Five Year Plans

1
 It was based on Harrod-Domar Model.
Community Development Program was launched in 1952.
First Plan
1 Emphasized on agriculture, price stability, power & transport.
(1951 - 56)
It was more than a success, because of good harvests in the last
two years.

Also called Mahalanobis Plan after its chief architect.

Its objective was rapid industrialization.
Second Plan Advocated huge imports which led to emptying of funds leading
2
(1956 - 61) to foreign loans. It shifted basic emphasis from agriculture to
industry far too soon. During this plan, price level increased by
30%, against a decline of 13% during the First Plan.

At its conception time, it was felt that Indian economy has

entered a take-off stage. Therefore, its aim was to make India a
'self-reliant' and 'self-generating' economy.
Also, it was realized from the experience of first two plans that
Third Plan
3 agriculture should be given the top priority to suffice the
(1961 - 66)
requirement of export and industry.
Complete failure due to unforeseen misfortunes, viz. Chinese
aggression (1962), Indo-Pak war (1965), severest drought in
100 years (1965-66).

Plan holiday for 3years. The prevailing crisis in agriculture and

serious food shortage necessitated the emhasis on agriculture
during the Annual Plans.
During these plans a whole new agricultural strategy involving
Three Annual wide-spread distribution of High-Yielding Varieties of seeds, the
4 Plans (1966- extensive use of fertilizers, exploitation of irrigation potential
69) and soil conservation was put into action to tide-over the crisis
in agricultural production.
During the Annual Plans, the economy basically absorbed the
shocks given during the Third Plan, making way for a planned
growth.

Main emphasis on agriculture's growth rate so that a chain

reaction can start.
Fourth Plan Fared well in the first two years with record production, last
5
(1969 - 74) three years failure because of poor monsoon.
Had to tackle the influx of Bangladeshi refugees before and after
1971 Indo-Pak war.

The fifth plan prepared and launched by D.D. Dhar proposed to

achieve two main objectives viz, 'removal of poverty' (Garibi
Hatao) and 'attainment of self reliance', through promotion of
Fifth
6 high rate of growth, better distribution of income and a very
Plan(1974-79)
significant growth in the domestic rate of savings.
The plan was terminated in 1978 (instead of 1979) when Janta
Govt.came to power.

There were 2 Sixth Plans. One by Janta Govt. (for 78-83) which
Rolling Plan
7 was in operation for 2 years only and the other by the Congress
(1978 - 80)
Govt. when it returned to power in 1980.

Objectives: Increase in national income, modernization of

Sixth Plan

2
Important Antipoverty Employment Generation Programs

3
 Started on April 1, 1999. It has replaced the following
programs:
Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP) : Started in
1978 - 79).
Training Rural Youth for Self -Employment (TRYSEM):
Started in 1978-79.
Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas
Swaranjayanti (DWCRA): Started in 1978 -79.
1 Gram Swarozgar Ganga Kalyan Yojana (GKY): Started in 1997.
Yojana (SGRY) Million Wells Scheme (MWS): Started in 1989.
Supply of Improved Tool-kits to Rural Artisans (SITRA).
The yojana takes into account all the strengths and
weaknesses of the earlier self-employment programs.
Every assisted family will be brought above the poverty line.
It is proposed to cover 30% of the rural poor in each block.
To Target at atleast 50% Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes, 40% women and 3% disabled.

It was introduced in 2000-01 with the objective of focusing

on village level development in five critical areas I.e.,
primary health, primary education, housing, rural roads and
drinking water and nutrition with the overall objective of
improving the quality of life of people in rural areas. Rural
Pradhan Mantri
electrification was added as an additional component from
2 Gramodaya Yojana
2001-02.
(PMGY)
It has the following components:
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (Gramin Awas).
Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (Rural Drinking Water
Project).

It was started on Sept. 25,2001, with the mergence of the

Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS) and the Jawahar
Sampoorna Gramin Gram Samriddhi Yojana (JGSY). Earlier Jawahar Rozgar
3 Rozgar Yojana Yojana, which started in 1989, was merged with Jawahar
(SGRY) Gram Samriddhi Yojana.
The objective of the program is to provide additional wage
employment in rural areas and also to provide food security.

