VNHS Debate Team Lesson Overview

Lesson 1: What is an argument? (Synonymous Terms: Contention, Justification)

An argument is formed when a compelling reason (supported by evidence) is provided for why a resolution, or topic, should be affirmed or negated.
The Structure of an Argument: 1) Every argument begins with a claim (also referred to as a tag or tagline). A claim is simply an assertion stating what you are arguing for and what you aim to prove by making your argument. It is recommended that claims include phrases from the resolution or your criterion (criterions will be addressed later) to reassure judges that the argument will be topical (related to the topic). 2) Following any claim is a warrant. Warrants are reasons why your argument is true. While they can include your own logical analysis, it is best to provide external evidence such as quotes, facts, and statistics as well. However, make sure that evidence comes from legitimate, unbiased sources. Warrants can include analytical, evidentiary, and empirical evidence. Analytical Evidence: Argument backed only by logic. Evidentiary Evidence: Argument supported by reputable sources (e.g. the government, WSJ, etc.) Empirical Evidence: Argument proven by observation (i.e. historical events). NOTE: RANDOM .com WEBSITES ARE NOT ALWAYS LEGITIMATE SOURCES. 3) Once you prove that your argument is true, it is necessary to provide reasons why your argument is important, especially in the context of the resolution. These reasons are called impacts. Impacts allow judges to decide the extent to which an argument matters. The weight of an impact can be measured by its magnitude, longevity, timeframe, and potential. Magnitude: How many people will be affected and to what degree? Longevity: How long will the problem last? Timeframe: When will the problem appear? Potential: How likely is it that the problem will occur? Is it guaranteed or only a possibility?

Lessons 2, 3, & 4: Performing two minute speeches.

Debaters must be able to not only construct strong arguments but also present them convincingly. By performing two minute speeches on random topics with limited preparation time (about 10 minutes), debaters can develop their presentation skills. Sample Topic: Tougher sentencing reduces crime.
Two minute speeches can be divided as such Introduction: 30 seconds Argument 1: 20 seconds Argument 2: 20 seconds Argument 3: 20 seconds Conclusion: 30 seconds The Introduction 1. Opening Quote or Hypothetical Scenario (If one comes to mind) 2. Statement of position (Affirmative or Negative, Pro or Con) 3. Topicality (Definitions) and Brief Overview of Arguments The Conclusion 1. Summarize Main Points 2. Ask for judges vote/ballot (with an emotional appeal if possible)