..
-1
-4
162
..
-2
162
-2
Slovak Republic
Spain
164
166
3.7
3.0
OECD average
270
284
3.8
2.6
Brazil*
54.0 -5
..
..
..
..
..
Russian Federation
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/703440120450
Sources:
Education at a Glance 2009 : OECD indicators, OECD, Paris, 2009. www.oecd.org/edu/eag2009;
PISA 2006: Science Competencies for Tomorrow's World, OECD, Paris. www.pisa.oecd.org.
53
54
Public finance > Agriculture: support estimates, 2008

Producer support estimate1
Consumer support estimate2

Total support
estimate3
% of value of
consumption
expenditure on
commodities
domestically produced
Total in billion USD

% of value of total gross
farm receipts
2008
2007
Total in billion USD
2008
% of GDP
2007
Australia
-1
0.3
Australia
Canada
13
- 11
-3
-4
0.6
Canada
Iceland
51
- 33
1.1
Iceland
Japan
48
42
36
- 41
- 47
- 41
1.1
Japan
Korea
52
18
26
- 48
- 20
- 32
2.4
Korea
Mexico
13
-2
-1
-2
0.7
Mexico
-2
0.2
New Zealand
Norway
62
- 43
-2
-1
1.0
Norway
Switzerland
58
- 41
-3
-3
1.2
Switzerland
Turkey
25
16
12
- 18
- 12
-5
2.3
Turkey
23
34
11
28
13
0.7
United States
New Zealand
United States
EU27
25
150
135
- 10
- 51
- 45
0.9
OECD total
21
265
260
- 10
- 108
- 118
0.8
EU27
OECD total
Brazil
-1
-1
-1
-3
-1
-2
-1
-2
-1
0.5
-1
Brazil
China
-1
50
-1
49
-1
-4
-1
- 23
-1
- 27
-1
2.1
-1
China
11
-1
-1
10
-1
- 13
-1
- 10
-1
- 12
-1
0.8
-1
Russian Federation
-1
-1
-1
-2
-1
-1
-1
-1
0.5
-1
South Africa
Russian Federation
South Africa
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/703443465000
1.
The value of gross transfers from domestic consumers and taxpayers to support agricultural
producers (when negative, the PSE is an implicit tax on agriculture).
2.
The value of gross transfers to consumers of agricultural commodities arising from policy
measures which support agriculture (when negative, the CSE is an implicit tax on
consumption).
3.
The value of gross transfers from taxpayers and consumers arising from policy measures
which support agriculture.
-n
Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year. E.g. if the column refers to
Sources:
Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries: Monitoring and Evaluation, 2009 Edition, OECD, Paris, 2009.
55
56
Public finance > Government sector, 2008

Total general government
revenue
Total general government

expenditure
General government final

consumption expenditure
Social security transfers
Net saving of general

government
Net lending of general

government
% of GDP
% of GDP
% of GDP
% of GDP
% of GDP
% of GDP
-1
18.1
1.3
- 0.5
Belgium
48.7
50.0
23.1
15.9
- 0.8
- 1.2
Canada
40.4
Czech Republic
40.9
42.4
20.3
12.7
- 0.1
- 1.4
Denmark
55.1
51.7
26.6
14.9
3.7
3.4
Denmark
Finland
52.5
48.4
22.1
15.2
4.3
4.1
Finland
France
49.3
52.7
23.2
17.5
- 2.1
- 3.4
France
Germany
43.8
43.9
18.1
16.9
0.8
- 0.1
Germany
Greece
39.9
44.9
16.5
18.4
- 4.4
- 5.0
Greece
Hungary
46.5
49.8
21.5
15.9
- 3.2
- 3.4
Hungary
-1
9.9
-1
2.6
-1
1.6
-1
18.6
19.3
2.9
-1
48.7
-1
7.7
-1
48.2
39.1
17.7
-1
35.7
Austria
-1
34.1
-1
Australia
1.4
Australia
Austria
Belgium
-1
Canada
Czech Republic
Iceland
48.8
-1
43.2
-1
24.8
-1
5.9
-1
8.6
-1
5.5
-1
Iceland
Ireland
35.9
-1
35.7
-1
16.0
-1
9.8
-1
3.7
-1
0.2
-1
Ireland
Italy
46.0
Japan
33.5
-1
36.0
-1
17.9
-1
11.6
-1
- 2.9
-1
- 2.5
-1
Japan
Korea
33.3
-1
28.7
-1
14.7
-1
3.1
-1
8.6
-1
4.7
-1
Korea
48.7
20.2
17.7
- 1.0
- 2.7
Italy
Luxembourg
Mexico
43.3
40.7
16.4
..
..
10.3
5.9
2.6
..
..
..
-1
10.2
46.4
New Zealand
44.6
Norway
58.7
39.9
19.2
11.7
20.1
18.7
Norway
Poland
39.2
43.1
18.5
14.1
- 0.4
- 3.9
Poland
Portugal
43.2
45.9
20.7
15.6
- 2.7
- 2.7
Portugal
Slovak Republic
32.7
34.9
16.4
11.3
- 1.3
- 2.2
Slovak Republic
Spain
36.6
40.5
19.1
12.3
- 0.4
- 3.8
Sweden
55.6
53.1
26.4
15.1
3.5
2.5
Switzerland
34.7
-1
-2
39.7
33.7
..
United Kingdom
42.3
United States
34.6
25.1
-1
-2
..
47.7
-1
37.3
18.8
10.3
11.2
-2
11.4
12.2
-1
..
-1
12.3
21.7
-1
16.1
2.1
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
Turkey
45.5
14.4
-1
-1
-2
6.5
1.7
1.0
-1
-2
..
13.2
- 1.6
1.0
Netherlands
-1
Spain
-2
- 2.8
Switzerland
Turkey
- 5.4
-1
New Zealand
Sweden
..
- 2.7
-1
4.9
United Kingdom
-1
United States
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/703462060711
..
-n

Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year. E.g. if the
Sources:
57
58
Public finance > Taxation, 2006

Disposable income of average
worker*
Tax structures
Total tax
receipts
Highest rates of income taxes*

% of total tax receipts
% of GDP
Personal
income tax
Corporate
income tax
% of gross pay*
Social security contributions

Employees
Employers
Taxes on goods
and services
Other taxes
Personal
income tax
Corporate
income tax
Single person
Married with
two children*
Australia
30.6
37.4
21.7
0.0
0.0
27.1
13.7
48.5
30.0
76.0
87.7
Australia
Austria
41.7
22.3
5.2
14.0
16.2
27.7
14.7
42.7
25.0
66.8
80.9
Austria
Belgium
44.5
29.3
8.3
9.2
18.6
25.6
9.0
45.1
34.0
58.1
77.9
Belgium
Canada
33.3
36.3
11.0
5.9
8.4
24.3
14.1
46.4
36.1
76.1
87.2
Canada
Czech Republic
Czech Republic
36.9
11.5
13.0
9.8
27.5
30.2
8.1
28.0
24.0
77.6
99.8
Denmark
49.1
49.8
8.7
2.0
0.1
33.2
6.2
55.0
28.0
59.1
70.9
Denmark
Finland
43.5
30.3
7.7
5.4
20.4
31.1
5.0
49.2
26.0
69.4
76.9
Finland
France
44.2
17.5
6.7
9.2
25.1
24.8
16.8
36.5
34.4
71.0
82.9
France
Germany
35.6
24.5
5.9
16.9
18.4
28.4
6.0
43.3
38.9
56.3
75.4
Germany
Greece
31.3
14.9
8.5
13.9
16.3
36.0
10.5
33.6
29.0
74.4
72.8
Greece
Hungary
37.1
18.3
6.3
6.8
24.9
38.4
5.4
59.0
17.3
64.7
79.2
Hungary
Iceland
41.5
33.7
5.8
..
..
42.3
18.2
35.3
18.0
74.6
93.1
Iceland
Ireland
31.9
27.8
12.0
4.5
8.2
36.5
11.0
42.0
12.5
85.3
108.6
Italy
42.1
25.6
8.1
5.3
20.6
25.6
14.7
44.6
33.0
71.5
84.3
Ireland
Italy
Japan
27.9
18.5
17.0
15.9
16.6
18.6
13.4
47.1
39.5
80.6
86.4
Japan
Korea
26.8
15.2
14.3
11.9
9.1
32.6
16.8
35.5
27.5
89.4
90.9
Korea
Luxembourg
35.9
21.0
13.8
12.4
12.0
27.9
12.9
34.7
30.4
73.4
100.5
Mexico*
20.6
25.1
..
14.9
..
56.3
3.7
21.5
29.0
95.0
95.0
Luxembourg
Mexico*
Netherlands
39.3
18.8
8.5
17.3
11.8
30.5
13.1
52.0
29.6
63.7
71.7
Netherlands
New Zealand
36.7
40.7
15.8
0.0
0.0
32.7
10.9
39.0
33.0
78.9
96.9
New Zealand
Norway
43.9
20.7
29.4
6.6
12.1
27.3
3.8
40.0
28.0
70.9
79.3
Norway
Poland*
33.5
13.7
7.1
36.3
..
38.1
4.7
31.5
19.0
67.8
69.6
Poland*
Portugal
35.7
15.4
8.4
9.6
20.8
40.6
5.3
37.4
27.5
77.5
88.9
Portugal
Slovak Republic
29.8
8.5
9.9
9.4
21.4
38.7
12.1
10.8
19.0
77.6
96.3
Slovak Republic
Spain
36.6
18.9
11.5
5.0
24.5
27.2
12.9
45.0
35.0
79.5
86.7
Spain
Sweden
49.1
31.9
7.5
5.4
19.8
26.1
9.2
56.6
28.0
69.1
77.2
Sweden
Switzerland
29.6
35.6
10.1
10.8
10.6
23.0
9.9
37.8
21.3
78.3
90.9
Switzerland
Turkey
24.5
15.6
6.0
8.4
9.6
48.7
11.7
35.6
20.0
69.6
69.6
Turkey
United Kingdom
37.1
29.0
10.8
7.6
10.2
29.0
13.4
40.0
30.0
73.1
79.6
United Kingdom
United States
28.0
36.5
11.8
10.4
12.1
16.8
12.3
41.3
39.3
75.6
88.6
United States
EU average
39.8
25.1
8.8
9.2
16.2
30.0
10.7
43.8
29.4
69.9
82.4
EU average
OECD average
35.9
24.8
10.7
8.6
14.6
31.5
9.7
40.5
28.1
73.4
84.9
OECD average
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/703488337628
*
Sources:
Revenue Statistics, 1965-2007, OECD, Paris, 2008;
..
Taxing Wages , 2007-2008, OECD, Paris, 2008.
59
60
Public finance > Development aid

