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INTRODUCTION:
Tunneling is one of the most dangerous works in the field of construction. It is been reported that around 18% of the total fatality in the fields caused by tunneling . Thus it is clear that one has to be more precautious while working in tunneling process. It is also noticeable that only due to the process of tunneling the traffic is been controlled and as a results accidents are also minimized . Thus it is must but at the same time dangerous too. The task here is really the measures one can adopt to increase the output of work taking the problems into concerns hence several practicing plans are emphasized. Thus the main objective in this assignment is to put emphasis on the qualification and abilities of a project manager and his role in the field of construction. Project manager should know his duties & responsibilities &full knowledge of pros & cons of his decisions & activities. Thus the main objective of the project manager is not only to keep the work progress going on but at the same time minimize the risk factors and create a safe working condition
SCOPE OF WORK:
A personnel plan always revolves around Personnel objectives of the company such as viability, success, growth & social responsibility. Objectives such as absenteeism, labor turnover, grievances ,strikes, lockouts, etc can be highlighted in an quantitative manner rather than a qualitative. The project is to construct a tunnel of about 3km long. Thus the width of the tunnel may vary up to 7.5m. The project should also be completed as soon as possible. The site is located in a remote area so it is better to provide a good communication system among the site personnel . It is also mentioned that it takes 2 days to travel to the nearest town so as a project manager it is a must to provide necessary basic as well as the social needs for the men working around the site.
1)The interpersonal roles arise directly from authority and refer to the relationship between the manager and others. In this manager has a figurehead role as a symbol of organization . 2)The second interpersonal role is called the leader role. In this role the manager uses his or her influence to motivate and encourage subordinates to accomplish organizational objectives. 3)In the third type of interpersonal role the manager undertakes a liaison role .This role recognizes the managers often spend more time interacting with others outside their unit than they do working with their own superiors and subordinates. As a project manager strong communicative & interpersonal skills, must become familiar with each line of organization & should have the general knowledge of the technology say for example modern methods of tunneling techniques which includes
1.Organization of manpower : Manpower of the firm, company is a very important asset which plays a vital role in productivity or the work output, so it is essential to have a precise workforce with a right attitude. The manpower planning process involves the following steps: 1) Understanding the projects in all its details contractscondition, technical specification, estimates of quantities,construction methods & techniques, time frames. 2) Classifying & categorizing labor requirement & various jobs by level of skill, responsibility, nature of work. 3) Tentative plans for completion i.e - tendering of job , -updating information technical or administrative during execution stage. -Providing for grace period or lead time 4)Putting a price for each job - wage/ wage pay by considering following factors: -Level of skill required -Job knowledge required -Degree of responsibility - Nature of hazards/ unpleasantness in the job -Minimum wages law -Critical skills -Relative wage structure in the company. -Special attention areas -Career opportunities -Over/ under manning and -Gang labor
2.Job description:
Before hiring any individual may be a technicians, workers it should be crystal clear about the nature of job, risks involved, job commitments, & wages which might not become a reason for absenteeism, job frustration, invalid growth opportunities, hence standard formats for job description should be used for clarity, economy &efficiency of producing the job description . Writing a job description involves the following steps: * State a title, designation & reporting relationship * Prepare a list of all duties to be performed ( regularly , daily ,weekly. * Describe each duty in detail (avoid vague terms) * What is most responsible duty? * Amount or Percentage of time spent on each duty or closely related groups of duties
Job evaluation :
Job evaluation is the process of determining the worth or pricing of agiven job. For a typical job evaluation situation a employee, technician, worker provides information about the job they are doing , thereexperience, skills which is supposed to be mentioned which are essential for a recruiter to decide an suitable incentive plan for that employee .For a recruiter determining the worth of the job or evaluation is based on three points.- Classification planPoint rating plan- Factor comparison plan.
Job Enrichment :
a) Giving workers more freedom in planning work methods. b) Encouraging participation of subordinates & interaction between workers. c) Giving feedback on their job performance. d) Workers, skilled workers, technicians always wish their seniors project managers, supervisors are truly concerned with therewelfare.e) It is important to analyze that how important money is for the technicians , workers etc
3. Site Safety :
Site safety is the most important thing a project manager has to take careabout and make others aware of the hazards of unsafe sites. Based on the declared safety policy and supported by safety tool box the Project manager is required to conduct meetings periodically and all men under their control are made aware of all aspects of safety. Simultaneously all individual workers should be given pocket books highlighting the hazards of unsafe sites. Location of equipment must be marked prominently. Reporting procedures for accidents and updating statistical records should be adhered too .Body protection like a hard helmet and safety belts should be mandatory .Specific protection during work 1.During excavation of tunnel: Warning signals should be provide Prevent water from accumulating in trench Inspection of shoring everyday Keep ladder or other means of emergency exit within 10m 2. During blasting of tunnel: Explosives and detonators should be transported separately & safely Installation of red flags around the area of blasting 3.During electrical installations in the tunnel: * carried out by person having a valid license * laborer should wear rubber gloves, boots, mats safety belts etc * all wires and cables should be properly laid
FIRST AID
:First aid on site is required timely and if not given on time could be life threatening. First aid is required on site for the following reasons 1.Severe bleeding 2.Drowning 3.Electric shock 4.Asphyxiation 5. Sunstroke. 6. Bruises and sprains. 7. Particles in eye 8. Broken bones 9. Heat exhaustion10. Severe blow on head
Hygiene Factors :
Light weight common lavatories should be planned at strategic locations onsite & near shelters for ladies/gents & proper bathing units should also be considered which could be moved easily .Site cleanliness which includes dumping of debris outside the residing places & regular checks on site. Toxic materials should be disposed soon from site
CONCLUSION
Thus I do conclude by informing that accidents in site can be minimized by taking precautions at the maximum level of safety measures .On the other hand accidental occur only due to carelessness of on self so it is clear that one has to keep in mind about his personal safety so that all the accidentals can be minimized without any special supervision.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Papers on Management in Construction Industry by Prof. K .N.Vaid Project Construction Management by P.K .JOY. Building Construction By R. Chudley .