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different scientific attitudes/process

*The scientific attitude is an approach to investigations that benefits from certain traits : 1.Curiosity or inquisitiveness 2.Objectivity 3.Open-mindedness 4.Perseverance 5.Humility 6.Ability to accept failure 7.Skepticism

Bhaskara Rao (1989) stated that the most useful scientific attitudes are open mindedness, critical mindedness, respect for evidence, suspended judgment, intellectual honesty, willingness to change opinion, search for truth, curiosity, rational thinking, etc. Scientific attitude is really a composite of a number of mental habits, or of tendencies to react consistently in certain ways to a novel or problematic situation. These habits or tendencies include accuracy, intellectual honesty, open-mindedness, suspended judgment, criticalness, and a habit of looking for true cause and effect relationships. It is a cognitive concept; scientific attitudes are normally associated with the mental processes of scientists. These habits are important in the everyday life and thinking, not only of the scientist, but of everyone. Scientific attitudes possess attributes thought to be either true or false and do not express an evaluative quality. To lessen the semantic confusion, scientific attitudes may be better labeled as "scientific attributes". The attributes of scientific attitude are rationality curiosity open mindedness aversion to superstitions objectivity and intellectual honesty suspended judgment.

*The 10 scientific attitudes scientists should possess are beliefs, curiosity, objectivity, critical mindedness, open mindedness, inventiveness, risk-taking, intellectual honesty, humility and responsibility. A scientist believes that anything that with any functional thing that happens around us there is a reason behind it. This reason can be explored, experimented upon, explained and recorded .

Famous Filipino Scientists Just a few of the many who have contributed to the various fields of science:

Eduardo San Juan - astronomy - helped invent the Lunar Rover Charle Mar Abelo - zoologist - study about animals Jezrel Canlas - botany - study about plants Jose Cruz- electrical engineering Emerito de Guzman -work on the growth and development in vitro of the makapuno coconut embryo Caferiono Follosco - Electrical and Agricultural Engineering. Francisco Fronda H development of poultry industry not only in the Philippines but in the Asia region too. Angel L. Lazaro III -Civil Engineer and Environmental Planner Dr. Salcedo biochemistry, nutrition, physiology. Gregario Velasquez -pioneered Philippine phycology and made the first intensive study of

Myxophyceae or bluegreen algae Teodula MTopacio Jr -leptospiral disease of domistecated animals Joventino Soriano - plant cytogenetics and mutations Angel Alcala is behind the invention of artificial coral reefs used for fisheries in Southeast Asia. Arturo Alcaraz is a volcanologist specializing in geothermal energy development. Benjamin Almeda designed a food-processing machine. Julian Banzon researched methods of producing alternative fuels. Ramon Barba invented practical flower induction treatments. Doctor Benjamin Cabrera has developed innovations in drug treatments against diseases caused by mosquitoes and agricultural soil. Paulo Campos built the first radioisotope laboratory in the Philippines. Magdalena Cantoria is a noted Filipino botanist. Josefino Comiso Filipino Physicist has been warning the world about global warming. Doctor Lourdes Cruz has made scientific contributions to the biochemistry field of conotoxins. Rolando De La Cruz Filipino scientist invented an anti cancer skin cream. Emerita De Guzman researched the propagation of pure makapuno trees. Doctor Fe Del Mundo is credited with studies leading to the invention of an improved incubator and a jaundice relieving device. Anacleto Del Rosario Filipino chemist won the first prize at the World Fair in Paris in 1881 Ernesto Del Rosario is Filipino chemist best known for his achievements in biotechnology and applied physical chemistry. Roberto Del Rosario is the inventor of the Karaoke Sing Along System. Daniel Dingel claims to have invented a water-powered car. Pedro Escuro is best known for his isolation of nine rice varieties. Agapito Flores has been acclaimed by some as being the inventor of the first fluorescent lamp Pedro Flores was the first person to manufactured the yo-yo in the United States. Francisco Fronda is know as the Father of poultry science in the Philippines. Carmen Intengan - Food and nutrition researcher a pioneer that helped improve the Filipino diet. Amando Kapauan was a Filipino chemist who specialized in environmental chemistry. Hilario Lara helped establish the National Research Council of the Philippines. Felix Maramba built a coconut oil-fueled power generator. Luz Oliveros Belardo researched the phytochemical properties of plants in the Philippines for natural products Maria Orosa - Pioneering food inventor invented Calamansi Nip and Soyalac. William Padolina has served as the Secretary of the Department of Science and Technology for the Philippines. Eduardo Quisumbing was a noted expert in the medicinal plants of the Philippines. Francisco Quisumbing invented Quink ink. Dolores Ramirez promoted the development of genetics in the Philippines. Jose Rodriguez is a noted Filipino scientist and researcher who has invented methods of controlling leprosy. Eduardo San Juan worked on the team that invented the Lunar Rover or Moon Buggy. Alfredo Santos is a noted researcher in the chemistry of natural products. Francisco Santos studied the nutritional problems associated with the Filipino diet. Carmen Velasquez was a noted Filipino biologist. Gregorio Zara - discovered the physical law of electrical kinetic resistance called the Zara effect Prescillano Zamora - is best known for his research in plant anatomy-morphology including the taxonomy of Philippine ferns and the discovery of more fern species. Isaac Newton - developed the Laws of Motion Albert Einstein - formulated 2 Theories of Relativity Werner von Braun - developed German and then American rockets

