SOLUTION OF ASSIGNMENT 01(MTH401) (Differential Equation)

Maximum Marks: 30 Due Date: November 08, 2010

INSTRUCTIONS
Please read the following instructions before attempting to solve this assignment 1. In order to attempt this assignment you should have full command on Lecture # 01 to Lecture # 07 2. Try to get the concepts, consolidate your concepts and ideas from these questions which you learn in Lecture # 01 to Lecture # 07. 3. You should concern recommended books for clarify your concepts as handouts are not sufficient. 4. Try to make solution by yourself and protect your work from other students. If we found the solution files of some students are same then we will reward zero marks to all those students. 5. You are supposed to submit your assignment in Word format any other formats like scan images, PDF format etc will not be accepted and we will give zero marks to these assignments. 6. Assignments through e-mail are not acceptable after due date (If there is any problem in submitting your assignment through LMS, you can send your solution file through email with in due date). You are advised to

upload your assignment at least two days before Due date.

Question 1: Solve the given differential equation by Separation of variables.

Marks=10

sec2 xdy + csc ydx = 0

Solution: The given differential equation is

sec2 xdy + csc ydx = 0

sec 2 xdy = csc ydx dy dx = 2 csc y sec x sin ydy = cos2 xdx 1 + cos 2 x sin ydy = ( ) cos2 xdx 2 1 1 sin ydy = ( + cos 2 x) dx 2 2
1 1 sin ydy = ( + cos 2 x )dx 2 2 Integrating both sides, we have

1 1 sin ydy = ( + cos 2 x) dx 2 2 1 1 sin ydy = ( + cos 2 x) dx 2 2 1 1 1 ( cos y) = x + ( )sin 2 x + c1 2 2 2 1 1 cos y = x + sin 2 x + c1 2 4 4 cos y = 2 x + sin 2 x + 4c1 4 cos y = 2 x + sin 2 x + c where c = 4c1
Which is the required general solution of the given differential equation

Question 2: Solve the following Differential Equation

Marks=10

( y 2 + 3xy )dx = (4 x 2 + xy ) dy ,
Solution: The given differential equation is ( y 2 + 3 xy )dx = (4 x2 + xy )dy dy y 2 + 3 xy = -------(1) dx 4 x 2 + xy Let y 2 + 3 xy f ( x, y ) = 2 4 x + xy So, f (tx, ty ) = = t 2 y 2 + 3t 2 xy 4t 2 x 2 + t 2 xy t 2 ( y 2 + 3 xy ) t 2 (4 x 2 + xy )

y (1) = 1

y 2 + 3 xy = 2 = f ( x, y ) 4 x + xy Hence, the given differential equation is homogenous. Let y = vx (2) so that dy dv =v+x dx dx So, equation (1) becomes dv v 2 x 2 + 3vx 2 x2 (v2 + 3v) v+x = = 2 dx 4 x 2 + x2 v x (4 + v )) v+x dv dx dv x dx dv x dx x dv v 2 + 3v = dx 4+v 2 v + 3v = v 4+v v 2 + 3v v (4 + v) = 4+v 2 v + 3v 4v v2 = 4+v

dv v = dx 4 + v 4+v dx ( ) dv = v x 4 dx (1 + )dv = v x 4 dx (1 + v )dv = x v + 4 ln v = ln x + c x 4 ln v + ln x = c v y in the above equation, we have x y y 4 ln + ln x = c x x Put v = y + x ln x = cx y (3) x using the initial condition y (1) = 1in (3), we have 4 x ln 1 + 1ln 1 = c(1) 1 1 4(0) + 1(0) = c 1 c =1 So, equation(3) becomes y 4 x ln + x ln x = x y x 4(1) ln 4 x ln y + x ln x + y x = 0 x

Question 3: Determine whether the following Differential Equation is exact. If exact, solve.

Marks=10

( 1 2x ( 1 2x
( 1 2x
2

2y) 2y)

dy = 4 x3 + 4 xy dx dy = 4 x3 + 4 xy dx

Solution: The given differential equation is

2

Or ( 1 2 x 2 2 y ) dy = (4 x3 + 4 xy)dx

2 y ) dy (4 x3 + 4 xy ) dx = 0

Let M = (4 x 3 + 4 xy ) and N = 1 2 x2 2 y M Then = 4 x (1) y N = 4 x (2) x So, the given equation is exact so that f = M = (4 x 3 + 4 xy ) (3) x f = N = 1 2 x 2 2 y (4) y integrating both sides of equation (3) partially w.r.t. x, we have x2 f ( x, y ) = x 4 y + h( y ) 2 4 f ( x, y ) = x 2 x 2 y + h( y ) (5) differentiating equation(5) partially w.r.t y , we have f = 2 x 2 + h / ( y ) (6) y Comparing (4) and (6), we have h / ( y ) = 1 2 y (7) Integrating (7) w.r.t. y , we have h( y ) = y y 2 So, (5) takes the form f ( x, y ) = x 4 2 x 2 y + y y2 Hence, f ( x, y ) = c
4

i.e. y 2 x 2 y y 2 x 4 = c is the required solution of the given differential equation.