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ke masa ). Jakarta: Agromedia Pustaka, 2003: 9. 16. Hasem D. Daun Sirih sebagai antibakteri pasta gigi. 2003. <http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0309/24/iptek/578008.htm> (12 Desember 2008). 17. Nalina T, Rahim ZHA. The crude aqueous extract of Piper betle L. and its antibacterial effect towards Streptococcus mutans. Am J Biochem & Biotech, 2007; 3(1): 10-5. 18. Mitchell SA, Ahmad MH. A review of medicinal plant research at the University of the West Indies, Jamaica, 1948-2001. West Indian Med J 2006; 54(4): 243-63. 19. Jenie BSL, Andarwulan N, Puspitasari-Nienaber NL, Nuraida L. Antimicrobial activity of Piper betle Linn extract towards foodnorne pathogens and food spoilage microorganisms. IFT Annual Meeting 2001. 20. Dian AW. Perbedaan khasiat antibakteri bahan irigasi antara Hydrogen Peroksida 3% dan infusum daun sirih 20% terhadap bakteri mix. Dent J. 2005;38(1):45-7. 21. Anonymous. Piper betle From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2007. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betel> (25 Desember 2008). 22. Diyah T. Daun Sirih mengobati mimisan sampai keputihan. 2003. <http://www.depkes.go.id/index.php?option=articles&artid=27&Itemid=3> (12 Desember 2008). 23. Parmar VS, Jain SC, Gupta S. Polyphenols and alcaloids from Piper species. Phytochemistry 1998; 49(4):1069-78. 24. Ramji N, Ramji N, Iyer R, Chandrasekaran S. Phenolics antibacterial from Piper betle in the prevention of halitosis. J Ethnopharmacol 2002,83:149-52. 25. White I, Oshima L, Leswana ND. Antimicrobial activity Micro propagation Peperomia tetraphylia. Journal of Medicine, 2007; 1(1). 26. Anonymous. Staphylococcus aureus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2007. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureus> (14 Mei 2009). 27. Samaranayake L. Essensial Microbiology for Dentistry. China 2002 ; 11 (3) : 118 2. 28. Brooks GF, Butel JS, Carroll KC, Morse SA. Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, 24th Ed. USA 2007 ; 224 7. 29. Humpreys H. Staphylococcus. In: Greenwood D, Slack RCB, Peutherer JF, eds. Medical Microbiology. A guide to microbial infections: pathogenesis, immunity, laboratory diagnosis and control. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, 2002:168. 30. Brooks GF, Butel JS, Morse SA. Mikrobiologi Kedokteran. Alih Bahasa. Mudihardo E, Kuntaman, Wasito EB, Mertaniasih NM, Harsono S, Alimsardjono L. Jakarta: Salemba Medika, 2001:318. 31. Koneman EW, Allen SD, Dowell VR, Sommers HM. Color atlas and textbook of diagnostic microbiology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Company, 1983 ; 264,284-5.

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32. Mosby E. Mosby's Comprehensive Review of Dental Hygiene. Missouri 2006 ; 355. 33. Male D, Brostoff J, Roth DB, Roitt I. Immunology 7th Ed. China 2006 ; 266, 272. 34. Sciubba JJ. Denture Stomatitis. <http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075594-overview> ( 14 Mei 2009 ). 35. Rogers C. What are the differents types of mouthwash?. <http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-mouthwash.htm> ( 3 Januari 2009 ).

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