Archimedes - formulated the Principle that bears his name James Watson and Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins - unravelled the details of the DNA double helix Ernest Walton and John Cockroft - first split the atom Benjamin Franklin - early experiments with electricity James Maxwell - experimented with and formulated electrical equations

Steps of the Scientific Method Ask a Question: The scientific method starts when you ask a question about something that you observe: How, What, When, Who, Which, Why, or Where? And, in order for the scientific method to answer the question it must be about something that you can measure, preferably with a number. Do Background Research: Rather than starting from scratch in putting together a plan for answering your question, you want to be a savvy scientist using library and Internet research to help you find the best way to do things and insure that you don't repeat mistakes from the past. Construct a Hypothesis: A hypothesis is an educated guess about how things work: "If _____[I do this] _____, then _____[this]_____ will happen." You must state your hypothesis in a way that you can easily measure, and of course, your hypothesis should be constructed in a way to help you answer your original question. Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment: Your experiment tests whether your hypothesis is true or false. It is important for your experiment to be a fair test. You conduct a fair test by making sure that you change only one factor at a time while keeping all other conditions the same. You should also repeat your experiments several times to make sure that the first results weren't just an accident. Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion: Once your experiment is complete, you collect your measurements and analyze them to see if your hypothesis is true or false. Scientists often find that their hypothesis was false, and in such cases they will construct a new hypothesis starting the entire process of the scientific method over again. Even if they find that their hypothesis was true, they may want to test it again in a new way. Communicate Your Results: To complete your science fair project you will communicate your results to others in a final report and/or a display board. Professional scientists do almost exactly the same thing by publishing their final report in a scientific journal or by presenting their results on a poster at a scientific meeting.

Pythagoras of Samos

Greek Mathematician Pythagoras is considered by some to be one of the first great mathematicians. Living around 570 to 495 BC, in modern day Greece, he is known to have founded the Pythagorean cult, who were noted by Aristotle to be one of the first groups to actively study and advance mathematics. He is also commonly credited with the Pythagorean Theorem within trigonometry. However, some sources doubt that is was him who constructed the proof (Some attribute it to his students, or Baudhayana, who lived some 300 years earlier in India). Nonetheless, the effect of such, as with large portions of fundamental mathematics, is commonly felt today, with the theorem playing a large part in modern measurements and technological equipment, as well as being the base of a large portion of other areas and theorems in mathematics. But, unlike most ancient theories, it played a bearing on the development of geometry, as well as opening the door to the study of mathematics as a worthwhile endeavor. Thus, he could be called the founding father of modern mathematics.

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