History The early european settlements -Inadia hade trade relations with roman empire from 2nd century

an empire from 2nd century bc to 2nd century ad -Pliny in 73AD in his book naturl histories mentioned the demand for Indian goods in roman empire -in 7th century arabs occupied Egypt and Syria and the trade b/n India and Europe was organized by them This trade was carried through black sea and constant nople In 1453A.D consonant nopel was occupied by turks A little trade took place b/w the east and west through the cities Venice and jeneva The other europien countries had no root to east and then efforts started to find seen route to India The portugees were the pioneers in this direction the king of Portugal henry6 known as the navigator encouraged voyages He established school for navigators The person who first rounded the earth is majelon proving that earth is round In 1487 in his effort to find sea route to India barthelomia dias reached cape of good hope In 1494 a Spanish national discovered America by Columbus in his effort to find India In 1498 vascodagama the portugees navigator with 3ships he passed through cape of good hope vascodagama reached calicatu in 1498,may27 The king of calicatu zamarin invited vascodagama and he himself made a trade with India but he faced opposition from arab traders But he came second time to India in 1499 By 1503 the portugees established settlements at cochin calicut and kananar In 1503 francies de almidl was appointed governer in India he followed blue water policy and worked for the development of trade In 1510 albuquorque came as the second governer he occupied gova in 1510 from bijapuris with help of K.D raya The first Indian territory occupied by europiens In 1511 he occupied the island mallaka in far east gradually they established trade centers at diu and daman, salsatte city santhome and hugli As far as Andhra is concerned they established their factory at mcp in 1670 with the permission of abdulla qutubshah Thet belong to Holland and by 1600 there was a trade opposition b/n the dutch and portugees The king of spain philipII combine the two countries spain and Portugal1 He debarred the dutch from ports like Lisbon the and now the dutch found it necessary to have direct trade relations with india Walnis kotene a dutch sailor Visited Southeast asian countries and popularized his experience in europe

In 1595 First dutch company was established which reached the bonton port in Java and started business Soon many dutch settlements were formed in Malaya and Indonesia Ultimately in 1602 netherlands united east India company was established . gradually the portugese in east India was occupied by the Dutch in 1606 (1608) with the permission of the mohd quli the first dutch settlement was established at mcp (the most important sea port in Andhra coat was mcp) gradually they established at peddapalli, narsapuram, beeminipatnam with the help of mohd quli, they established a mint in India at pilicot in 1610 it self they further established at surat a gujarat coast, nagapatnam in tamil coast and chinasura in Bengal coast

the English in 16th century England emerged as the most powerful country in Europe the english sailor francis drake reached molakas in south east aisa in 1853 ralph fitch reached pursian gulf the ortugese arrested him and brought to goa. He escaped and reached thpropagated anad about the riof India there in 1588 spain was defeated by and it gave encouragement to English people queen elizebath in 1600 pemitted for the establishment the governor and comparny mechants of London in to the eastindies to have trade with the east the first fet reache he port of aknin in indonasea in1602, under james caster and the second fleet reachambayana island under henry middleton in 1604 but they faced opposition gainst the dutch and the third ship reached surat in 1608 under Hawkins they impressed bahadurshah jahangir to get permission for a settlement at surat but oppositof portugese was withdrawn the idea. Hence Hawkins mission failed. The 5th ship named gleobe reached mcp in 1611 under the leadership of hippon. In 1611/12 they established atrade centre at mcp with permission of md quli The first ensettlemt in India Jahangir permitted them have permanent settlement in 1613 In 1615, king of enlgand james Isnet sir Thomas roe to the court of jahangir as envoyhe came out successful in getting permission from the jahangir to heve trade centres in different parts of his kingdom As the influemce of enlish increased the portugese came to a treaty with them in 1635 But they couldnt campare with the dutch in east indies . in 1619 thomas dele reached east indies with six ships but the dutch governor peterson koyen didnt allow them and turned the ships to mcp In 1625 there took place ambayana massacre. Then the English decide to concentrate only in India The british settlements in Andhra coast

Mcp was famous for kalankari industry and there was the first british settlement, but wxed with the opposition from the dutch and the toubles caused by the employees of nawab, they shifted to pulicat in 1621 They further shifted to aramagam in 1626 presently known as duggaraja puram in nellore dist They came back to mcp in 1632 as they were invited by nawab Abdullah Gradually they established nizampatanam bhiminipatnam in 1634veera vasari in 1682 vishakapatnam injiram (EG) in 1708 and by 1768 chikacole, eluru and rzm became their trading centres Establishment of madras By 1638, Thomas clark the rep. of mcp and francis day rep. of ramugam were company employees in Andhra The directors of company decided to close the factory at arumugam and asked day to search for the new centre They day observed the areas pud. Etc The chandragiri governor of vijayanagar king venkatapathi rayaIII, demerla venkatadri and ayyappa who was resident of ponamalai accepted to hand over a region near madras a village there In 1639 francis day visisted this area and consulted damerla brothers at ponamalai king venkatapathi rayaIII was convinced by damerla brothers in giving permission to built a fort and establish a mint to the british a/c the agr. The income from the fort and taxes should be shared eequally the day started building saint george fort in 1640 at madras and area was named chennaptam ater the father of damerla brothers cheneppa soon the 2 towns combined into 1 big city as sson many professionals specially weavers with their families came and settled here in 1641 the company declared madras to be the centre of trade in east coast in 1647 mir jumla occupied this area and made the british the permanent owners of the land in 1684 madras was reorganized as presidency and in 1688 the first municipal corp. (india) was esta. Here and with a mayor and 10 elderly people among which there were 7 indians The French Last European traders to come to India By the middle of 17th century England trade supramcy over India The king of france lious XIV and his finance mibister Colbert encouaraged to start French east India company The French established their first settlement at surat with the permission of aurangazeb in 1667 In 1669 the first settlement in Andhra at mcp under the leadership of admiral francis caron with the permission of Abdullah qutub shah In 1672 francis mantin got pud. From the ruler of bijapur At the very next year pud. Became the main Trade centre of the French The French who acted as a mediator b/n Abdullah and caron was merker a pursian

the ruler of bijapur who gave pud. To the French sherkhan pud. Actual name was vallikondapuram near tanjore later became popular as pud. in 1690 they established at chandarnagore (bengal) in 1708, kakinada and yanam