Marcus Salazar Mr.

Ronald Brandt IMS Honors Chemistry 10 May 31, 2012 Objective o This lab is performed to familiarize with volumetric analysis methods and to determine the mass percent of acetic acid in vinegar and the molarity of HCl solution. Materials o 2.00 mL of HCl o 10.00 mL of H2O o Brothymol Blue o Buret o 0.200 M NaOH o Graduated Cylinder o Dropper o 125 mL Erlenmeyer Flask o 2.00 mL of Vinegar o Phenophthalein Procedure o Hydrochloric Acid 1. Measure 2.00 mL of HCl and use a graduated cylinder and a dropper to pour into the clean 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask. 2. Pour 10.0 mL of H2O into a graduated cylinder and pour it into the flask to dilute the HCl.

3. Drop 3 drops of bromthymol blue into the flask with HCl and place the flask beneath the buret. Put a white piece of paper beneath the flask so it is easier to notice the color change. 4. Record the amount of solution in buret. 5. Begin the titration, slowly adding the NaOH into the flask of HCl. Continue to add the base and swirl the flask periodically while adding the NaOH. Stop the titration once the solution changes color to blue after swirling. 6. Record the solution level of NaOH in the buret. 7. Repeat steps 1-6 for another trial. If the volume is not within 0.1 mL of the first trial, repeat for a third time. Then average the used amount and record. o Vinegar 1. Repeat steps 1 and 2 of the procedure for the HCl but instead of using HCl, use vinegar. 2. Drop 3 drops of phenolpthalein indicator into the vinegar sample in the Erlenmeyer flask and place beneath the buret. 3. Record the amount of NaOH in the buret. You may ask your teacher to refill the buret with NaOH. 4. Begin the titration, slowly pouring the NaOH into the flask with vinegar. Swirl the flask as the NaOH is pouring in and stop the titration once the solution turns and remains pink. 5. Record the amount of solution in the buret.

6. Repeat another trial doing the same procedure. Each trial after the first need to be within 0.2 mL of each other. Data and Observations o The drops would fall into the flask and it would momentarily turn either blue/pink depending on the procedure. o The swirling would cause any color changing to disappear. o The amount of acid we used averaged to about 7.45 for both HCl and vinegar Calculations o On separate sheet Data Analysis o On separate sheet Sources of Error o The amount of acid we dropped was never the same for the different trials. Some were less and some were bigger. Therefore the amount of NaOH would be different every time. Sometimes the drop would be so big that we would not be as accurate for finding the end point or the color change. o While measuring the HCl/vinegar, we may have poured more than 2.00 mL into the graduated cylinder. This would have required more NaOH to neutralize the entire solution. This would throw off our information. o The buret is not labeled at the bottom so it is somewhat difficult to measure exactly. Since there is an absence of measurement on the top and bottom of the buret, measuring the amount used and the amount left in it may be off by a little which is very valuable in this lab.