CONTENT

Preface Chapter 1 Introduction A. Background B. Problem Statements C. Objectives 1 3 3 3 3

Chapter II Discussion 1. Definition and Classification of Morphological Process 2. Identification or analysis of Morphological Process Exists in article
2.1 Affixation a. Prefix b. Suffix 2.2 Compounding 2.3 Reduplication 2.4 Suppletion (Internal Modification)

4 4 4
5 5 5 6 6 7

Chapter III Conclusion and Suggestion A. Conclusion B. Suggestion Appendix Bibliography

8 8 8 9 10

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background The history of morphological analysis dates back to the ancient Indian linguist Pini, who formulated the 3,959 rules of Sanskrit morphology in the text Adhyy by using a Constituency Grammar. The Greco-Roman grammatical tradition also engaged in morphological analysis. Studies in Arabic morphology, conducted by Mar al-arw and Amad b. al Masd, date back to at least 1200 CE. Moreover, the term morphology was coined by August Schleicher in 1859 (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia). Morphology, according to Branches Linguistic Theory is a study of forms of words. In expanded sense, morphology is the study of identification, analysis and description about how words structured and how they are put together from smaller parts.

B. The Problem Statement Identification of morphological process exists in the article U.S. Democrats set for more electoral torment. C. Objective To understand the morphological process that exists in the article by analyzing the content.

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION

1. Definition and Classification of Morphological Process Definition According to Oxford dictionary, morphological process is any of the formal processes or operations by which the forms of words are derived from stems or roots . E.g. reran is derived

from the root run by two morphological processes: affixation and suppletion which will be explained in expand. Classification The classification of morphological process is shown in the diagram below: Morphological Process

Affixation

Compounding

Reduplication

Suppletion

Prefix

Suffix

2. Identification or Analysis of Morphological Process Exists in article The definition and classification of morphological process have been outlined above, therefore this section will explore the content of article U.S. Democrats Set for More Electoral Torment in order to identify the morphological process exists that include affixation, compounding, reduplication, and suppletion. 2.1 Affixation Affixation is a process by adding affixes to the basic form. There are bassically three kinds of affixes; prefixes (added to the beginning of free morpheme or other prefixes), suffixes (added to the end of free morpheme or other suffixes), and infixes (inserted into a morpheme). English has many prefixes such as re, un, dis, in, etc, and suffixes such as ment, -ness, -ed, -s, etc, but theres no infixes in English. Affixation process relates to derivation (process of adding affix that derives or creates new word by either canging the meaning or the part of speech) and inflection (process of adding affix that serves a purely grammatical function, never creating a different word, but only different form of the same word). a. Prefix

Affix that is added to the beginning of free morpheme. There are some examples that can be taken from the article as follows: 1. Unlikely (paraghrap 10, line 4) that can be broken down as: Likely (adjective /possitive meaning) + un- Unlikely (adj/ negative meaning). In here, derivation is appeared. 2. Unelectable (paraghrap 11, line 4) can be analysed as: Electable (adj/ possitive) + un- Unelectable (adj/ negative); derivation is also appeared. b. Suffix Affix that is added to the end of free morpheme. Suffix can create both derivational and inflectional morphemes. It can be seen in examples based on article below:
No.

Word

Process

Derivation

Inflection

Information

1 2 3 4 5 6. 7 8 9 10

Electoral (Adj) Weeks (N/ plural) Industrial (Adj) Intensively (adverb) Former (N) Frustration (N) Organizational (adj) Realities (N/ plural) Establishment (N) Effectively (Adverb)

Elector (N) + -al Week (N) + -s Industri (N) + al Intensive (Adj) + -ly Form (V) + -er Frustrate (V) + -ion Organization (N) + -al Reality (N) + -es Establish (V) + -ment Effective (Adj) + -ly

P* 1/ L* 4 P 1/ L 4 P 3/ L 6 P 5/ L 7 P 6/ L 8 P 7/ L 7 P 8/ L 2

P 8/ L 3 P 9/ L 6 P 14/ L 4

Note: P*= the paragraph where the word exists in article. L*= the line where the word exists in article.

Compounding Compounding is the process of the word formed by combining two free morphemes or two independent words that create one unit of meaning. For examples Green(hijau) + house (rumah) = Green House (rumah kaca) Black (hitam) + board (papan) = Blackboard (papan tulis)

There is an example of compound exists in the article: 1. White (putih) + house (rumah)= White House (istana negara Amerika) /paragraph 1, line 8. 2. Blue (biru) + collar (kerah baju)= blue- collar (buruh)/ paragraph 6, line 7. From the examples it can be seen that compound is derived from two free morpehemes which have different meaning from one to another. However, when they are joint, put together, only one meaning that represent them. 2.3 Reduplication Reduplication is the process of either all of a morpheme is doubled. In the term of meaning. English reduplication is only created by adding suffix s or es to a noun. Examples of reduplication exist in the article:
No. Word Reduplication process (term of meaning) Information

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Americans Coffers Delegates Guns Primaries Supporters Terms Voters

American (1 N) + -s Coffer (1 N) + -s Delegate (1 N) + -s Gun (1 N) + -s Primary (1 N) + -es Supporter (1 N) + -s Term (1 N) + -s Voter (1 N) + -s

Meanwhile, in the term of structural view/ form, English reduplication is created by reduplicating the word in intend to affirm the meaning, for examples: 1. Thats a big, big dog. (in this sentence, the speaker affirms that the dog that he sees is really big. He may havent seen a dogs as big as the one he just sees) 2. You are very, very beautiful.

2.4 Suppletion (Internal Modification)

Suppletion is a process by which the forms of words are derived from stems or roots which effects internal change appears in the word. English plurals create internal modifications where can be seen in one example taken from the article: Woman (1 N) Women (plural N)/ paragraph 6, line 7.

CHAPTER III CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion 1. Morphological process is any of the formal processes or operations by which the forms of words are derived from stems or roots. 2. Morphological process can be dirived into some parts namely affixation includes prefix and suffix, compounding, reduplication, and suppletion. 3. Affixation is process of word formed by adding whether prefix or suffix to a free morpheme. Prefix is kind of affix attached to beginning of a free morpheme to create a new form for examples, unelectable and unlikely, while suffix is kind of affix attached to the end of free morpheme that creates new form for examples, intensively, frustration, electoral, former, reasonable, etc. 4. Compounding is the process of the word formed by combining two free morphemes or two independent words that create one unit of meaning, for example White House. 5. Reduplication is the process of either all of a morpheme is doubled in both term of meaning (weeks/ plural) and structural view (big, big/ affirmative). 6. Suppletion is a process by which the forms of words are derived from stems or roots which effects internal change for example, women.

B. Suggestion

Morphology is an important item in linguistic as well as in learning Elnglish. Morphology is not mere the case of word stuctures, but it is definitely important item in linguistic that must be comprehended well. It is such framework of linguistic that sequences another items on it such as sociolinguistic, syntax, etc. Thus, I am, the writer suggests both students and lecturers not to look down in this one, all of us comprised in education scope should definitely never stop to increase our curiosity, find out sources about morphology and figure out all morphological stuffs that we dont know. Bibliography

Bar- Hillel, Y. 1932. Language and Information. Jerussalem: Jerussalem Academic Press. Bloomfield, Leonard. 1933. Language. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Chomsky, Noam. 1966. Topics in the Theory of Generative Grammar. The Hague: Mouton. Lyons, John.1968. Introducation to Theoritical Linguistics. New York: Cambridge University Press. Wikipedia. Morphology.