2.262.

Sl5

LIGHTNING: EARTHING ELECTRODES HARMONIC RESPONSE

AGUADO M. HERMOSO B. SENOSIAIN V. MART~NEZ-CIDP.

Public University of Navarra (Spain)

1.- Abstract. The grounding behavior

Iberdrola

The expression for the input impedance is:

(resistive, capacitive, inductive) to a lightning discharge is related to the electrodes geometrical dimensions [l], shapes, and the soil characteristics
E,

(resistivity p, permitivity

permeability in which one the complex part value is function of the sing of (L/2-RE2C),if: (L/2-RE2C)>O there is an inductive behavior for all frequencies. -(L/2-RE2C)<O there is capacitive behavior for the region between w
w = w,
=0,

p. The border between the capacitive and ) inductive behaviors corresponds to a frequency value (critical frequency fc), analyzed with the T line model. A practical relation (fe, PA) is obtained from variable frequency tests made over different electrodes.

-(L/2-RE2C)=Oresistive behavior for all

2.-

Introduction.

To

analyze

the

frequencies.

response of a ground electrode when a lightning discharge is scattered, we use the T line model (fig 1):
W

Z/Z=(R+jLw)/Z

Z/Z=(R+jLw)/Z

Fig2 Zi Capacitive-Inductive behavior

0 For the last case the wc and f, values are:

I-

Fig.1. T line model

Hlgn Vo tage Engineering SymposiLm, 22-27 AugLst 1999 Confernnce Punlication ho 467, c IEE, 1999

2.263.515

3.- Critical Frequency. Theoretically,

simultaneously. The current (A) has been measured by a coupled current probe
A63 12-DC and a current probe amplifier

from the f, expression, one can choose values for R E ,L and C in a way that the grounding system works in capacitive zone for lightning discharge (1-2 Mhz.)
[4] Taking in account the values of R E ,L

AMSOSB.

The three firsts tests are been made up through a project financed by the Spanish Railway Company RENFE , and the last
one through another one financed by the

and C are functions of soil characteristics

(p, p, E) and

electrodes we can

shape write

and

dimension,

fc=

Companies EHN, Gamesa E6lica and Iberdrola.

f,(p, p, E, I). To evaluate this expression,

not in a theoretically way, we have done field tests. According the fall voltage method (fig.3) we injected an ac current wave in
1

-Electrode I : p=50 R.m, 1=1,5m

1,5111

using waveform Schwarz

frequency synthesizer

mnltifunction Rohde

and

with

output

1200

impedance of 50 R and a coaxial wire RG58U. We measured the voltage V (figure 4 to 6) in different electrodes and soils with a Fluke99 Scopemeter.
~

800

E 600
2oo0,,

,
1OfXl

o O ~ o o 100000

Fig.4. Frequency response electrode 1

f,=50lcHz, p/l=33,33
Fig.3. Impedance measurement circuit

- Electrode 2: p=50 Rm, 1=2m

2m

We linked the f, values to p/l ones, (1

electrode length). In the lasts tests (fig.7) we have recorded the voltage and current

2.264.Sl5

0.1 0.1

U 1000 100000
lo fxl000

50

Hz

500 H z

Fig.5. Frequency response electrode 2

f,=SOlrHz, p/l=25
- Electrode

3: p=200 a m , 1=6m
50 KHz

6m

I. I

6m
t

500 K H Z

1 MHz

0.1

fxl000

100

10000

Fig.6. Frequency response electrode 3

f,=20kHz, p/l= 33,33

- Electrode 4: p=800 Rm, 1=1,5m

10 MHz

Fig.7. Frequency response electrode 4

One can observe that at 10 MHz the current lag voltage.

S, =5 MHz, p/l= 533,33

Recording (f,-p/l) we obtain fig.8

2.265.Sl5

fC(lrH2)

- There is a relation between f, and p/l.

Are necessary more tests (different electrodes shapes and lengths, soils) to

y=-261+9,86x
2000 1000 0

consolidate the relation.

- For each f,there is an electrode critical

0
100 200

300 400 500 600

PI1

length (Zc);

for P l c the electrode

Fig.8. Relationship f , -p/l

behavior is inductive.

for 1-2 MHz the ratio p/l must between 120-220, and higher for higher

5.- Bibliography

[l] CIGRE 33.01. Guide to Procedures for Estimating the Lightning Performance of Transmission Lines. CIGRE, Oct, 91. [2] Gary C.; The Earthing Impedance of

frequencies scattered, existing a critical length (1, ) for every one f,. If 1 is longer that 1, the electrode behavior is inductive.

Example: f, lMHz, p/l=120

Horizontally

Buried

Conductors.

p (C2.m) 300 SO0

l,(m) 2,s 4,17

1000
8,333

Congress Lightning and Mountains 1994, Chamonix (France) [3] Bonrg S., Sacepe B., Debu T.; Deep Earth Electrodes in Highly Resistive

figures according with obtained in [3]

4.- Conclusions.

Ground: Frequency Behavior. Congress Lightning and Mountains 1997,

- The border between the capacitive and

inductive behavior for a grounding system is related to the critical frequency.

Chamonix (France). [4] Aguado M., Hermoso B., Senosiain V., Martinez Cid

- The critical frequency f, is a function

of soil characteristics and electrode dimensions (p, E, p, 1).

P.;

Harmonic

Impedance of Earthing Electrodes. Lines

T Model. CIGRE; SC 33 International

Conference, Zagreb, Croatia, September

2.266.Sl5

1998. 6. Address of Authors

Dr. Blas Hermoso, D. Vicente Senosian, Dila. Monica Aguado School of Industrial Engineering, Electrical Department, Public University of Navarra, Campus Arrosadia s/n, Pamplona 3 1008, Navarra, Spain E-mail: hermoso@upna.es, vajra@upna.es, monica.aguado@upna.es,

D. P. Martinez Cid, IBERDROLA,

Gardoqui 8, Bilbao 48008, Spain