The SJSRY came into operation in Dec, 1997, through a

restructuring and streamlining of the earlier urban poverty
alleviation programs, the Nehru Rozgar Yojana (NRY), the
Urban Basic Services for the Poor (UBSP) and the Prime
Swarna Jayanti
Minister's Integrated Urban Poverty alleviation Program
4 Shahari Rozgar
(PMIUPEP).
Yojana (SJSRY)
It seeks to provide employment to the urban employed or
underemployed living below poverty line and educated up to
IX standard through encouraging the setting up of self-
employment ventures or provision of wage employment.

Launched on Dec. 25,2000. The scheme aims at providing

food security to poor families.
Antyodaya Anna The scheme contemplates identification of 10 million 'poorest
5
Yojana of the poor' families and providing the \m with 25kg of food

4
Industries in India

5
 Most important industry in terms of employment and
production of export goods. In Maharashtra (Mumbai,
Sholapur, Pune, Kolhapur, Satara, Wardha, Hajipur),
1 Cotton Textile Gujarat (Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Rajkot, Surat,
Bhavnagar), Tamil Nadu (Coimbatore Manchestor of South
India). Tamil Nadu has the largest number of cotton textile
mills in India

India manufactures the largest quantity of jute goods in

2 Jute the world. Mainly located in West Bengal, followed by
Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, UP, MP

The location of silk industry is governed by two factors -

prevalence of sericulture practices and availability of skilled
3 Silk Textile
labour. Karnataka is the leading producer, followed by West
Bengal, Bihar, etc

In Punjab (Dhariwal, Amritsar, Ludhiana, Ferozpur),

4 Woollen Textiles Maharashtra (Mumbai), UP (Kanpur, Mirzapur, Agra,
Tanakpur), etc

Located near the sources of raw materials and fuel (coal).

In Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), Durgapur, Burnpur (W.B.),
5 Iron and steel Bhadrwati (Karnataka), Bokaro (Jharkhand), Rourkela
(Orissa), Bhilai (Chhatisgarh), Salem (T.N.),
Vishakhapatnam (A.P.)

Located mainly near the sources of raw materials, means

Aluminium of transport and cheap electricity. In Hirakud, Koraput
6
Smelting (Orissa), Renukoot (UP), Korba (MP), Ratnagiri
(Maharashtra), Mettur (TN), Alwaye

In Khetri, Alwar, Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan), Singhbhum

7 Copper Smelting
(Jharkhand), Agnigundala (A.P.)

In Ranchi, Vishakapattnam, Durgapur, Tiruchirapalli,

Mumbai, Naini it forms the basis for the manufacturing of
Heavy Machinery
industrial, defence equipments, automobiles, railway
8 Machine Tools
engines and electrical machinery. In Bangalore, Pinjore
Industry
(Haryana), Kalamassery (Kerala), Hyderabad,
Secunderabad, Srinagar, Ajmer.

Power generation equipments. In Bhopal, Tiruchirapalli,

Heavy Electrical
9 Jammu, Ramchandrapuram (Hyderabad), Hardwar,
Equipments
Bangalore, and Jagdishpur (UP).

Locomotives: In Chittaranjan (WB), Varanasi, Jamshedpur,

Railway Bhopal.
10
Equipments Coaches: Perambur(TN), Kapurthala (Punjab), also at
Bangalore and Kolkata.

Hindustan Shipyard at Vishakhapatnam, Cochin Shipyard,

11 Ship Building Mumbai (Mazgaon Dock) and Kolkata (Garden Reach
Workshop). For Indian Navy, only at Mazgaon

In Mumbai, Asansol, Sonepat, Delhi, Chennai, Jalandhar

12 Cycles
and Ludhiana

6
Supreme Court of India

7
 Stands at the apex of the judicial system of India.
1 Status
Consists of Chief Justice & 25 other judges.

The senior most judge of the Supreme Court is appointed

as the Chief Justice of India. Other judges are appointed by the
2 Appointment President after consultation with such judges of the Supreme
Court and of the High Court as the President may deem
necessary.

Citizen of India
Have been a judge of High Court for 5 yrs or An advocate
3 Qualification
of High Court for 10 yrs minimum or In President's view, a
distinguished jurist of the country.

The Chief Justice & other judges hold office till 65 yrs of
age.
Can give resignation to President.
Can be removed by the Parliament.
4 Term & Salary
After retirement, a judge of Supreme Court cannot plead
or act before any authority.
Salary: Chief Justice - 33,000/- per month, Other Judges
- 30,000/- per month

A motion seeking the removal of the judge can be

preferred before either House of the Parliament.
Removal of
5 The resolution should be supported by a majority of total
Judges
membership of both houses & by 2/3 majority of the members
present & voting.

