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TRIGONOMETRY The branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the sides and the angles of triangles and the calculations based on them, particularly the trigonometric functions. Angle of Depression CONVERSIONS a.) Degree to Radians b.) Radians to Degree

If the object is below the level of the observer, then the angle between the horizontal and the observer's line of sight

Rotational speed (N) - No. of Revolution per minute Angular speed () - 2 Linear speed (V) - 2 Coupled Wheels ] or Co-terminal Angles

Concentric Wheels

Coterminal angles are angles in standard position (angles with the initial side on the positive x-axis) that have a common terminal side. For example 30, 330 and 390 are all coterminal.

Quadrantal Angles

An angle in standard position with terminal side lying on x-axis or y-axis is called as Quadrantal Angle.

SIX TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS: TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES sin A = cos A = tan A = csc A = sec A = cot A = sin = cos = tan = 1 csc 1 sec 1 cot csc = sec = cot = 1 sin 1 cos 1 tan Reciprocal Identities

SOHCAHTOA SOH- Sine Opposite over Hypotenuse CAH- Cosine Adjacent over Hypotenuse TOA- Tangent Opposite over Adjacent Angle of Elevation

Pythagorean Identities a) b) c) sin + cos = 1 1 + tan = sec 1 + cot = csc RalphEdreanOmadto|2012

The angle of elevation of an object as seen by an observer is the angle between the horizontal and the line from the object to the observer's eye (the line of sight)

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Quotient Identities

Product to Sum Identities

Angle-Sum and -Difference Identities sin( + ) = sin()cos() + cos()sin() sin( ) = sin()cos() cos()sin() cos( + ) = cos()cos() sin()sin() cos( ) = cos()cos() + sin()sin()

AREA OF TRIANGLE

Herons Formula:

AREA OF A SEGMENT Double-Angle Identities sin(2x) = 2sin(x)cos(x) cos(2x) = cos2(x) sin2(x) = 1 2sin2(x) = 2cos2(x) -1 AREA OF SECTOR

Half-Angle Identities

LAW OF SINES

The above identities can be re-stated as: sin2(x) = [1 cos(2x)] cos2(x) = [1 + cos(2x)]

If a < bsinA, no triangle. If a = bsinA, 1 triangle (right) If a > bsinA, 2 triangles LAW OF COSINES c2 = a2 + b2 2ab cos C a2 = b2 + c2 2bc cos A b2 = a2 + c2 2ac cos B

Sum to Product Identities

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importance for calculations in astronomy and earth-surface, orbital and space navigation. LOGARITHM - Inverse of Exponential Form

Properties of Logarithm 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Change of Base Formula

Natural Number ( - The number e is an important mathematical constant, approximately equal to 2.71828, that is the base of the natural logarithm Properties of Natural Number 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY - Spherical trigonometry is a branch of spherical geometry which deals with polygons (especially triangles) on the sphere and the relationships between the sides and the angles. This is of great

RalphEdreanOmadto|2012