Solutions Upper-intermediate Unit 5 - Grammar

REPORTED SPEECH = QUOTED SPEECH = INDIRECT SPEECH

1. Tom said: 'I bought a new motorbike for myself yesterday.' -> Tom said (that) he had bought a new motorbike for himself the day before. 2. Tom said: 'My parents are very well'. -> Tom said (that) his parents were very well 3. Tom said: 'I'm feeling ill'. -> Tom said (that) he was feeling ill. * Step 1 Change in subject pronouns and possessive adjectives Direct speech
I We Me / You Us Mine Ours My Our Myself He /She They Him /Her Them His / Hers Theirs His / Her Their Himself / herself

Reported speech

* Step 2: Change in Verb Tenses Direct speech Simple present Present progressive Present perfect (Progressive) Past progressive Simple past Past perfect Will/Shall (Simple future) Be going to Will be V-ing Reported speech Simple past Past progressive Past perfect (Progressive) Past perfect continuous Simple past or Past perfect Past perfect Would/ Should (Future in the past) Was/ Were going to Would be V-ing

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Solutions Upper-intermediate Unit 5 - Grammar

Future perfect Can/May/ Must/Have to Neednt Must/ Should/ Shouldn't Present conditional He does -> He did He is doing -> He was doing He has done -> He had done He has been doing -> He had been doing He will do -> He would do He will be doing -> He would be doing * Step 3:

Perfect conditional Could/ Might/ Had to Did not have to Must/ Should/ Shouldn't Perfect conditional He will have done -> He would have done He may do -> He might do He may be doing -> He might be doing He can do -> He could do He can have done -> He could have done He must do/have to do -> He had to do

Others Now Today Tonight Yesterday The day before yesterday Tomorrow The day after tomorrow Next + Time Last + Time Time + ago This, these That Here, Overhere Questions in reported speech 1. Yes/No questions: if/whether + S+ V Ex: Tom asked: 'Do you remember me?' -> Tom asked if I remembered him. or Tom asked whether I remembered him. Then That day That night The day before/ the previous day Two days before The next/ the following day/ the day after In two days' time/ two days after The following + Time The previous + Time/ The + Time + before Time + before/ Time + earlier That, those That There, Overthere

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Solutions Upper-intermediate Unit 5 - Grammar

2. Wh-questions: Wh-words + S + V Ex: Tom asked me: 'What is your name?' -> Tom asked me what my name was. 3. Exclamation - Use reporting verbs such as, TELL, ASK, SAY, ORDER, BEG, ADVISE, REMIND, WARN, ...according to the meaning of each sentence. a. Positive form: TELL/ ASK/ ... + PRONOUN/ NOUN + NOT + TO-INFINITIVE Ex: 'Stay in bed for a few days', the doctor said to me. -> The doctor said to me to stay in bed for a few days. Jane said: 'Close the door and go away!' -> Jane told me to close the door and go away. b. Negative form: TELL/ ASK/ ... + PRONOUN/ NOUN + NOT + TO-INFINITIVE Ex: 'Please don't tell anyone what happened', Jane said to me. -> Jane asked me not to tell anyone what (had) happened.

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