Original Jurisdiction: The Supreme Court settles all

disputes between Centre - State, State - State, etc.

Writ Jurisdiction: Every individual has the right to move

the Supreme Court directly by appropriate proceedings for the
enforcement of his Fundamental Rights.

Advisory Jurisdiction: If the President seeks the advice of

Supreme Court, it is duty bound to give its opinion. (Its opinion
isn't a binding of President).

Revisory Jurisdiction: The Supreme Court under Article

137 is empowered to review any judgement or order made by
Jurisdiction of it with a view to removing any mistake or error that might have
6 The Supreme crept in the judgement or order.
Court
It is a court of record as its decisions are of evidentiary
value & cannot be questioned in any court.

The Supreme Court also enjoys the power of Judicial

review as it can ensure that the laws passed by legislature and
orders issued by the executive do not contravene any provision
of the Constitution.

The Supreme Court decides disputes regarding the

election of the President and the Vice President.

8
Parts of the Constitution

9
Part - I (Article Deals with territory of India formation of new states, alterations,
1 - 4) names of existing states.

Part - II (Art. 5 -
Deals with various rights of citizenship.
11)

Part - III (Art. Deals with fundamental rights of Indian citizens. (Art. 31 - dealing
12 - 35) with the right to property was deleted by 44th amendment).

Part - IV (Art.
Deals with Directive Principles of State Policy.
36-51)

Part - IV - A Added by 42nd amendment in 1976. Contains the duties of the

(Art. 51A) citizens.

Deals with govt. at the Union Level. (Duties & Function of PM,
Part - V (Art. 52
Ministers, Presidents, Attorney General, Parliament - Lok Sabha &
- 151)
Rajya Sabha, Comptroller & Auditor General).

Deals with govt. at the State Level. (Duties & functions of Chief
Part - VI (Art.
Minister & his ministers, Governor, State legislature, High Court,
152 - 237)
Advocate General of the State).

Part - VII (Art.

Deals with States, was replaced in 1956 by the 7th amendment.
238)

Part - VIII (Art.

Deals with Union Territories.
239 - 241)

Consists of 2 parts:
1. Added by 73rd amendment in 1992. Contains a new schedule
'SCHEDULE ELEVEN'. It contains 29 subjects related to Panchayati
Part - IX Raj. (They have been given administrative powers).
2. Added by 74th amendment in 1992. Contains a new schedule
'SCHEDULE TWELVE'. It contains 18 subjects related to
Municipalities. (They have been given administrative powers).

Part - X (Art.
Deals with Scheduled & Tribal Areas.
244, 244A)

Part - XI (Art.
Deals with relation between Union & States.
245 - 263)

Deals with distribution of revenue between Union & States,

Part - XII (Art.
appointment of Finance Commission (Article 280), contracts,
264 - 300A)
liabilities etc.

Part - XIII Relates to trade, commerce & intercourse within the Territory of
(Art.301 - 307) India.

Part - XIV
Deals with UPSC and Public Service Commissions.
(Art.308 - 323)

Part - XV
Deals with elections (Also Election Commission)
(Art.324 - 329)

Part - XVI Deals with special provisions for Scheduled Castes & Scheduled
(Art.330 - 342) Tribed & Anglo - Indian Representation.

10
Important Constitutional Amendments

11
 First
1 Amendment Added Ninth Schedule.
1951

Seventh
Necessitated on account of reorganisation of States on a
2 Amendment
linguistic basis
1956

Eighth Extended special provisions for reservations of seats for SCs,

3 Amendment STs and Anglo-Indian in Lok Sabha and Leg. Assemblies for a
1959 period of 10 years from1960 to 1970.

The Ninth
Gave effect to transfer certain territories to Pakistan following
4 Amendment
the 1958 Indo-Pak agreement.
1960

The Tenth
5 Amendment Incorporated Dadra & Nagar Haveli as a UT.
1961

Twelfth
6 Amendment Incorporated Goa, Daman & Diu as a UT.
1962

Thirteenth
7 Amendment Created Nagaland as a State.
1962

Fourteenth Pondicherry, Karaikal, Mahe and Yanam, the former French

8 Amendment territories were included in the I schedules as UT of
1963 Pondicherry.

Eighteenth
Reorganised Punjab into Punjab, Haryana and UT of
9 Amendment
Chandigarh.
1966

