Significant Milestones: The Growth of Special Education

Presents . . .

that happened during those years. These are: a) b) c) d) e) The early years Establishment of the first public school programs Foundation research and publications The period of legislations and litigations: Special education as Civil rights Inclusion: Special Education history in the making

1825 The House of Refuge in New York, the first U.S institution for juvenile delinquents, was founded.

*The Early Years

1791 Henry Gannett established the first school for the blind, the School of Instruction for the Indigent Blind, in Liverpool, Great Britain.

1830 Louis Braille, a young blind freshman, developed a system of reading and writing letters, words, numbers and other system are made from arrangements of raised dots.

SHELATOY

Egiua, Hanie Vessa V. Lorena, Sindra Lou A. Dalde, Rainer Jose A. Naguita, Mia Carmelle D. Ramos, Patricia Bianca N. Paglinawan, Christiana Marie C. Benedicto, Brenda Gwen Marie D.

1760s Thomas Braidwood started the first school for deaf in Great Britain. Called the Academy for Deaf and Dumb.

1798 An 11 or 12 year old boy was discovered by three hunters in the woods of Aveyron, France. Later called Victor(Left), the wild boy was completely unsocialized and spoke no language. Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard(Right) a physician working at an institution for the deaf worked on victor. 1817 Thomas Hopkins

1831 Educated at Brown University and Harvard Medical School, Samuel Gridley Howe was hired by the New England Asylum for the Blind to devise methods for educating sightless persons. 1837 Edouard Seguin, a student of Itard, established a program for educating the feebleminded at the Salpetriere in Paris.

1784 Valentin Hauy started the first school for blind children, the Institut National des Jeunes Aveugles in Paris.

Gallaudet went to Patis to learn about working with deaf children from a young priest.

Entries in the chronology of milestones events are grouped into five themes. The themes are not exclusive but arbitrarily used to highlight the significant events

1839 The first teacher training program opened in Massachusettes. 1840 A compulsory education law was passed in Rhode Island, USA. 1846 Seguin published The Moral Treatment, Hygiene, and Education of Idiots and Other Backward Children.

1848 Dorothea Dix, a retired teacher, took the U.S Congress on the inhumane treatment of persons with mental illness. 1851 A compulsory education law was passed in Massachusetts. 1851 Samuel Gridley Howe, considered one of the angry, fighting leaders in special education. 1866 Dr. John Langdon Down published the first complete physical description of down syndrome.

*Establishment of the first public school programs

1869 The first public school class for children with hearing impairment opened in Boston. - Alexander Graham Bell opened a training school for teachers of the deaf in Boston.

1876 The Association of Medical officers of American Institutions for idiots and Feebleminded persons was founded. 1878 Two special education classes opened in Cleveland for children with behavioural problems. - August Schenck advocated for the education of children with handicaps in Detriot. 1896 The first public school calss for children with mental retardation was organized in Providence,Rhode island. 1898 Elizabeth Farrell organized ungraded classes in New York for Backward students.

handicapped children hand the right to education through the public schools. 1899 100 large cities in the U.S had special education classes. Among the pioneering localities were Boston, Chicago, New York, Cleveland, Providence, Detroit and Milwaukee. 1900 Rapid advancement classes for the gifted were established. - The first American public school class for the totally blind children opened in Chicago. 1901 Special Classes for gifted children were organized in Worchester, Massachusetts. 1904 The Vineland Training school offered its first summer session for teachers of children with mental retardation. 1908 A special class for students with speech impairment was organized in New York. 1911 Mandatory Education of children with disabilities was legislated in New Jersey. - By this year, over 100 large city school systems in the U.S had already established special schools and special cities for handicapped children. A number of states began to subsidize special programs by daying the excess cost of maintaining special clases. First Public School Classes for Children with Disabilities: A Summary 1869 Boston, Deaf Massachusetts 1878 Cleveland, Bahavior Ohio disorders 1896 Providence, Mental Rhode Island Retardation 1898 New York, New Slow York Learners 1899 Chicago, Physical Illinois impairments 1900 Chicago, Blind Illinois 1901 Worchester, Gifted Massachusetts 1908 New York, New Speech York Impairment

* Foundational Research and Publications

1912 Maria Montessori published her educational methods that helped spread special education strategies 1913 The first class for low- vision children began in Boston.