Official Development Assistance (ODA)
Grant element
Multilateral aid
Grants by NGOs*
ODA to LDCs*
Million USD
% of GNI
Share in total DAC

ODA*
Annual average %
change in volume
% of ODA
commitments
% of ODA
% of GNI
% of GNI
2008
2008
2008
2002-03/2007-08
2007
2007
2007
2007
Australia
3 166
0.34
2.6
9.1
100.0
15.0
0.08
0.08
Australia
Austria
1 681
0.42
1.4
17.8
100.0
26.8
0.03
0.07
Austria
Belgium
2 381
0.47
2.0
- 0.2
99.7
36.5
0.07
0.17
Belgium
Canada
4 725
0.32
3.9
6.3
100.0
22.7
0.10
0.11
Canada
Denmark
2 800
0.82
2.3
0.7
100.0
35.6
0.03
0.34
Denmark
Finland
1 139
0.43
1.0
7.4
99.9
40.5
0.01
0.15
Finland
France
10 957
0.39
9.1
1.7
92.6
36.7
..
0.11
France
Germany
13 910
0.38
11.6
8.7
95.8
35.3
0.04
0.09
Germany
693
0.20
0.6
3.2
100.0
50.2
0.00
0.04
Greece
Ireland
Greece
Ireland
1 325
0.58
1.1
13.3
100.0
30.9
0.15
0.28
Italy
4 444
0.20
3.7
2.7
98.9
68.0
0.00
0.06
Italy
Japan
9 362
0.18
7.8
- 2.0
86.2
24.8
0.01
0.06
Japan
Luxembourg
409
0.92
0.3
7.5
100.0
32.5
0.02
0.35
Luxembourg
Netherlands
6 993
0.80
5.8
4.1
100.0
25.4
0.04
0.23
Netherlands
346
0.30
0.3
8.1
100.0
22.7
0.04
0.07
New Zealand
Norway
3 967
0.88
3.3
3.8
100.0
22.7
..
0.34
Norway
Portugal
614
0.27
0.5
1.4
85.7
42.6
0.00
0.10
Portugal
Spain
6 686
0.43
5.6
14.3
95.8
35.0
..
0.08
Spain
Sweden
4 730
0.98
3.9
7.4
100.0
32.4
0.02
0.29
Sweden
Switzerland
2 016
0.41
1.7
4.4
100.0
25.0
0.11
0.11
Switzerland
11 409
0.43
9.5
6.7
100.0
43.1
0.02
0.14
United Kingdom
New Zealand
United Kingdom
United States
26 008
0.18
21.7
7.0
100.0
13.2
0.09
0.04
United States
G7
80 815
0.25
67.5
4.9
96.3
29.7
0.05
0.07
G7
70 168
0.42
58.6
5.9
97.4
37.6
0.02
0.12
EU15
119 759
0.30
100.0
5.4
97.1
29.6
0.05
0.09
DAC total*
EU15
DAC total*
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/703520540522
*
.
Data for 2008 are preliminary.
..
Sources:
OECD/DAC Statistics, www.oecd.org/dac/stats.
61
62
International trade and investment > Direct investment

Direct investment flows
Direct investment positions
Inflows
% of GDP
2008
Outflows
Billion USD
1998
2008
% of GDP
1998
2008
Billion USD
1998
2008
1998
Inward
Outward
Billion USD
Billion USD
2008
1998
2008
1998
Australia
4.5
1.6
46.6
6.0
3.5
0.9
35.8
3.3
272.3
106.0
194.8
78.6
Australia
Austria
3.3
2.1
13.5
4.5
6.8
1.3
28.2
2.7
164.2
25.0
160.1
17.5
Austria
25.1
11.0
139.9
30.1
30.8
10.6
172.1
29.1
..
..
..
..
Canada
3.0
3.7
44.7
22.8
5.2
5.6
77.6
34.3
412.3
143.3
520.4
171.8
Czech Republic
4.9
6.0
10.7
3.7
0.9
0.2
1.9
0.1
114.4
14.4
9.9
0.8
Denmark
Belgium-Luxembourg*
Belgium-Luxembourg*
Canada
Czech Republic
3.1
4.4
10.7
7.7
8.0
2.6
27.3
4.5
..
35.7
..
38.8
Denmark
Finland
..
9.3
- 4.2
12.1
0.6
14.3
1.6
18.6
87.9
16.5
114.5
29.4
Finland
France
3.4
2.1
97.0
31.0
7.0
3.3
200.0
48.6
991.5
246.2
1 397.1
288.0
France
Germany
0.7
1.1
24.9
24.6
4.3
4.1
156.2
88.8
915.4
252.4
1 228.4
365.2
Greece
1.4
0.1
5.1
0.1
0.7
..
2.6
- 0.3
34.8
13.1
27.8
2.8
Hungary
4.3
6.9
6.6
3.3
1.1
0.6
1.6
0.3
88.4
20.8
19.5
0.8
Hungary
..
1.8
- 0.4
0.1
..
0.9
- 8.1
0.1
0.0
0.5
..
0.4
Iceland
Ireland
Iceland
Germany
Greece
..
10.1
- 12.3
8.9
81.1
4.4
13.2
3.9
0.0
62.5
..
20.3
Italy
0.7
0.4
17.0
4.3
1.9
1.3
43.8
16.1
343.2
108.8
517.1
177.0
Japan
0.5
0.1
24.4
3.2
2.6
0.6
128.0
24.2
203.4
26.1
680.3
270.0
Japan
Korea
0.3
1.6
2.2
5.4
1.5
1.4
12.8
4.7
85.3
0.0
95.5
..
Korea
Ireland
..
..
..
..
..
..
103.9
0.0
..
20.8
..
8.0
2.0
1.9
21.9
8.6
0.1
0.0
0.7
0.0
..
63.6
..
..
..
9.2
- 9.1
36.9
6.1
9.1
53.1
36.5
644.6
164.5
843.8
229.0
New Zealand
1.5
3.3
2.0
1.8
0.1
0.7
0.1
0.4
53.4
33.2
13.1
5.5
Norway
0.0
2.6
- 0.1
3.9
6.2
1.7
28.1
2.5
..
25.6
..
23.7
Luxembourg*
Mexico
Netherlands
Italy
Luxembourg*
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
3.0
3.7
16.0
6.4
0.6
0.2
3.4
0.3
161.4
22.5
21.8
1.2
Portugal
1.4
2.5
3.5
3.0
0.9
3.4
2.1
4.0
99.8
30.1
63.6
10.2
Poland
Slovak Republic
3.6
3.2
3.4
0.7
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.1
45.9
2.9
1.9
0.4
Spain
4.1
2.0
65.4
11.8
4.8
3.2
77.2
18.9
634.8
126.0
601.9
74.1
Spain
Sweden
8.4
7.8
40.4
19.8
8.4
9.6
40.2
24.4
253.4
51.0
319.2
93.5
Sweden
Switzerland
3.5
3.3
17.4
8.9
17.6
6.9
86.3
18.8
374.1
72.0
724.7
184.2
Turkey
2.5
0.3
18.2
0.9
0.3
0.1
2.6
0.4
..
..
13.9
..
United Kingdom
3.6
5.1
96.0
74.3
4.1
8.4
110.4
122.9
982.8
337.4
1 510.5
488.4
United States
2.3
2.1
319.7
179.0
2.3
1.6
332.0
142.6
..
920.0
..
1 196.0
OECD total
2.4
2.2
1 021.2
524.2
3.8
2.7
1 630.8
651.1
6 963.3
2 940.6
9 080.0
3 775.7
Brazil
3.6
3.9
45.1
31.9
1.7
0.3
20.5
2.7
..
..
..
..
Brazil
China
..
4.2
..
43.8
..
0.3
..
2.6
..
..
..
..
China
India
3.8
0.7
41.1
2.6
1.8
0.0
19.4
0.0
..
..
..
..
India
Russian Federation
5.0
2.2
70.3
2.8
3.7
1.0
52.4
1.3
..
..
..
..
Russian Federation
South Africa
3.9
0.4
9.6
0.6
..
1.3
- 2.3
1.6
..
..
..
..
South Africa
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
OECD total
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/703543766732
*
..
Sources:
International Direct Investment Database, OECD, Paris, 2008.
63
64
International trade and investment > Trade, 2007