Twenty first
10 Amendment Included Sindhi as the Fifteenth Regional language.
1967

Twenty second
11 Amendment Created a sub-state of Meghalaya with in Assam.
1969

Twenty third
Extended the reservation of seats for SC/ST and nomination of
12 Amendment
Anglo-Indians for a further period of 10 years (till 1980).
1969

Twenty sixth
Abolished the titles and special privileges of former rulers of
13 Amendment
princely states.
1971

Twenty seventh
Established Manipur and Tripura as States and Mizoram and
14 Amendment
Arunachal Pradesh as UTs.
1971

Thirty first Increased the elective Strength of LS from 525 to 545. The

12
 Election Commission (Article 324)

Status:

• The Constitution provides for an independent election commission to ensure

free and fair election to the Parliament, the State legislature and the offices of
President and Vice-President.

• Consists of Chief Election Commissioner +2 Election Commissioners. They all

enjoy equal powers.

• The Chief Election Commissioner is appointed by the President and the other
Election Commissioners are appointed by the President after consultation with
the Chief Election Commissioner. Article 324 also provides for the
appointment of Regional Commissioners at the time of General Elections after
consultation with the Election Commission.

• Election Commissioners are appointed for a term of 5yrs.

• They are not eligible for re-appointment. Also, they cannot hold any office of
profit after their retirement.

• The term of 5yrs can by cut short by resignation or removal by President on

recommendation of the Parliament (Same as that of Judge of the Supreme
Court).

Functions:

• Preparation of electoral rolls & keeping voters list updated.

13
 • Preparation of code of conductor for all political parties.

• Recognition of various political parties & allotment of election symbols.

• Appointment of election officers to look into disputes concerning election

arrangements.

• To examine the returns of election expenses filed by the candidate.

Fundamental Rights

Right to Equality

Article
Equality before law and equal protection of law
14

Article Prohibition of discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex

15 or place of birth.

Article
Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
16

Article
End of untouchability
17

Article Abolition of titles, Military and academic distinctions are, however,

18 exempted.
Right to Freedom of Religion

14
Article Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of
25 religion.

Article
Freedom to manage religious affairs
26

Article
Prohibits taxes on religious grounds
27

Article Freedom as to attendance at religious ceremonies in certain educational

28 institutions
Right Against Exploitation

Article 23 Traffic in human beings prohibited

Article 24 No child below the age of 14 can be employed

Right to Freedom of Religion

Article Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of

25 religion.

Article
Freedom to manage religious affairs
26

Article
Prohibits taxes on religious grounds
27

Article Freedom as to attendance at religious ceremonies in certain educational

28 institutions
Cultural and Educational Rights

Article 29 Protection of interests of minorities

Article 30 Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.

Article 31 Omitted by the 44th Amendment Act.

Right to Constitutional Remedies

The right to move the Supreme Court in case of their violation (called Soul
Article
and heart of the Constitution
32
by DR Ambedkar).

The New States Created After 1950

15
 Created by the State of Andhra Pradesh Act, 1953 by carving
1 Andhra Pradesh
out some areas from the State of Madras

The State of Bombay was divided into two States, I.e.,

Gujarat and
2 Maharashtra and Gujarat by the Bombay (Reorganisation) Act,
Maharashtra
1960

Created by the State Reorganisation Act, 1956. Te comprised

3 Kerala
Travancor and Cochin areas.

Created from the Princely State of Mysore by the State

4 Karnataka
Reorganisation Act, 1956. It was renamed Karnataka in 1973.

It was carved out from the State of Assam by the State of

5 Nagaland
Nagaland Act, 1962.

It was carved out from the State of Punjab by the Punjab

6 Haryana
(Reorganisation) Act, 1966

Himachal The Union Territory of Himachal Pradesh was elevated to the

7
Pradesh status of State by the State of Himachal Pradesh Act, 1970

First carved out as a sub-State within the State of Assam by

23rd Constitutional Amendment, 1969. Later in 1971, it
8 Meghalaya
received the status of a full-fledged State by the North-Eastern
Areas (Reorganisation) Act. 1971

Both these States were elevated from the status of Union

Manipur and
9 Territories by the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act,
Tripura
1971.

