Shailendra Jain, Prof.

(Electrical) Faculty Development Program APERTDC, 4-8 June 2012, MANIT Bhopal AC (or DC) Current Sensing AC source currents are sensed using PCB mounted Hall effect current sensors (TELCON HTP 25). These current sensors provide the galvanic isolation between high voltage power circuit and low voltage control circuit and require a nominal supply voltage of the range 12V to 15V. It has a transformation ratio of 1000:1; hence its output is scaled properly to obtain the desired value to meet the control requirements. The circuit diagram of the current sensing scheme is shown in Fig. 1(a). To show the effectiveness of the signal conditioning, actual and the sensed current signals are reproduced in Fig.1 (b) and (c). Upper trace gives the actual signal while the lower trace shows the sensed signal.
+15 V ia input M + 0.1K TLO81 -15 V Current sensor Buffer Scalar Buffer 10K 10K
+ -

12K + TLO81 TLO81 ia output

Fig. 1(a) AC Current Sensing Circuit

Fig. 1(b) Actual and sensed current signals (Upper trace is actual, lower trace is sensed)

Shailendra Jain, Prof. (Electrical) Faculty Development Program APERTDC, 4-8 June 2012, MANIT Bhopal AC Voltage Sensing AC source voltages vsa, vsb, and vsc (line to neutral) are required to generate the unit current sine vectors (usa, usb, and usc) in phase with the respective source voltages. The circuit diagram for sensing AC voltage is shown in Fig. 2(a). These source voltages are sensed using step-down transformers, which generally introduce third harmonic component. Therefore a suitably designed band pass filter is used to filter any distortion, and scaled properly to match the signal range of the ADC. Step down transformer matches the voltage level as well as provides the galvanic isolation. The actual and the sensed voltage signals are shown in Fig.2(b). Upper trace gives the actual signal while the lower trace shows the sensed signal.
0.1 uF

10K 47K Input 1K

+ -

24K 0.1uF

180

+ output voltage

230/12V 1K

10K 39K

+ 10K

Scalar

Band Pass Filter

Buffer

Fig. 2(a) AC Voltage sensing circuit

Fig. 2(b) Actual and sensed voltage signals (upper trace is actual, lower trace is sensed)

Shailendra Jain, Prof. (Electrical) Faculty Development Program APERTDC, 4-8 June 2012, MANIT Bhopal DC Voltage Sensing The DC voltage is measured by Hall effect voltage sensor (LEM LV25-P), which can be used for a measuring range of 10 - 500 Volts AC/DC voltage and having a response time of 40 s. It also requires a nominal supply voltage range 12V to 15V. Output of the voltage sensor is scaled properly to meet the requirement of the control. The circuit diagrams of the DC voltage sensing are shown in Fig. 3. A capacitor of 1 F can be connected at each op-amp biasing supply voltage to filter the noise generated due to high frequency switching.

Fig. 3 (a) DC voltage sensing circuit

Fig. 3(b) Time response of the DC voltage sensing circuit for step change