Goods and services1
Imports
At current
prices and
exchange
rates
Billion
USD
Trade by commodities2
Exports
Exports (f.o.b.)*
Imports (c.i.f.)*
% volume
change
At current
prices and
exchange
rates
% volume
change
2007/2006
Billion
USD
2007/2006
Manufacturing, share of
total trade
Total
Billion
USD
% change
2007/2006
% of total
trade
% change
2007/2006
Manufacturing, share of
total trade
Total
Billion USD
% change
2007/2006
% of total
trade
Coverage
ratio
% change
2007/2006
Australia
213.2
12.7
196.5
4.5
157.8
19.0
77.6
0.0
141.0
14.3
33.5
2.6
89.3
Austria
199.1
7.5
220.9
8.8
156.1
16.2
79.6
4.3
156.6
16.7
88.2
2.5
100.3
Belgium
393.4
4.6
407.1
4.0
413.4
16.9
77.0
2.2
430.9
16.7
82.8
1.1
104.2
Belgium
Canada
467.6
5.5
495.4
1.0
380.4
8.7
80.7
- 1.0
420.2
8.3
62.9
- 2.8
110.5
Canada
Czech Republic
130.7
14.2
139.5
14.9
116.8
25.0
84.5
1.5
120.9
27.1
91.2
- 0.2
103.5
Czech Republic
Denmark
155.5
2.8
162.2
2.2
98.0
15.9
80.0
- 0.2
101.6
12.7
68.5
0.2
103.7
Denmark
Finland
100.0
6.5
112.4
8.1
81.7
17.7
70.7
0.5
90.1
16.5
86.6
- 0.2
110.2
Finland
France
735.9
5.4
687.5
2.6
611.1
15.3
76.5
1.4
539.3
12.6
83.0
- 0.1
88.3
France
Germany
Australia
Austria
1 322.4
5.0
1 556.4
7.5
1 059.3
14.9
79.4
2.0
1 328.8
18.4
91.5
0.3
125.4
Greece
104.6
6.7
71.9
3.1
76.1
19.5
70.7
4.0
23.5
12.4
63.6
5.0
30.9
Greece
Hungary
109.3
13.4
111.5
16.4
94.7
23.0
85.3
- 2.3
94.6
27.7
89.6
- 1.2
99.9
Hungary
Iceland
9.2
- 1.4
7.1
18.1
6.7
11.7
76.7
- 2.8
4.8
38.2
54.2
25.0
71.3
Iceland
Ireland
179.3
4.1
207.2
6.8
86.7
13.2
80.4
- 2.2
122.0
12.2
87.5
- 0.5
140.8
Italy
618.4
3.8
613.5
4.6
511.8
15.6
75.0
0.5
500.4
20.0
88.6
- 0.2
97.8
Japan
698.0
1.5
771.4
8.4
622.2
7.5
55.7
- 0.7
714.3
10.5
96.4
- 0.5
114.8
Japan
Korea
424.0
11.7
439.9
12.6
356.8
15.3
61.5
0.5
371.5
14.1
91.2
- 0.3
104.1
Korea
73.5
3.5
89.7
4.4
22.3
13.5
73.9
1.1
16.2
14.1
91.0
- 0.1
72.6
Luxembourg
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Mexico
306.1
7.0
289.6
6.2
283.2
10.6
84.4
- 2.0
272.0
8.8
76.7
- 0.7
96.0
Netherlands
514.8
5.7
581.4
6.5
421.3
27.1
71.4
2.8
476.8
28.8
70.6
3.6
113.2
Mexico
New Zealand
38.9
9.6
37.8
2.9
30.9
16.9
75.0
0.0
26.9
20.2
34.6
- 7.7
87.2
Norway
115.8
7.5
177.8
2.5
80.3
25.0
80.2
- 1.5
136.4
11.6
29.6
12.9
169.8
Norway
Poland
Netherlands
New Zealand
185.3
13.6
173.3
9.1
164.2
30.7
81.0
0.1
138.8
26.6
84.6
0.7
84.5
Poland
Portugal
89.4
5.6
73.0
7.5
78.2
17.2
71.7
0.2
51.3
18.2
82.8
0.3
65.6
Portugal
Slovak Republic
65.6
8.9
64.9
13.8
58.7
32.3
80.8
3.3
57.8
38.5
89.6
1.6
98.5
Slovak Republic
Spain
478.4
6.2
380.9
4.9
391.2
18.6
72.5
0.8
253.8
18.5
79.6
- 0.1
64.9
Spain
Sweden
203.4
9.4
238.5
5.8
152.8
20.2
78.0
1.3
169.1
14.7
85.2
0.3
110.6
Sweden
Switzerland
199.2
5.9
238.4
9.4
161.2
14.0
85.7
1.8
172.1
16.4
93.3
- 0.2
106.8
Switzerland
Turkey
177.4
11.1
144.3
6.7
170.1
21.8
73.1
- 1.0
107.3
25.4
83.6
- 0.1
63.1
Turkey
United Kingdom
835.1
- 1.5
740.4
- 4.1
624.8
4.4
78.9
- 2.3
440.1
- 1.9
81.8
- 2.4
70.4
United Kingdom
United States
2 370.2
2.2
1 662.4
8.4
2 017.1
5.1
75.4
- 0.6
1 162.4
12.1
83.3
- 2.1
57.6
United States
G7
7 047.6
2.8
6 527.0
5.4
5 826.7
9.1
74.8
0.0
5 105.7
12.5
86.0
- 0.7
87.6
G7
11 513.7
4.5
11 092.5
6.1
9 485.8
12.7
75.2
0.3
8 641.4
14.8
82.8
- 0.2
91.1
OECD total
Brazil
..
..
..
..
120.6
32.1
73.6
0.6
160.6
16.6
52.3
- 4.3
133.2
Brazil
China
..
..
..
..
956.0
20.8
74.6
- 2.4
1 217.8
25.7
94.9
0.4
127.4
China
India
..
..
..
..
218.6
17.9
49.5
1.2
145.9
15.7
67.6
- 2.7
66.7
India
280.9
27.3
393.2
6.4
199.7
45.0
83.4
2.6
352.3
16.8
32.1
1.3
176.4
..
..
..
..
79.9
16.7
73.2
- 1.7
64.0
21.7
71.2
- 2.3
80.2
OECD total
Russian Federation
South Africa
*
1.
National accounts basis according to the 1993 System of National Accounts (SNA).
2.
Customs basis data, by SITC rev. 3
..
Russian Federation
South Africa
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/703544133021
Sources:
National Accounts of OECD Countries, OECD, Paris, 2009;
International Trade by Commodity Statistics, OECD, Paris, 2009;
UN Commodity Trade Statistics Database.
65
66
International trade and investment > Trade in services, 2007*