Sikkim was first given the Status of Associate State by the

10 Sikkim 35th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1974. It got the status of
a full State in 1975 by the 36th Amendment Act, 1975.

It was elevated to the Status of a full State by the State of

11 Mizoram
Mizoram Act, 1986.

Arunachal It received the status of a full State by the State of Arunachal

12
Pradesh Pradesh Act, 1986.

Goa was separated from the Union Territory of Goa, Daman

and Diu and was made a full-fledged State by the Goa, Daman
13 Goa
and Diu Reorganisation Act, 1987. But Daman and Diu
remained as Union Territory

Formed by the Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 by dividing

14 Chhattisgarh
Madhya Pradesh on November 1, 2000

Formed by the Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 by dividing

15 Uttaranchal
Uttar Pradesh on November 9, 2000

Formed by the Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 by dividing

16 Jharkhand
Bihar on November 15,2000.

16
 Parliament of India

LOK SABHA:

Maximum strength - 550 + 2 nominated members. (530 - States/ 20 - Union

Territories)

Present strength of Lok Sabha - 545.

The Eighty Fourth Amendment, 2001, extended freeze on Lok Sabha and State
Assembly seats till 2026.

The normal tenure of the Lok Sabha is five years, but it may be dissolved
earlier by the President. The life of the Lok Sabha can be extended by the Parliament
beyond the five year term, when a proclamation of emergency under Article 352 is in
force. But the Parliament cannot extend the normal life of the Lok Sabha for more
than one year at a time (no limit on the number of times in the Constitution).

The Candidate must be: (a) Citizen of India. (b) Atleast 25 yrs of age. (c )
Mustn't hold any office of profit. (d) No unsound mind/ insolvent. (e) Has registered
as voter in any Parliamentary Constituency.

17
 Oath of MPs is conducted by the Speaker. Can resign, by writing to Speaker.

Presiding officer is Speaker (In his absence Deputy Speaker). The members
among themselves elect him.

The Speaker continues in office even after the dissolution of the Lok Sabha till a
newly elected Lok Sabha meets.

Usually the Speaker, after his election cuts-off all connection with his party &
acts in an impartial manner. He does not vote in the first instance, but exercises his
casting vote only to remove a deadlock.

Charges his salary from Consolidated Fund of India.

Speaker sends his resignation to deputy Speaker.

The Majority of the total membership can remove Speaker after giving a 14
days notice. (During this time, he doesn't preside over the meetings). After his
removal, continues in office till his successor takes charge.
RAJYA SABHA

• Maximum Strength - 250 {Out of these, President nominates 12 amongst

persons having special knowledge or practical experience in the fields of
literature, science, art and social service}.

• Presently, the Parliament, by law, has provided for 233 seats for the States
and the Union Territories. The total membership of Rajya Sabha is thus 245.

• All the States and the Union Territories of Delhi and Pondicherry are
represented in the Rajya Sabha.

• Representatives of the State are elected by members of State legislative

assemblies on the basis of proportional representation through a single
transferable vote.

• There are no seats reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in
Rajya Sabha.

• The candidate must be: (a) Citizen of India. (b) 30 yrs of age. (c ) Be a
parliamentary elector in the State in which he is seeking election. (d) Others

18
 as prescribed by parliament from time-to-time.

• The Rajya Sabha MPs are elected for a term of 6 years, as 1/3rd members
retire every 2 years.

• Vice-President is the ex-officio chairman of Rajya Sabha. He presides over the

proceedings of the Rajya Sabha as long as he does not act as the President of
India during a vacancy in the office of the President of India.

• Also a deputy chairman is elected from its members.

• In Rajya Sabha any bill can originate, apart from money bill (including
budget).

President

19
 Must be a citizen of India.
Completed 35 yrs in age.
Eligible to be a member of Lok Sabha.
1 Qualification Must not hold any Government post. Exceptions:
President and Vice-President.
Governor of any State.
Minister of Union or State.

Indirectly elected through 'Electoral College' consisting of Elected

members of both the Houses of Parliament & Elected members of
the Legislative Assemblies of the States. (No nominated
members).
2 Election Security deposit - 15,000/-
Supreme Court inquires all disputes regarding President's
election.
Takes OATH in presence of Chief Justice of India, or in his
absence, senior most judge of Supreme Court.

5 year term
Article 57 says that there is no upper limit on the no. of times a
Term & person can ecome President.
3
Emoluments Can give resignation to Vice President before full-term.
Present Salary - 50,000/month (including allowances &
emoluments).