1916 TheStanfordBinet Intelligence Scale was Published. Standardized by Lewis Terman at Stanford University.

1929 The CEC affiliated with the World Federation of Education Association. 1930 President Herbert Hoover convened the First white house conference on children health and protection. 1934 Absjorn Folling, a Norweigian physician explained the biochemical mechanics related to the metabolic disturbance known as phenylketonuria or PKN. 1938 The first itinerant teaching program for children with visual impairment attending regular class was implemented in Oakland, California. 1943 Dr. Leo Kanner, published the first description of what he called artistic disturbances of affected contact. 1949 United Cerebral Palsy Association was founded. 1950 The Muscular Dystrophy Association was founded - Association for Retarded Children was likewise founded 1953 The National Association for the gifted was founded

*Period Of legislation and Litigation: Special Education as a Civil Right.

1954 The supreme court argued: Separate but equal is not equal 1956 Special Education classes in the regular schools for the deaf started 1957 The event called The space satellites Sputnik I and II was launched 1958 The book, Mental subnormality was published.

- Alexander Graham Bell addressed the National Education Association Convention as a speech expert and pointed out that

1917 Mandatory education for children with disabilities was legislated in New York. 1919 Beattie V. Board of education justified the exclusion of a 13 year old boy with cerebral pulsy. 1920 On April 8 of this year, President Woodrow Wilson signed into law the Federal Civilian Rehabilitation act. 1921 The national society for crippled children was organized by a goup of perverts in the United States. 1922 The Intternational Council for Exceptional Children (IECE) was founded by members of the summer special educational class conducted at Teachers college, Columbia University. 1942 The CEC affiliated with the National Education Association 1952 Louis Terman Started his long- term study on the characteristics of gifted children which lasted until 1959. 1928 The year named the birth of CECs first publication.

1959 Niels Erik Bank-Mikkelsen of Denmark introduced the concept of mornalization.

1960 President John F. Kennedy established the Presidents Committee on Mental Retardation

1961 President Kennedy appointed a panel The Presidents panel on mental retardation. 1963 Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Center construction Act extended 1963 The division on mental retardation and development disabilities of the council for exceptional children was founded 1965 The elementary and secondary act was signed into law. 1966 Amendments to the elementary and secondary education act created the Bureau of Education for the Handicapped 1967 The case Hobson v. Hansen was the one of the first litigations that included special education. 1969 The White House Conference was held. 1970 UP, a new area of specialization in the masters program was instituted.

*Inclusion: Special Education History in Making

1985 The U.S Supreme Court ruled unanimously to prevent the establishment of group homes for persons with mental retardation. 1986 Doe V. Mather (California) ruled that handicapped children could not be excluded from school for any misbehaviour that is handicap-related 1987 On Jan 23, 1987 at Florida Atlantic University there are 8 assumptions associated with REI: 1. Student rights 2. Support from the Education Community 3. Partnership 4. Attitudes 5. Student Grouping 6. Curriculum 7. Instruction 8. Classroom Structure 9. Assesment 1988 The special abilities of gifted and talented students are recognized and developed during their elementary and secondary school years. 1989 The case of Timothy W. V. Rochester School District was a reaffirmation. - First Circuit Court establishment to free and appropriate public education regardless of the severity of the childs

disability for a student with Down Syndrome. 1990 On July 26, 1990 Pres. George W. Bush signed the law of The Americans with Disability Act - The changes introduced was the use of person first such as the ff: 1. children was replaced by individuals 2. handicapped was replaced by w/disabilities 1992 Magna Carta (Disabled Person)- Full participation and integration of persons with disabilities in the mainstream of the society. 1994 The Philippines is a signatory to the Salamanca Statement 1997 Individuals with disabilities education act amendments of 1997 identified the ff categories of disability: 1. Autism 2. Deaf-Blindness 3. Hearing Impairment and Deafness 4. Mental Retardation 5. Multiple Disabilities 6. Orthopedic Impairments 7. Traumatic Brain Injury 8. Speech and Language Disabilities 9. Emotional Disturbance 10. Visual Impairments and Blindness 11. Development Delay 12. Other Health Impairments 1998 The Association for Science in Autism Treatment (ASAT) was founded by parents and professionals. 2001 The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was passed, reauthorizing the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) 2004 On Dec. 3 Pres. Bush signed into law the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004, reauthorizing IDEA and aligning the law with the goals and purpose of No Child Left Behind. 2006 On Dec. 30, the United Nations General Assembly adapted the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD).

~END OF REPORT~