Imports
Total
Billion USD
Exports
% of total
% change
2007/2006
Transport
Travel
Finance and
insurance
Total
Royalties
and license
fees
Other
services*
Billion USD
% of total
% change
2007/2006
Transport
Travel
Finance and
insurance
Royalties
and license
fees
Other
services*
Australia
38.5
19.7
33.8
36.8
3.3
7.3
18.7
40.2
21.6
17.9
55.3
3.6
1.7
21.4
Australia
Austria
38.9
16.3
30.8
27.1
6.4
3.8
31.9
55.3
21.1
21.7
34.1
5.1
1.4
37.8
Austria
Belgium*
72.3
36.0
28.2
23.8
4.7
2.6
40.7
78.9
32.7
31.4
13.8
5.9
2.1
46.8
Belgium*
Canada
80.5
11.4
23.2
30.8
11.1
9.3
25.5
62.6
5.7
18.1
24.7
8.9
5.8
42.5
Canada
Czech Republic
14.3
20.6
25.2
25.3
7.0
4.5
37.9
17.1
22.9
29.4
38.7
1.8
0.2
29.9
Czech Republic
Denmark
53.7
19.3
53.9
16.3
1.4
2.5
25.9
61.3
18.3
65.0
10.1
1.0
3.3
20.6
Denmark
Finland
22.0
18.4
25.8
18.1
1.4
6.4
48.3
23.0
31.7
14.1
12.3
2.4
5.4
65.8
Finland
France
130.4
14.9
28.8
28.1
4.6
3.5
35.0
145.4
15.4
22.9
37.2
2.1
6.1
31.7
France
Germany
Germany
258.3
15.3
23.8
32.1
4.2
3.8
36.1
216.5
15.4
23.7
16.6
8.1
3.4
48.2
Greece
20.2
23.5
52.7
16.9
8.3
3.0
19.2
42.9
20.5
54.1
36.1
1.3
0.1
8.4
Hungary
15.6
32.4
19.9
18.8
3.2
11.4
46.8
17.0
27.3
19.2
27.7
1.6
5.4
46.1
Hungary
Iceland
3.0
15.6
29.8
44.6
2.0
0.2
23.5
2.2
20.6
45.5
24.4
0.6
0.0
29.5
Iceland
Ireland
93.8
17.1
3.0
9.3
17.2
25.2
45.3
89.8
25.5
3.9
6.7
24.5
1.3
63.5
Ireland
Italy
121.3
20.8
22.5
22.5
3.8
1.4
49.9
111.7
13.1
15.8
38.1
4.7
0.9
40.5
Italy
Japan
150.2
10.8
32.6
17.6
5.1
11.1
33.5
129.0
10.0
32.5
7.2
5.9
18.0
36.4
Japan
Korea
83.1
20.7
35.0
26.4
2.0
6.2
30.4
63.3
27.0
53.0
9.7
7.0
2.7
27.6
Korea
Luxembourg
37.3
23.8
4.6
9.5
61.7
1.0
23.1
64.3
26.6
5.3
6.2
70.3
0.6
17.6
Luxembourg
Mexico*
23.8
4.4
11.5
35.2
47.0
0.0
6.3
17.7
8.2
11.3
72.7
11.3
0.7
4.0
Netherlands
98.2
13.1
21.2
19.4
3.4
10.2
45.8
111.6
15.5
24.6
11.9
2.1
12.3
49.1
Netherlands
New Zealand
9.1
15.2
32.6
33.8
3.9
6.3
23.5
9.3
15.2
21.4
58.1
1.2
1.5
17.8
New Zealand
Greece
Mexico*
Norway
38.2
22.2
32.7
34.0
2.4
1.6
29.3
40.3
21.8
47.5
10.6
3.1
1.3
37.4
Norway
Poland
23.9
20.7
23.5
32.3
3.8
6.5
33.9
28.5
39.0
32.1
36.8
1.2
0.4
29.5
Poland
Portugal
13.9
18.5
31.7
28.1
4.0
3.2
33.0
23.1
29.8
25.4
43.9
2.0
0.5
28.2
Portugal
6.5
36.8
28.2
23.5
9.0
1.9
37.4
7.0
29.8
31.9
28.7
4.2
2.1
33.1
Slovak Republic*
Spain
98.5
25.9
25.0
19.9
8.1
3.4
43.6
128.9
21.2
16.7
44.8
5.8
0.4
32.3
Spain
Sweden
47.8
21.1
15.9
29.2
2.8
3.8
48.4
63.4
27.8
17.5
18.9
4.4
7.5
51.7
Sweden
Switzerland*
29.6
18.1
12.2
34.7
8.1
37.8
7.3
66.3
19.9
8.2
18.4
38.2
13.5
21.7
Switzerland*
Turkey
15.4
34.2
42.8
21.2
14.1
4.2
17.8
28.6
13.2
21.6
64.5
3.6
0.0
10.3
Turkey
United Kingdom
203.1
15.9
18.5
35.2
7.8
5.0
33.5
281.4
20.2
11.6
13.4
29.5
5.4
40.1
United Kingdom
United States
378.1
8.4
25.3
21.6
16.3
6.6
30.2
493.2
14.6
15.6
24.2
13.9
16.8
29.5
United States
G7
1 321.9
13.0
24.8
26.6
8.7
5.7
34.2
1 439.9
14.9
18.4
21.8
13.2
9.8
36.7
G7
EU-25*
1 404.3
18.6
23.0
25.2
7.3
5.5
39.0
1 595.7
20.2
21.4
22.6
12.5
3.7
39.8
EU-25*
572.0
19.5
24.9
23.0
6.9
8.2
37.0
687.5
21.9
23.8
15.4
13.2
5.2
42.4
EU-25 extra*
Slovak Republic*
EU-25 extra*
OECD total*
2 219.5
16.0
24.9
25.0
9.0
6.6
34.3
2 520.0
18.2
21.3
22.9
12.6
7.2
35.8
OECD total*
Brazil
37.2
27.7
22.9
22.1
5.7
6.1
43.3
24.0
23.1
17.2
20.7
6.8
1.3
54.0
Brazil
China
China
130.1
29.0
33.3
22.9
8.6
6.3
28.9
122.2
32.8
25.6
30.5
0.9
0.3
42.7
Russian Federation
59.2
32.0
15.8
37.6
3.9
4.7
37.9
39.4
26.7
30.0
24.4
3.9
1.0
40.7
Russian Federation
South Africa
16.6
15.9
45.5
23.7
5.0
9.6
16.2
13.6
12.9
13.3
62.3
8.0
0.4
16.0
South Africa
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/703564332456
*
Sources:
OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services, Volume 1, 1999-2007, OECD/Eurostat, Paris, 2009;
For Brazil, China, Russian Federation and South Africa: IMF.
67
68
Prices and finance > Prices and interest rates

Consumer prices
April 2009
Producer prices
% change April 2009

/ April 2008
April 2009
Share prices
% change April 2009

/ April 2008
2005 = 100
2005 = 100
April 2009
Interest rates
% change April 2009

/ April 2008
2005 = 100
April 2009
Short-term, %*
Long-term, %
Australia*
111.5
2.5
..
..
87.1
- 32.4
3.10
4.51
Austria
107.4
0.7
105.4
- 3.0
61.8
- 52.9
..
3.91
Australia*
Austria
Belgium*
108.3
0.6
110.9
0.0
62.3
- 50.3
..
3.90
Belgium*
Canada
106.5
0.4
105.6
- 2.2
91.8
- 33.0
0.89
2.92
Canada
Czech Republic
113.9
1.8
101.8
- 4.8
65.9
- 47.1
2.50
5.25
Czech Republic
Denmark
108.5
1.4
112.8
- 1.1
72.3
- 44.0
2.06
3.50
Denmark
Finland
108.6
0.8
109.7
- 7.7
72.3
- 46.8
..
3.78
Finland
France
106.1
0.1
103.9
- 7.3
71.8
- 38.5
..
3.66
France
Germany
106.8
0.7
104.0
- 3.4
88.4
- 36.7
..
3.13
Germany
Greece
112.0
1.0
110.8
- 10.4
64.7
- 51.2
..
5.51
Greece
Hungary
122.5
3.3
119.7
0.3
64.9
- 44.4
9.77
10.63
Iceland
137.9
11.9
164.1
12.5
9.7
- 91.7
14.54
7.90
Iceland
Ireland
109.2
- 3.5
108.6
- 0.1
36.6
- 61.6
..
5.27
Ireland
Italy
108.1
1.2
105.7
- 6.3
56.2
- 44.4
..
4.35
Italy
Japan
100.8
- 0.1
103.0
- 3.0
65.6
- 35.7
0.36
1.40
Japan
Hungary
Korea
112.7
3.6
111.1
0.5
123.4
- 25.6
2.42
4.90
Luxembourg
108.7
0.3
104.5
- 18.1
85.2
- 57.2
..
..
Korea
Mexico
118.9
6.2
126.5
6.8
150.4
- 31.8
5.99
6.13
Mexico
Netherlands
107.4
1.8
106.5
- 9.7
63.9
- 48.7
..
3.77
Netherlands
New Zealand*
111.2
3.0
..
..
68.0
- 27.2
3.12
5.24
New Zealand*
Luxembourg
Norway
109.0
2.9
116.3
2.0
89.9
- 44.8
2.87
3.90
Norway
Poland
112.1
4.2
106.7
- 2.2
92.3
- 42.3
4.30
6.19
Poland
Portugal
108.0
- 0.5
105.5
- 6.6
94.3
- 37.2
..
4.53
Portugal
Slovak Republic
114.0
2.3
97.8
- 5.8
77.5
- 26.3
..
4.93
Slovak Republic
Spain
110.6
- 0.2
108.1
- 6.2
85.3
- 38.6
..
4.02
Spain
Sweden
106.7
- 0.1
113.7
2.7
88.5
- 28.2
0.30
3.18
Sweden
Switzerland
103.9
- 0.3
..
..
80.6
- 31.9
0.40
2.20
Turkey
138.0
6.1
126.6
- 3.2
105.3
- 27.2
..
..
United Kingdom
110.1
2.3
113.6
- 1.6
78.5
- 32.4
1.48
3.41
United States
109.2
- 0.7
108.6
- 6.6
72.6
- 41.8
0.89
2.93
G7
107.5
- 0.1
107.0
- 5.2
..
..
..
..
Euro area*
108.3
0.6
105.2
- 5.8
71.3
- 41.8
1.42
4.09
EU27*
109.5
1.3
106.9
- 4.8
..
..
..
..
EU27*
OECD total*
OECD total*
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
G7
Euro area*
109.3
0.6
108.8
- 4.3
..
..
..
..
108.6
0.5
108.4
- 4.3
..
..
..
..
118.8
5.5
..
..
169.2
- 30.3
..
..
Brazil
China
..
- 1.5
..
..
216.5
- 32.9
1.12
..
China
India
129.1
8.7
..
..
147.7
- 33.0
..
..
India
Russian Federation*
151.4
13.1
..
..
124.9
- 46.5
14.80
10.40
South Africa*
128.5
8.8
136.5
8.1
121.4
- 39.0
8.17
8.43
excl. high infl.*

Brazil
excl. high infl.*
Russian Federation*
South Africa*
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/703588158876
*
..
Sources:
Main Economic Indicators , Volume 2009/6 - June, OECD.
69
70
Prices and finance > Insurance and pensions