Quasi-judicial procedure.
Can be impeached only on the ground of violation of
4 Impeachment Constitution.
The impeachment procedure can be initiated in either House of
the Parliament.

In case the office falls vacant due to death, resignation or

removal, the Vice-President acts as President. If he is not
5 Vacancy available then Chief Justice, if not then senior-most judge of
Supreme Court shall act as the President of India.
The election is to be held within 6 months of the vacancy.

Appoints PM, ministers, Chief Justice & Judges of Supreme Court

& High courts, Chairman & members of UPSC, Comptroller and
Auditor General, Attorney General, Chief Election Commissioner
and other members of Election Commission, Governors, Members
of Finance Commission, Ambassadors, etc.
Can summon & prorogue the sessions of the 2 houses & can
dissolve Lok Sabha.
Appoints Finance Commission (after every 5 yrs) that
recommends distribution of taxes between Union & State govts.
7 Powers Appoints the Chief Justice and the judges of the Supreme Court
and High Courts.
The President can promulgate 3 types of Emergencies:
National Emergency (Article 352)
State Emergency (President's Rule) (Article 356)
Financial Emergency (Article 360)
He is the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces of India.
President appoints Chiefs of Army, Navy & Air Force.
Declares wars & concludes peace subject to the approval of the

20
 Prime Ministers of India

Jawahar Lal Nehru 15.08.1947 27.05.1964

Gulzari Lal Nanda 27.05.1964 09.06.1964

Lal Bahadur Shastri 09.06.1964 11.01.1966

Gulzari Lal Nanda 11.01.1966 24.01.1966

Indira Gandhi 24.01.1966 24.03.1977

Morarji Desai 24.03.1977 28.07.1979

Charan Singh 28.07.1979 14.01.1980

Indira Gandhi 14.01.1980 31.10.1984

Rajiv Gandhi 31.10.1984 01.12.1989

V.P.Singh 02.12.1989 10.11.1990

Chandra Shekhar 10.11.1990 21.06.1991

P.V.Narsimha Rao 21.06.1991 16.05.1996

Atal Bihari Vajpayee 16.05.1996 01.06.1996

H.D. Deve Gowda 01.06.1996 21.04.1997

I.K.Gujral 21.04.1997 18.03.1998

Atal Bihari Vajpayee 19.03.1998 12.10.1999

Atal Bihari Vajpayee 13.10.1999 21.05.2004

Dr.Manmohan Singh 22.05.2004 Till Date

Vice President

21
 • Elected by both the houses (Electoral College) in accordance
with the system of proportional representation by means of
single transferable vote and the vote being secret. Nominated
members also participate in his election.

1 Election

• The Supreme Court has the final and exclusive jurisdiction for
resolving disputes and doubts relating to the election of the
Vice-President.

• Citizen of India.

• More than 35 yrs of age

2 Criteria
• Possess the qualification for membership of Rajya Sabha.

• Not hold any office of profit under union, state or local authority.
However, for this purpose, the President, Vice-President,
Governor of a State and a Minister of the Union or a State, are
not held to be holding an office of profit.

• Holds office for 5 yrs. Can be re-elected.

• Term can be cut short if he resigns or by a resolution of the Raja

Sabha passed by a majority of all the then members of the
Rajya Sabha and agreed to by the Lok Sabha.

• He is the ex-officio chairman of Rajya Sabha. Since he is not a

member of Rajya Sabha, he has no right to vote.

• Being the Vice President of India, he is not entitled for any

salary, but he is entitled to the salary and allowances payable to
the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.

Other
3
Points
• All bills, resolution, motion can be taken in Rajya Sabha after his

22
 Presidents of India

1 Dr. Rajendra Prasad 26.01.1950 13.05.1962

2 Dr. S. Radhakrishnan 13.05.1962 13.05.1967

3 Dr. Zakir Hussain 13.05.1967 03.05.1969

4 V.V.Giri (Vice President)# 03.05.1969 20.07.1969

5 Justice M. Hidayatullah*# 20.07.1969 24.08.1969

6 V.V. Giri 24.08.1969 24.08.1974

7 F. Ali Ahmed 24.08.1974 11.02.1977

8 B.D. Jatti# 11.02.1977 25.07.1977

9 N. Sanjiva Reddy 25.07.1977 25.07.1982

10 Gaini Jail Singh 25.07.1982 25.07.1987

11 R. Venkataraman 25.07.1987 25.071992

12 Dr.S.D. Sharma 25.07.1992 25.07.1997

13 K.R. Narayanan 25.07.1997 25.07.2002

14 Dr.A.P. J. Abdul Kalam 25.07.2002 25.07.2007

15 Pratibha Patil 25.07.2007 Till Date

Source:

