LGD 10703 ENGINEERING SCIENCE

1. A vehicle accelerates from 10 m/s to 22 m/s within 20 seconds. Determine a. the acceleration a = (v-u) /t = (22 10)/20 = 12/20 = 0.6 ms-1 b. the average velocity = (v + u)/ 2 = 32/2 = 16 ms-1 c. the distance travelled s = t = 16 (20) = 320 m 2. A body moves 1 km in 100 seconds. Determine the average velocity in m/s. = s/t = 1000/100 = 10 ms-1 3. A train travelling at 25 m/s decelerates to rest within 50 seconds. Calculate its acceleration. a = (v-u)/t = (0-25)/50 = - 0.5 ms-2 (negative sign means deceleration) 4. Consider a body moving at a constant velocity u. Over a period of t seconds it accelerates from u to final velocity v. a. draw a graph of velocity against time v (m/s) v u area 1 = triangle = (v-u)t area 2 = rectangle = ut t (s) b. if s = distance travelled which is equals to the area under the graph, derive its formula s = area under the graph of velocity time = area 1 + area 2 = (v-u)t + ut = vt ut + ut = vt + ut = (v + u) t = area of trapezium

ANSWER TUTORIAL 2 LGD 10703 (ABR)

LGD 10703 ENGINEERING SCIENCE

5. A lift is accelerated from rest to 5 m/s at a rate of 2.5 m/s2. It then moves at a constant velocity for 10 s and then decelerates to rest at 2.0 m/s2. a. draw the velocity time graph b. determine the distance travelled by the lift c. determine the average velocity of the lift time for acceleration t = (v u)/a = (5 0)/2.5 = 2 s time for deceleration t = (v u)/a = (0 5)/- 2.0 = 2.5 s

v(m/s) 5

t (s) 2 12 14.5

s = distance travelled = area under the graph = area 1st triangle + 2nd rectangle + 3rd triangle = area of trapezium = (10 + 14.5) 5 = 61.25 m = average velocity = s/t = 61.25/14.5 = 4.22 m/s 6. Convert the following quantities into SI units. a. velocity = 80 km/hr = 80000/3600 = 22.22 m/s b. flow rate = 120 cm3/min = 120 x (10-2)3 / 60 = 2 x 10-6 m3/s c. distance = 2000 mm = 2000 x 10-3 =2m

ANSWER TUTORIAL 2 LGD 10703 (ABR)

LGD 10703 ENGINEERING SCIENCE

7. A missile is fired vertically with an ideal velocity of 350 m/s. It is acted on by gravity. Determine the height it reaches and the time taken to go up and down again. u = 350 m/s v = 0 m/s a = -g (direction against gravity) = - 9.81 ms-2 v2 = u2 + 2as s = (v2 u2)/ 2a = - (350)2/ (-2(9.81)) = 6244 m s = (v + u) t t = 2s/u = 2(6244)/350 = 35.68 s time to go up and down = 2(35.68) = 71.36 s 8. The speed of a car which is moving on a straight road is reduced from 120 km/hr to 100 km/hr over a distance of 0.5 km. If the deceleration is constant, determine the additional distance through which the car must travel in order to come to rest. u = 120 km/hr = 120000/3600 = 33.33 m/s v = 100 km/hr = 100000/3600 = 27.78 m/s v2 = u2 + 2as a = (v2 u2)/2s = (27.782 33.332)/(2(500)) = - 0.339 ms-2 Thus distance s =(v2 u2)/ 2a = (0 27.782)/(2(-0.339)) =1138 m 9. An object which is moving vertically upwards passes through a point X at height of 70 cm from the ground with speed 3.5 m/s. Determine the a. initial velocity of the object when it is launched from the ground v2 = u2 + 2gs 3.52 = u2 + 2 (-9.81)(0.7) u2 = 12.25 + 13.72 u = / 25.97 = 5.10 m/s b. time taken by the object to rise from X to the maximum height at maximum height speed is zero v = u + gt 0 = 3.5 + (-9.81)t t = 3.5/9.81 = 0.357 s

ANSWER TUTORIAL 2 LGD 10703 (ABR)