Insurance
Direct gross premiums
% of GDP
2007
Pension*
2007 premiums
Millions of USD
1997
Life
Non-life
Financial assets*
Total
investment of
pension funds
Millions of USD
% of GDP
2007
1997
Contributions to Benefits paid by

pension funds
pension funds
Financial assets
Millions of USD
2008
2008
2001
% of GDP
% of GDP
2008
2008
Australia
6.4
8.4
41 481.7
25 479.0
250 034.6
161 210.7
93.3
962 539.4
268 180.6
13.5
2.9
Australia
Austria
5.3
5.3
9 696.5
14 064.2
58 070.5
..
4.2
17 125.7
5 673.2
0.4
0.3
Austria
-1
-1
-1
-1
Belgium
-1
Czech Republic
Belgium
9.3
5.7
30 381.6
12 655.2
..
..
4.0
Canada
7.8
4.1
62 573.4
73 496.5
478 300.0
140 825.9
54.2
Czech Republic
3.7
2.6
2 668.5
3 881.9
13 017.1
2 925.6
4.7
Denmark
9.1
6.3
18 640.7
9 821.7
..
107 873.9
47.4
161 648.7
43 639.4
0.5
0.6
Finland
3.3
3.6
3 807.3
4 482.2
61 542.8
..
59.0
160 678.4
61 951.7
10.7
9.1
Finland
France
11.4
9.3
187 155.1
125 817.0
1 975 927.9
646 258.1
1.1
..
..
..
France
Germany
6.7
6.5
117 244.5
163 163.0
1 320 297.6
705 703.6
4.7
Greece
2.2
1.5
3 461.1
3 684.6
..
3 351.4
0.0
Hungary
3.6
2.3
2 782.9
2 286.8
..
..
9.7
Iceland
2.9
2.6
46.8
537.5
..
..
115.8
Ireland
23.9
9.0
52 860.3
10 374.0
206 032.9
..
46.6
-1
Italy
6.7
4.0
91 109.1
56 132.3
638 900.7
156 925.8
3.3
Japan
7.5
7.9
270 355.9
81 051.8
2 838 015.0
1 823 927.2
20.0
Korea
11.8
11.7
79 381.9
40 387.4
349 511.8
116 457.2
3.0
Luxembourg
30.9
26.1
13 706.1
1 626.6
..
..
1.0
1.7
1.3
7 711.3
9 990.6
32 472.0
..
10.4
Mexico
18 151.7
813 990.9
-1
-1
8 240.7
27 397.3
-1
-1
171 989.8
-1
12 771.0
0.2
351 615.3
1.5
1 404.1
1.0
1.8
-1
0.3
Canada
Denmark
65 125.3
0.3
..
0.0
14 885.7
2 071.4
1.4
0.2
18 882.4
6 636.0
7.9
3.8
Iceland
45 791.2
..
..
Ireland
33.7
-1
118 633.2
-1
-1
68 685.6
-1
25 100.6
0.4
-1
874 425.7
-1
759 719.8
..
..
0.3
-1
..
0.1
26 600.0
1.2
27 790.5
-1
0.2
512.2
112 675.6
0.1
-1
-1
0.0
0.2
Germany
-1
Hungary
-1
..
0.1
0.2
Italy
Japan
0.4
-1
Greece
Korea
-1
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
8.3
8.8
36 590.4
28 687.7
303 956.2
224 644.4
138.1
New Zealand
..
..
..
3 314.1
..
..
10.6
-1
1 058 153.4
-1
13 600.9
-1
-1
411 321.8
4.3
7 686.9
1.5
-1
3.6
-1
Norway
5.1
4.6
12 076.8
7 718.9
138 215.2
51 063.0
7.0
9 389.0
0.6
Poland
3.7
2.4
9 222.1
6 589.9
29 382.3
3 230.1
11.0
57 927.0
4 624.0
1.7
..
Portugal
8.2
4.4
12 610.5
6 113.3
67 027.1
14 938.8
12.2
29 653.0
13 273.3
1.5
0.7
Slovak Republic
3.1
2.3
1 154.0
1 170.4
..
..
4.7
4 509.6
0.0
..
..
Spain
5.2
4.8
31 967.1
46 450.7
252 282.2
..
7.5
-1
108 404.4
-1
35 059.8
0.7
Sweden
6.4
5.3
15 451.3
15 603.7
319 091.6
162 734.7
8.7
-1
39 452.3
-1
18 254.3
..
Switzerland
9.8
11.6
23 927.5
21 577.2
293 976.5
..
119.2
-1
504 601.5
-1
261 356.6
8.7
..
0.6
-1
2 186 471.5
-1
1 040 471.9
2.8
7 207 875.3
..
1.3
1.0
1 023.7
7 385.1
3 469.6
1 649.9
1.7
United Kingdom
19.2
11.8
423 783.5
133 419.2
..
1 126 340.7
78.9
United States
10.8
10.1
568 983.1
813 993.7
5 487 883.9
2 709 790.0
57.6
Turkey
27 385.4
12 681.9
8 180 855.9
-1
1.4
-1
0.2
0.3
-1
5.4
-1
2.8
Portugal
Slovak Republic
-1
Spain
-1
Switzerland
-1
United Kingdom
Sweden
0.0
..
Norway
Poland
..
-1
Netherlands
New Zealand
Turkey
United States
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/703600658558
*
..
-n

Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year. E.g. if the column refers to 2008, a data
Sources:
OECD, Global Pension Statistics;
OECD, Insurance Statistics.
71
72
Prices and finance > Financial balance sheets and institutional investment
Financial balance sheets
Financial assets of institutional investors
Households and NPISH
General government
% of disposable income
% of GDP
Total assets
Total liabilities
2007
Total assets
2007
Australia*
366.97
Austria
280.22
Belgium
Canada
-1
-1
Insurance companies*
Total liabilities
2007
183.38
% of GDP
2007
25.38
-1
2007
28.64
-1
Pension funds*
1997
2007
Investment companies*
1997
2007
1997
33.52
36.25
97.49
48.28
23.91
13.10
Australia*
4.75
1.72
51.75
22.75
Austria
89.15
31.21
61.93
33.63
25.95
464.57
88.01
14.76
87.65
64.93
24.30
3.96
3.92
34.57
14.91
Belgium
461.34
142.18
50.32
95.26
34.61
32.71
63.88
51.62
47.86
34.32
Canada
Czech Republic
161.99
80.79
48.08
34.14
9.99
9.35
4.65
2.73
7.71
8.21
Czech Republic
Denmark
545.02
318.38
34.26
31.19
71.90
52.38
49.82
39.66
60.47
7.93
Denmark
Finland
245.85
109.33
112.62
41.41
26.02
17.20
2.09
3.69
38.93
2.86
Finland
France
292.44
96.80
35.63
70.03
92.11
54.50
..
..
79.09
40.48
France
Germany*
301.32
61.22
43.07
11.35
7.24
44.71
24.30
Germany*
Greece*
225.12
5.22
3.24
0.59
0.10
9.47
20.19
Greece*
Hungary
177.89
58.94
19.27
71.82
8.77
4.06
10.83
0.65
13.09
2.83
Iceland*
..
..
..
..
12.00
9.53
131.74
82.96
54.39
13.03
Ireland
356.89
228.92
27.77
28.10
..
..
..
..
..
..
Italy
365.14
Japan
530.20
Korea
Luxembourg*
102.13
-1
73.32
20.97
-1
63.16
-1
136.55
29.78
65.56
-1
25.44
-1
109.02
106.50
-1
112.54
-1
190.97
33.94
-1
53.09
325.90
152.37
69.16
29.54
43.39
..
..
..
..
148.58
22.14
-1
+4
+2
41.05
33.60
-2
+5
77.72
2.13
22.78
+5
1.06
-1
+5
+3
+4
+2
14.65
3.98
3.30
..
..
16.22
72.95
+5
Italy
45.84
44.24
30.67
..
..
..
..
3.43
28.87
..
..
7.83
0.18
7.67
3.66
600.39
249.94
24.13
51.91
57.05
56.53
122.40
93.42
14.86
16.07
Norway*
260.53
215.20
201.85
57.91
34.23
30.70
7.52
6.96
20.18
8.79
Iceland*
Ireland
12.57
-1
Netherlands
Mexico*
Hungary
+4
Japan
+5
Korea
Luxembourg*
+2
Mexico*
Netherlands
Norway*
+2
Poland
121.36
39.90
34.75
51.66
9.96
2.07
12.06
0.34
11.95
0.37
Portugal
347.77
157.00
26.81
70.32
32.88
15.31
12.66
9.92
17.60
23.24
+1
85.91
60.87
32.96
32.36
8.66
4.80
1.37
..
7.29
0.58
+3
Spain
308.20
148.67
23.27
42.19
25.08
17.28
8.40
-1
4.37
25.82
33.17
Sweden
359.07
3.21
+4
49.70
Switzerland*
634.60
-1
95.32
+2
76.64
Slovak Republic
149.51
-1
203.24
68.02
-1
37.05
..
..
..
United Kingdom
505.97
187.80
United States
509.71
146.79
Turkey*
47.06
-1
50.62
-1
83.56
-1
89.09
66.88
-1
79.70
0.65
3.88
+2
111.30
..
..
2.57
-1
Poland
Slovak Republic
Spain
34.63
+4
32.30
+2
0.07
Portugal
Sweden
Switzerland*
..
1.02
Turkey*
24.84
53.80
100.77
87.71
75.82
77.09
38.79
24.40
United Kingdom
20.02
63.38
45.91
40.70
78.21
74.74
85.77
50.72
United States
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/703605172830
*
Sources:
Institutional Investors database (table 7IA), OECD, Paris, 2008;
..