http://www.winentrance.com/General_Knowledge/

Representation of States and Union Territories

23
 SNo State / UTs Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha
1 Andhra Pradesh 42 18

2 Arunachal Pradesh 2 1

3 Assam 14 7

4 Bihar 40 16

5 Jharkhand 14 6

6 Goa 2 1

7 Gujarat 26 11

8 Haryana 10 5

9 Himachal Pradesh 4 3

10 Jammu & Kashmir 6 4

11 Karnataka 28 12

12 Kerala 20 9

13 Madhya Pradesh 29 11

14 Chattisgarh 11 5

15 Maharashtra 48 19

16 Manipur 2 1

17 Meghalaya 2 1

18 Mizoram 1 1

19 Nagaland 1 1

20 Orissa 21 10

21 Punjab 13 7

22 Rajasthan 25 10

23 Sikkim 1 1

24 Tamil Nadu 39 18

25 Tripura 2 1

26 Uttar Pradesh 80 31

27 Uttaranchal 5 3

28 West Bengal 42 16

29 Andaman & Nicobar 1 -

30 Chandigarh 1 -

24
Name of Parliments and Countries

25
SNo Country Name of Parliment
1 Afghanistan Hal-o-Aqad (National Assembly)

2 Albania People's Assembly

3 Algeria National People's Assembly

4 Angola National People's Assembly

5 Argentina National Congress

Federal Parliament (House of Representatives and

6 Australia
Senate)

7 Austria National Assembly

8 Bahamas General Assembly (House of Assembly and Senate)

9 Belize National Assembly

10 Benin National Revolutionary Assembly

11 Bhutan Tshogdu (National Assembly)

12 Bolivia National Congress

13 Botswana National Assembly

14 Brazil National Congress

15 Britain Parliament (House of Commons and House of Lords)

16 Bulgaria Narodno Subranie (National Assembly)

Cambodia
17 National Assembly
(Kampuchea)

18 Canada Parliament (House of Commons and Senate)

19 Cape Verde People's National Assembly

20 China, Mainland National People's Congress

21 China, National Yuan (National Assembly)

22 Colombia Congress

23 Cuba National Assembly of People's Power

24 Denmark Folketing

25 Egypt People's Assembly

26 France National Assembly

Bundestag (Lower House) and Bundesrat (Upper

27 Germany
House)

28 Guyana National Assembly

29 Hungary National Assembly

26
 INDIAN STATES
General Knowledge Home Page

States Capital Languages

Andra Pradesh Hyderabad Telugu and Urdu

Miji, Apotanji, Merdukpen, Tagin,Adi, Honpa, Bangini-

Arunachal Pradesh Itanager
Nishi.

Assam Dispur Assamese

Bihar Patna Hindi

Chhattisgarh Raipur Hindi

Goa Panaji Marathi and Konkani

Gujarat Gandhinagar Gujarati

Haryana Chandigarh Hindi

Himachal Pradesh Shimla Hindi and Pahari

Mizoram Aizawl Mizo and English

Srinagar (Summer) Kashmiri,Dogri, Urdu, Ladakhi,

Jammu & Kashmir Jammu (Winter) Pahari,Punjabi and Dadri

Jharkhand Ranchi Hindi

Karnataka Bangalore Kannda

Kerala Trivandrum Malayalam

Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Hindi

Maharashtra Bombay Marathi

Manipur Imphal Manipuri

Meghalaya Shillong Khasi, Jaintia and Garo

27
Nagaland Kohima Ao, Konyak, Angami, Sema and Lotha

Orissa Bhubaneswar Oriya

Punjab Chandigarh Punjabi

Rajasthan Jaipur Rajasthani and Hindi

Sikkim Gangtok Bhutia, Hindi, Nepali, Lepcha, Limbu

Tamil Nadu Chennai Tamil

Tripura Agartala Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri, Kakborak

Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Hindi

Uttaranchal Dehra Dun Hindi

West Bengal Calcutta Bengali

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