Data in this cell are from n years earlier (later, if +n) than the reference year. E.g. if the
Financial Balance Sheets, OECD, Paris, 2008.
-n
73
74
Prices and finance > Domestic and foreign finance

Foreign finance
Domestic finance
Exchange rates
Monetary aggregate
Central government debt
All banks
% of GDP, 2008
% of balance sheet, annual averages

2007
Reserve assets
Currency
Currency units, April 2009
Per USD
Broad money
Per SDR*
April 2009*
April 2009
Million SDR
2005 = 100
% change April
2009 / April
2008
Marketable
Non-marketable
Net income
before
provisions*
Net provisions
Income before
tax*
Australia*
Australian dollar
1.31
2.09
20 276
162.6
13.3
5.1
0.0
..
..
..
Austria
Euro
..
..
4 434
..
..
54.0
5.5
0.86
0.25
0.61
Australia*
Austria
Belgium
Euro
..
..
6 622
..
..
82.0
8.1
0.50
0.21
0.29
Belgium
Canada*
Canadian dollar
1.15
1.81
28 397
138.4
12.9
27.8
0.8
1.30
0.15
1.15
Czech Republic
Czech koruna
19.54
30.21
24 467
139.9
8.5
25.7
1.3
..
..
..
Canada*
Denmark*
Danish krone
5.45
8.42
30 703
154.9
6.1
32.3
0.0
0.99
0.07
0.93
Denmark*
Finland
Euro
..
..
4 385
..
..
28.2
1.0
1.39
0.12
1.27
Finland
Czech Republic
France
Euro
..
..
19 977
..
..
52.1
2.1
0.47
0.08
0.39
France
Germany
Euro
..
..
32 291
..
..
37.7
1.1
0.71
0.31
0.40
Germany
Greece*
Euro
..
..
321 925
..
..
101.2
6.7
1.64
0.44
1.20
Greece*
Hungary*
forint
206.02
333.33
23 885
153.7
8.4
55.6
12.7
2.18
0.42
1.76
Iceland*
Icelandic krna
126.46
192.31
2 068
231.5
29.2
42.4
2.3
..
..
..
Ireland
Euro
..
..
528 942
..
..
34.5
- 7.4
0.73
0.06
0.67
Ireland
Italy
Euro
..
..
26 618
..
..
86.2
11.5
1.14
0.12
1.02
Italy
Japan
yen
96.53
144.93
661 646
107.4
0.0
146.2
..
..
..
Korea*
won
1 253.59
2 000.00
137 981
140.4
8.8
28.3
0.8
1.93
0.44
1.50
Korea*
Luxembourg
Euro
..
..
245 345
..
..
5.5
3.4
1.00
0.30
0.70
Luxembourg
Mexico
Mexican peso
13.19
20.58
56 113
158.7
14.2
20.4
4.1
..
..
..
-1
16.7
-1
Hungary*
Iceland*
Japan
Mexico
Netherlands
Euro
New Zealand*
N. Zealand dollar
..
..
7 995
..
..
48.2
1.9
0.77
0.10
0.68
Netherlands
1.66
2.64
7 805
139.6
7.0
16.4
4.7
1.64
0.08
1.56
New Zealand*
Norway*
Norwegian krone
6.44
9.91
31 155
145.4
3.6
12.1
Poland*
Zoty
3.23
5.00
39 044
169.0
15.9
42.0
1.6
1.02
- 0.06
1.07
Norway*
3.0
2.50
0.23
2.27
Poland*
Portugal*
Portugal*
Euro
..
..
1 209
..
..
58.3
13.0
1.38
0.49
0.89
Slovak Republic*
Euro
..
..
156
..
..
24.7
1.5
1.48
- 0.13
1.61
Slovak Republic*
Spain
Euro
..
..
8 683
..
..
32.4
1.1
1.51
0.40
1.11
Spain
Sweden
Swedish krona
7.74
12.11
16 151
156.7
2.2
33.4
2.6
0.90
- 0.03
0.93
Sweden
Switzerland*
Swiss franc
1.11
1.71
34 575
111.7
3.8
19.4
3.5
0.83
0.46
0.36
Switzerland*
Turkey*
Turkish new lira
1.55
2.40
43 164
206.6
18.7
35.1
4.9
4.40
1.11
3.29
Turkey*
United Kingdom*
Pound sterling
0.65
1.02
27 291
163.7
13.3
53.9
6.8
0.96
0.25
0.72
United Kingdom*
United States
US dollar
United States
Euro area
Euro
OECD total
..
excl. high infl.*

Brazil
..
Real
..
..
51 930
126.9
8.5
36.2
4.1
1.70
0.55
1.15
0.73
1.13
149 308
138.8
5.8
..
..
..
..
..
Euro area
..
..
..
134.7
7.6
..
..
..
..
..
OECD total
..
..
..
133.3
7.4
..
..
..
..
..
2.18
..
126 616
190.4
15.8
..
..
..
..
..
excl. high infl.*

Brazil
China*
Yuan
6.83
..
1 083 780
194.1
25.7
..
..
..
..
..
China*
India
Rupee
50.23
..
162 409
202.4
20.0
..
..
..
..
..
India
Russian Federation*
Ruble
33.25
..
246 603
273.6
10.6
..
..
..
..
..
Russian Federation*
South Africa*
Rand
8.47
..
20 459
191.6
9.8
..
..
..
..
..
South Africa*
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/703605802625
*
..
-n

Data in this cell are from n years earlier than the reference year. E.g. if the column refers to 2008, a data point with '-1' attached
refers to 2007.
Sources:
Main Economic Indicators, Volume 2009/6 - June, OECD;
International Financial Statistics, IMF;
Central Government Debt, OECD, Paris, 2009;
Banking Statistics, database, OECD, Paris, 2008.
75
OECD member countries (see page 4)

Candidates for accession
Chile
Estonia
Israel
Russian Federation
Slovenia
Enhanced engagement countries
Brazil
China
India
Indonesia
South Africa
Note: For details on OECD enlargement and enhanced engagement,
as well as co-operation programmes with other countries,
please visit About OECD at www.oecd.org.
FOR A BETTER WORLD ECONOMY

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OECD in graphs
2009
GDP growth
GDP per capita
Public debt climbs
Financial deficits
Joblessness record?
Healthcare gap
Inflation
R&D spending alert
Investment collapse
Rarer youth
Pension funds
78
GDP growth
Average annual, constant PPPs, %, 1989-2008
0.0
Ireland
Korea
Slovak Republic
Luxembourg
Turkey
Poland
Australia
Mexico
Spain
Greece
Iceland
United States
Norway
Hungary
Netherlands
Canada
OECD total
New Zealand
Austria
Finland
United Kingdom
Portugal
Sweden
Belgium
Czech Republic
Euro area
Japan
France
Germany
Denmark
Switzerland
Italy
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
6.5
5.6
5.1
4.7
4.2
4.0
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.4
Economic growth in the OECD area grew by an average of 2.8% per year in the 20 years to 2008, which
was still slightly faster than in the previous 20 years, despite the current crisis. The fastest annual
growth over two decades was recorded by Ireland, at over 6% per year, followed by Korea at 5.6% and
the Slovak Republic with 5.1%. Average growth reached over 4% in three other countries, but three
countries posted growth of below 2%. Poland and Hungary also delivered strong growth, though the
Czech Republic, also a transition economy, grew more slowly. Canada and the US were the only G7
economies to grow faster than the OECD average over the past two decades, whereas one G7 country,
Italy, showed the most sluggish average performance, at 1.4%. GDP growth in the OECD grew by an
average of 0.8% in 2008 and is expected to sag by 4.1% in 2009.
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702037810306
GDP per capita
79
US$, using current PPPs

Luxembourg
Norway
United States
Ireland
Switzerland
Netherlands
Canada
Austria
Australia
Sweden
Iceland
Denmark
Belgium
United Kingdom
Germany
Finland
Japan
Euro area
OECD total
France
Spain
Italy
Greece
New Zealand
Korea
Czech Republic
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Hungary
Poland
Mexico
Turkey
1988
2008
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
Luxembourg, which had the highest GDP per head in the OECD in 1988 at $24,971 per head, was still
in the top slot in 2008 with some $79,800 per head, a rise of 220%. The profile of the top 10 has not
changed much in two decades, with the US, Norway, Canada and Switzerland still in the leading group.
Denmark and Sweden have slipped back, replaced by the Netherlands and Ireland. And in the past year,
Iceland, badly hurt by the crisis, has been replaced by Australia. Six countries now have GDP per head
above $40,000. The average for the OECD was $33,400 in 2008, compared with $14,493 in 1988.
Poland, Mexico and Turkey had the lowest GDP per head in 2008, at below $18,000.
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702060641868
Public debt climbs
80
As % of GDP
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
Japan
Italy
Greece
Belgium
OECD total
United States
France
Hungary
Portugal
Germany
Canada
Austria
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Poland
Switzerland
Norway
Sweden
Spain
Finland
Slovak Republic
Czech Republic
Ireland
Korea
Denmark
New Zealand
Iceland
Luxembourg
Australia
1989
2008
Public debt, or general government debt, which covers central and local governments, has risen sharply
in the OECD area since 1989, from about 59% to nearly 79% in 2008. These proportions are likely to
increase significantly in the coming few years, as statisticians factor in the high price of the stimulus
packages put in place to bolster recession-hit economies in the OECD area and to tackle the social
fallout of the downturn. But in 2008, before stimulus packages were launched, Japans debt already
stood at nearly 175% of its total GDP, while the level of public debt in Finland, France and Germany
had nearly doubled, and had nearly quadrupled in Korea, over the past 20 years. Denmark, New Zealand
and Ireland, however, showed significant drops in the level of public debt over the same period.
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702088626343
Financial deficits
as a % of nominal GDP, 2009
81
Norway
Korea
Finland
Switzerland
Luxembourg
Denmark
New Zealand
Sweden
Germany
Hungary
Austria
Netherlands
Czech Republic
Belgium
Canada
Australia
Slovak Republic
Italy
Estonia
Euro area
Slovenia
Greece
Poland
Portugal
France
OECD total
Japan
Spain
United States
Iceland
Ireland
United Kingdom
-14
-9
-4
General government fiscal balances of OECD countries dropped to an average of -7.7% of nominal
GDP in 2009. Norway is the only country that is not running an overall deficit, though that is thanks to
its oil revenues. The current recession has hit revenues in every country, but countries that needed large
crisis response and stimulus packages, like the US, Ireland and the UK, saw their deficits soar to above
10% of nominal GDP. Countries in a strong fiscal position before the crisis managed to limit their
deficits to -2%, like Finland, Korea and Switzerland. In the euro area, Germany, which aims to maintain
a balanced budget from 2016, managed better than France and Italy, whose fiscal deficits will exceed
-5.5% in 2009.
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702113603061
Joblessness record?
Index base 100 = trough for the unemployment
rate, OECD average, quarterly data
82
190
1974Q3
1980Q1
1990Q2
2000Q4
2007Q4
Forecast
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
0
10
11
12
Unemployment in the current recession is set to rise more steeply than in any previous recession since
the 1970s. Projections show joblessness to reach nearly 10% in 2010, the OECDs highest ever rate. If
these projections prove accurate, the level of unemployment will be 80% higher than in 2007. That
means that almost 26 million more people will be out of work in the OECD area alone. Since, as history
shows, employment trends lag behind growth trends, even if economic growth becomes vigorous late in
2010 and in 2011, it will still take several more years to reabsorb this large pool of unemployed into
the labour market.
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702131842121

Contribution of immigrant labour
to employment growth, %
83
Denmark
Luxembourg
United Kingdom
Italy
United States
Austria
Spain
Norway
Greece
Portugal
Australia (96-06)
Netherlands
Ireland (96-06)
Belgium
France
Finland
2003-2007
Hungary
0%
50%
100%
1997-2007
150%
200%
250%
Immigrants play a key role in the dynamic of labour markets but are also among the hardest hit by the
current economic crisis. From 2003 to 2007, some 30 million jobs were created in the OECD area,
representing an annual employment growth rate of 1.5%. Immigrant labour contributed significantly to
this growth. In the UK, for example, employment rose by more than 2 million since 1997, of which
almost 1.5 million, or 71% of the total, was accounted for by persons born abroad. Immigrant
employment has represented at least 40% of total employment growth in Austria, Denmark, Italy and
Spain. Two main factors explain trends observed in foreign-born employment in the past decade:
improvements in labour-market integration of immigrants and greater recruitment of foreign workers.
However, the economic downturn significantly worsens prospects for migrant workers. Labour
migration is on the decline in most OECD countries, sometimes very sharply, as in Spain, Ireland and
the UK, and unemployment among immigrants is increasing more rapidly than among their native
counterparts.
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702142470156
Healthcare gap
84
Unmet care needs due to costs by income groups, 2007

Below average income
Above average income
52
United States
25
32
Australia
22
30
New Zealand
21
24
Germany
18
18
Canada
7
United
Kingdom
6
Netherlands
3
10
20
30
40
50
60
Inequalities in access to healthcare affect all OECD countries. One measure of healthcare access is
whether people report an unmet care need, whether for a visit to the doctor, a dental consultation, a
hospital admission or some other type of care. While some people cite a lack of healthcare providers,
excessive travelling distance, or long waiting times as the reasons why they forego treatment, by far the
most prevalent reason cited by adults with low socioeconomic status is cost.The share of people
reporting unmet healthcare needs was by far the highest in the US, where adults with below-average
incomes who have health insurance report significantly fewer cost-related problems than their
uninsured counterparts. The Netherlands and the UK reported the lowest unmet needs, suggesting good
access and use of healthcare services in these countries.
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702176582365
Inflation
Consumer price indices, 2005 = 100
Consumer price (non-food, non-energy)
135
Consumer price (energy)
115
95
75
55
35
Jan-1988
Jan-1993
Jan-1998
Jan-2003
Jan-2008
Energy prices had showed a sharp 70% increase between mid-2003 and mid-2008, yet the current fall
in prices is just as spectacular: in the six months before December 2008, the energy price index for
fuel, electricity and petrol collapsed by 23%to reach the same level as in September 2005. Energy
prices seem to be firming up again, which could slow a recovery. On the other hand, the rise may also
reflect less speculative behaviour. After all, prices for non-energy and non-food items have continued
to rise at a regular rate of between 1.5% and 2.5% annually since January 2003. The latest forecasts
suggest that there is no risk of deflation in the OECD area for at least the next two years.
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702225073788
85
R&D spending alert

Venture capital spending, 2005=100
86
180
Total
New projects
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
2009 Q1
2008 Q4
2008 Q3
2008 Q2
2008 Q1
2007 Q4
2007 Q3
2007 Q2
2007 Q1
2006 Q4
2006 Q3
2006 Q2
2006 Q1
2005 Q4
2005 Q3
2005 Q2
2005 Q1
Even as the worlds main economies are looking to green growth as the way out of the crisis and
towards a more sustainable economy, investment in the kinds of ideas and technologies that could
stimulate that growth has fallen sharply. Venture capital investment in the US began drying up at the
beginning of 2008 and has practically calcified since then. Total investment in the first quarter of 2009
was down 60% compared with the same quarter of 2008, while first sequence investment, or the first
investments made in a company from external sources, was down 65%. Venture capitalists are
concentrating on helping those firms survive that are already part of their investment portfolio. That
means fewer new start-ups and less spending on innovative areas like technology, as well as on soft
assets, such as research and skills that help drive growth in modern economies.
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702234732584
Investment collapse
Millions of US$, 1991-2009
87
2,000,000
OECD FDI outflows projection

OECD FDI inflows projection
OECD FDI outflows
OECD FDI inflows
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
The economic and financial crisis led to an abrupt drop in flows of foreign direct investment (FDI) in
2008. FDI inflows in OECD countries fell by 35% and outflows by 19% between 2007 and 2008. The
decrease is notyetas large as during the 2001 downturn, though the forecast for 2009 is not
encouraging: if the trend continues, inflows would fall to around $500 billion, three times less than in
2007; outflows could dip below $1 trillion for the first time since 2005. Inflows already fell by 48% in
the UK, but only by 7% in France. At the same time, outflows from France increased by 18%, whereas
Germany and the US recorded a 15% drop in their outflows.
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702270558582
Rarer youth
2005=100
88
Australia
2010
2025
Austria
Denmark
France
Ireland
Mexico
Netherlands
Poland
Turkey
United States
OECD average
20
40
60
80
100
120
OECD countries have entered a period of demographic ageing that will have a major impact on their
economies, labour markets and societies. The first effects of this shift are expected to be felt in the
working-age population, as baby-boomers begin to retire in large numbers. Another effect is the size of
youth cohorts in OECD countries, which is showing signs of declining. Only in Denmark, Mexico, the
Netherlands and Turkey is the size of the youth cohort expected to surpass 2005 levels in 2025. Across
the OECD, the size of the 20-24 youth cohort will be 14% smaller in 2025 than it was in 2005. A
declining working-age population could pose challenges for financing social protection, maintaining
living standards, funding pensions and for skill supply and productivity.
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702315300836
Pension funds
Nominal investment rate of return in selected
OECD countries, % change
89
Ireland
United States
Australia
Canada
Japan
Netherlands
Belgium
Hungary
Finland
United Kingdom
Poland
Sweden
Denmark
Iceland
Austria
OECD average
Portugal
Switzerland
Norway
Spain
Slovak Republic
Italy
Germany
Czech Republic
Jan-Dec 08
Mexico
Jan-Jun 09
Korea
Turkey
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
20
The sharp declines in stock markets around the world in late 2008 hit private pension systems hard.
While pension funds in the OECD area lost more than 10% on average during 2008, that percentage
includes a 20% drop in returns late in the year, when the crisis was at a peak. Retirees and prospective
retirees in Ireland watched as the value of their pensions plunged by 35% during 2008. Americans and
Australians saw more than 20% of their retirement funds evaporate. Green shoots began surfacing for
pension investments in the first half of 2009, with slight positive returns in the US and Australia, while
in Korea and Turkey there were stronger gains. Despite the bursting of two major bubbles within the
same decade, pension-fund performance has been positive in the recent past. For example, the average
nominal rate of return of pension funds over the past 15years was 11.8% in Sweden (8.5% in real
terms), 10.6% in the United-States (6.1% in real terms) and 9.2% in the United Kingdom (6.1% in real
terms).
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702355773253

DAC's members net ODA, 1990-2010
90
% of GNI
ODA (2004 US$ billions)
0.40
140
ODA as a % of GNI (left scale)

Total ODA (right scale)
ODA to Africa (right scale)
0.35
120
0.30
100
0.25
80
0.20
60
0.15
40
0.10
20
0.05
0.00
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
With tightening government budgets, ensuring that development aid is not hit by the crisis will be a
challenge. Since 2005, donors had agreed to increase their official development assistance (ODA) by
$50 billion in 2010 compared with 2004 (at 2004 prices and exchange rates). Excluding debt relief and
humanitarian aid, annual growth of 11% is required to reach that target. ODA was exceptionally high in
2005 ($107.1 billion) and 2006 ($104.4 billion) due to large debt-relief operations for Iraq and
Nigeria. Excluding debt-relief grants, net ODA by OECD members of the Development Assistance
Committee rose by only 2% those years; this gives a truer reflection of the underlying trend in aid
flows. DAC members account for some 90% of global bilateral ODA. So far, about $21 billion of the
$50 billion promised by 2010 has already been delivered or planned. This leaves nearly an additional
$30 billion in 2004 dollarsabout $34 billion in 2007 dollarsto be programmed into donors aid
budgets if they are to meet their aid commitments.
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702364240587

% deviation of emissions relative to business-as-usual if
subsidies are removed
91
2050
Non-EU Eastern
European countries
2020
Russia
Oil-exporting
countries
India
China
Rest of the world
Brazil
Australia and
New Zealand
Canada
United States
Japan
EU27, Iceland, Liechtenstein,
Norway and Switzerland
Annex I
Non-Annex I
World
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
20
30
Carbon taxes and cap-and-trade schemes put a price on greenhouse gas emissions and help control
the behaviour that generates them. Removing environmentally-harmful subsidies to energy
consumption and production is also important in setting the right price for carbon because these
subsidies are a de facto reward for carbon emissions. Energy subsidies are high in Russia, other
non-EU Eastern European countries, and a number of large developing countries, particularly India.
Removing these subsidies could reduce harmful emissions sharply in these countries and in the oilexporting countries of the Middle East, Algeria, Egypt, Indonesia, Libya and Venezuela. The effects
would be less marked in those countries that have agreed to reduce their emissions under the Kyoto
Protocol, known as Annex I countries, because most of them do not subsidise energy demand.
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702373628026
92
General notes
Cut-off date
Cut-off date for the data: June 2009.
StatLink
The OECDs award-winning StatLink delivers Excel spreadsheets of the data
underlying the tables in this book. Beside each StatLink logo you will find a link
or code to the corresponding spreadsheet. The OECDs StatLink uses Digital
Object Identifiers (DOIs). To download a spreadsheet, either simply go to the
OECD in Figures online and click the appropriate link, or type it into your
Internet browser. For instance, for background data on GDP, use StatLink:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702548810026.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/702548810026 For more information, visit
www.oecd.org/statistics/statlink.
www.oecd.org/statistics/statlink
The online version of OECD in Figures contains additional information, including
footnotes for some items.
Totals and averages

OECD total refers to the OECD countries as a whole.
OECD average is the unweighted, arithmetic average of OECD countries
shown in the table.
EU refers to EU27, unless otherwise specified.
EU15 refers to the 15 EU member countries prior to May 2004.
Notes and abbreviations
.. Not available or not applicable.
- Nil or negligible.
+ Growth of more than 500%
Data from earlier years
Data are for the year specified or for the latest available year. In the latter case,
the data are followed by a number, corresponding to the number of years of
difference from the indicated year. For instance, -1 means that the data are one
year older than the other figures in the column.
For further information

Please consult the source publication specified at the bottom of each table.
Sources of graphs are available on the online edition.
All OECD publications are available at www.sourceOECD.org,
www.sourceOECD.org the OECD
online library. All OECD books can be purchased on
www.oecdbookshop.org.
www.oecdbookshop.org
Glossary of terms used in OECD in Figures 93
DAC OECD Development Assistance Committee.

GDP Gross domestic product. The standard measure of the incomes generated from
productive activity in a country.
GNI Gross national income. GNI = GDP + net receipts of wages, salaries and property
income from abroad.
ICT Information and communication technologies.
ISCED International standard classification of education. A system designed by
UNESCO to ensure comparability of education statistics. ISCED classifies various
education programmes by their level of education (primary, secondary, tertiary...) and
field of education (general programmes, humanities and arts, science...).
LDC Least developed countries, group of 50 countries established by the United
Nations. To be classified as an LDC, countries must fall below thresholds established
for income, economic diversification and social development.
13
Mtoe Million of tonnes of oil equivalent. This is defined as 10 kilocalories. This

quantity of energy is, within a few per cent, equivalent to the net heat content of 1
million tonnes of crude oil.
NGO Non-governmental organisation.
ODA Official development assistance. Government aid to developing countries
designed to promote economic development and welfare. ODA can be bilateral (from
one country to another) or multilateral (via agencies such as the UN or the World
Bank).
PCT Patent Cooperation Treaty. An international patent law treaty which provides a
single procedure for filing patent applications in each of its contracting states (139
countries).
PPP Purchasing power parities (PPPs) are the currency conversion which eliminates
the differences in price levels between countries. They are used to compare the
volume of GDP in different countries. PPPs are obtained by evaluating the costs of a
basket of goods and services between countries for all components of GDP; PPPs are
given in national currency units per US dollar (in euro per US dollar for euro area
countries).
SNA The Systems of National Accounts includes definitions that ensure international
comparability of national accounts aggregates such as GDP.
TWh Terawatt hours.
FREE OECD OBSERVER CLAIM FORM

OBSP2008
To claim a years free subscription to OECD Observer complete the

following details:
Personal Details (use CAPITAL letters)
First Name
Family Name
E-mail
Address
Post/Zip Code
City
Country
Telephone
Fax
Customer Prole
Tick the category corresponding to your current status
Academia
Media
Corporate
NGO
Government
Student
IGO
Other
Language edition
Tick the version you wish to receive English French
If you do not wish to be kept informed about the latest OECD
publications and events, please tick this box
Return the completed form to:
Customers in North America
Turpin Distribution
The Bleachery, 143 West Street
New Milford, CT 06776
United States
Toll free: +1 (800) 456 6323
Fax: +1 (860) 350 0039
E-mail: oecdna@turpin-distribution.com
All other Customers
Turpin Distribution Services Limited
Stratton Business Park, Pegasus Drive
Biggleswade, Bedfordshire SG18 8QB
United Kingdom
Tel.: +44 (0) 1767 604960
Fax: +44 (0) 1767 601640
E-mail: oecdrow@turpin-distribution.com
This book has...
StatLinks2
A service that delivers Excel les
from the printed page!
Look for the StatLinks at the bottom right-hand corner of

the tables or graphs in this book. To download the matching
Excel spreadsheet, just type the link into your Internet
browser, starting with the http://dx.doi.org prex. If youre
reading the PDF e-book edition and your PC is connected
to the Internet, simply click on the link.
Youll nd StatLinks appearing in more OECD books.
Use OECD
StatLinks
to download
the Excel
spreadsheets!
StatLinks2: another innovation from OECD Publishing.
Learn more at www.oecd.org/statistics/statlink
Wed like to hear what you think about our publications and services
like StatLinks: e-mail us at oecdpublishing@oecd.org
Ordering OECD Publications

Send your order to the appropriate address
below, via your usual vendor, or order securely
online from the OECD Online Bookshop
www.oecd.org/bookshop
CUSTOMERS IN NORTH AMERICA
Turpin Distribution
The Bleachery, 143 West Street
New Milford, CT 06776
United States
Toll free: +1 (800) 456 6323
Fax: +1 (860) 350 0039
E-mail: oecdna@turpin-distribution.com
ALL OTHER CUSTOMERS

Turpin Distribution Services Limited
Stratton Business Park, Pegasus Drive
Biggleswade, Bedfordshire SG18 8QB
United Kingdom
Tel.: +44 (0) 1767 604960
Fax: +44 (0) 1767 601640
E-mail: oecdrow@turpin-distribution.com
OECD PUBLISHING, 2, rue Andr-Pascal

75775 PARIS CEDEX 16
PRINTED IN FRANCE
(01 2009 06 1 P) ISBN 978-92-64-05199-7 No. 56959 2009
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
OECD Berlin Centre

Schumannstrasse 10
D-10117 Berlin
Tel.: 49 30 288 8353
Fax: 49 30 288 83545
E-mail: berlin.contact@oecd.org
Internet: www.oecd.org/deutschland
OECD Washington Center
2001 L Street, NW, Suite 650
Washington DC 20036-4922
Tel.: 1 202 785 6323
Fax: 1 202 785 0350
E-mail: washington.contact@oecd.org
Internet: www.oecdwash.org
012009061cov.indd 1

Economy
Labour
Environment
Education
Public finance
OECD Observer
2009/Supplement 1
www.oecd.org/publishing
ISBN 978-92-64-05199-7
01 2009 06 1 P
2009
Energy
OECD Tokyo Centre

3rd Floor, Nippon Press Center Building
2-2-1 Uchisaiwaicho
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0011
Tel.: 81 3 5532 0021
Fax: 81 3 5532 0035
E-mail: center@oecdtokyo.org
Internet: www.oecdtokyo.org
OECD Mexico Centre
Av. Presidente Mazaryk 526
Colonia: Polanco,
C.P. 11560
Mexico, D.F.
Tel.: 5255 9138 6233
Fax: 5255 5280 0480
E-mail: mexico.contact@oecd.org
Internet: www.oecd.org/centrodemexico
OECD
in Figures
Prices and finance
OECD Observer
Switzerland
OECD Paris Centre

2, rue Andr-Pascal
75775 Paris Cedex 16
Tel.: 33 (0) 1 45 24 81 67
Fax: 33 (0) 1 45 24 99 30
E-mail: sales@oecd.org
Online ordering: www.oecd.org/bookshop
Germany
OECD Worldwide
2009/Supplement 1
Australia
-:HSTCQE=UZV^^\:
02-Sep-2009 2:10:38 PM

OECD in Figure 2009

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

OECD in Figure 2009

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Austria

OECD Berlin Centre

Demography and health

OECD Tokyo Centre

Prices and finance

OECD Paris Centre

OECD in Figures 2009

OECD in Figures 2009

Prices and finance

Prices and interest rates

The online edition is available at www.oecd.org/infigures

Tel: +33 (0) 1 45 24 82 00

Price: US$ 30 20 15 3,200

Organisation for Economic

The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work

OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisations statistics

This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD.

Also available in French under the title:

Demography and health

Demography and health > Demography

Not available or not applicable.

Demography and health > Health spending and resources

Acute care beds*

MRI scanner units

Per capita USD PPP

per 1 000 population

per 1 000 population

per million population

Not available or not applicable.

Demography and health > Health status

% of adults smoking daily

% of adults with BMI>30

Not available or not applicable.

Economy > Gross domestic product, 2008

at current market prices

at current market prices

Using current PPPs*

Using current PPPs*

Not available or not applicable.

Economy > Economic growth and performance

GDP growth by component

Average annual % volume change

Gross fixed capital formation

Not available or not applicable.

Economy > Sectoral contributions to gross value added1

Value added estimated at factor cost.

Economy > Services: value added*

Real estate, renting and business

Finance and insurance

Education, health, social work

Public administration and defence

Not available or not applicable.

Economy > Business statistics, 2006*

Wholesale and retail trade

Business services and real estate

Not available or not applicable.

Economy > Transport, 2007

Not available or not applicable.

Energy > Supply, 2007

Coal and peat

Growth of more than 500%

Energy > Production, 20071

Coal and peat